徐有(you)功(gong)(公元640—702年),名宏敏,字有(you)功(gong),唐(tang)朝政治人(ren)物。
唐(tang)洛州(zhou)偃(yan)(yan)師(shi)(今偃(yan)(yan)師(shi)市緱氏鎮)人,祖籍(ji)山(shan)東(dong)郯城人。舉明經,累(lei)轉蒲(pu)州(zhou)司法(fa)參軍(jun),紹封東(dong)莞縣男,人爭為(wei)用。載(zai)初元年(nian)(nian)累(lei)遷司刑丞(cheng),為(wei)政平恕,前后(hou)濟活數十百家。轉郎中,竟坐官(guan)免。三(san)年(nian)(nian)后(hou)又被武則天(tian)任(ren)為(wei)左臺侍(shi)御史,遠近(jin)皆欣然相賀。有(you)功嘗上疏(shu)論(lun)司法(fa)衍失。先后(hou)為(wei)法(fa)官(guan),不以私害(hai)公,強諫枉死者(zhe),三(san)經大辟(pi),而執志不渝,武則天(tian)重之,酷吏由(you)是少(shao)哀。久之,轉司仆少(shao)卿(qing)。卒年(nian)(nian)62歲。時人論(lun)日:今有(you)功斷獄,天(tian)下無冤(yuan)枉人。新舊唐(tang)書有(you)傳。
徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有功(gong)在(zai)蒲(pu)州(zhou)(zhou)任司法參軍期間,其政績已十分(fen)突(tu)出(chu)。當地(di)(di)百姓和(he)官吏(li)都(dou)(dou)稱他(ta)為(wei)(wei)“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。”那么“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”又是什么意思呢?原來(lai)徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有功(gong)在(zai)蒲(pu)州(zhou)(zhou)審(shen)判一(yi)切案(an)犯時(shi),都(dou)(dou)“力求寬仁,從(cong)不輕易動(dong)用(yong)刑訊,也(ye)不輕易判人笞杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)刑”,而(er)用(yong)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)仁義道德去教育(yu)啟迪(di)案(an)犯悔悟自新(xin)。為(wei)(wei)此蒲(pu)州(zhou)(zhou)百姓和(he)官吏(li)都(dou)(dou)很受教育(yu)和(he)感動(dong),稱徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有功(gong)為(wei)(wei)“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”。在(zai)他(ta)的(de)(de)感化下(xia)蒲(pu)州(zhou)(zhou)各地(di)(di)民風大改。徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有功(gong)3年(nian)(nian)任滿,竟沒有一(yi)次在(zai)審(shen)判案(an)犯時(shi)用(yong)了杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)罰的(de)(de)。因而(er)“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”之名也(ye)就越傳越響(xiang),傳到(dao)了京(jing)城長安。永(yong)昌(chang)元年(nian)(nian)(689年(nian)(nian))徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有功(gong)就被宣詔進京(jing),擔任起了司刑寺(si)丞的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)職(zhi)務。這說明徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有功(gong)的(de)(de)升遷,是以他(ta)“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”的(de)(de)顯著(zhu)業績和(he)才能,“正(zheng)步”而(er)人的(de)(de)。
弘道元年(nian)唐(tang)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)去世(shi),武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)以皇后身份臨朝(chao)執政(zheng)(zheng),繼而(er)她(ta)(ta)又“革唐(tang)命(ming)”自(zi)稱“圣神皇帝(di)”。徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)背景(jing)下(xia),上任(ren)至司(si)刑寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱帝(di),唐(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少舊(jiu)(jiu)臣和李氏宗(zong)室都(dou)十分反(fan)對,有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還起(qi)兵(bing)反(fan)對武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)。如(ru)(ru)徐(xu)(xu)敬(jing)業(684年(nian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揚(yang)州起(qi)兵(bing),唐(tang)宗(zong)室李沖、李貞(688年(nian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)兵(bing)反(fan)武(wu)等(deng)等(deng)。武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)自(zi)然(ran)深惡這(zhe)些舊(jiu)(jiu)臣和唐(tang)宗(zong)室,都(dou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次次派兵(bing)將他們鎮壓了下(xia)去。面(mian)(mian)對這(zhe)嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)局面(mian)(mian),武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)為鞏固(gu)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統治(zhi)(zhi)地位,一(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)任(ren)用酷(ku)吏(li),誣構大(da)獄(yu),偏(pian)離法(fa)規(gui),接連誅(zhu)殺(sha)所謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)臣和宗(zong)室,以此(ci)來震懾潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敵對勢(shi)力(li)(li),達(da)到(dao)她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。她(ta)(ta)要打擊敵對勢(shi)力(li)(li),就須(xu)要一(yi)(yi)(yi)批酷(ku)吏(li)做(zuo)她(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫手,所以她(ta)(ta)所選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酷(ku)吏(li)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)拘一(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)酷(ku)吏(li)來俊臣、周(zhou)興等(deng)人。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)斗大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字不(bu)(bu)(bu)識一(yi)(yi)(yi)筐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市井無(wu)賴,靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)告密狀誣陷(xian)人起(qi)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)氣候(hou)下(xia)仟(qian)司(si)刑丞(cheng),如(ru)(ru)果他也能和來俊臣、周(zhou)興等(deng)那(nei)樣,阿諛逢迎與(yu)酷(ku)吏(li)們同(tong)流合污、偏(pian)離國法(fa)按武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意圖審案判案,憑他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奇(qi)才(cai),高(gao)(gao)官厚祿自(zi)然(ran)也指日可待。然(ran)而(er)徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)人,而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)義無(wu)反(fan)顧(gu)地執法(fa)守正,冒著殺(sha)身之禍維護法(fa)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)肅性,制止著各種(zhong)冤假(jia)錯案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泛(fan)濫。例如(ru)(ru),他與(yu)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突:武(wu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)為及時廣泛(fan)地掌握“敵情(qing)”,她(ta)(ta)在(zai)全國各地大(da)設告密之處(chu)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)朝(chao)堂上她(ta)(ta)也設有告密箱。凡(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)能告發(fa)謀反(fan)大(da)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)能給予(yu)重賞。因(yin)而(er)全國告訐之風大(da)起(qi)。
這年有(you)個叫(jiao)(jiao)馮敬同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),他(ta)(ta)投(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)密(mi)告魏州貴(gui)鄉縣縣尉(wei)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)曾(ceng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)去年起(qi)兵(bing)被殺的(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)馬上(shang)(shang)(shang)叫(jiao)(jiao)酷吏——殿(dian)中(zhong)侍御史(shi)來(lai)俊臣(chen)(chen)(chen)審理此(ci)(ci)案(an),顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)被逮至長安后(hou),來(lai)俊臣(chen)(chen)(chen)馬上(shang)(shang)(shang)提審,強(qiang)逼(bi)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)承認(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)黨,顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大喊冤(yuan)枉(wang),經過(guo)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴刑(xing)逼(bi)供(gong)(gong),無奈顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)只得認(ren)(ren)罪寫了(le)(le)供(gong)(gong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang):從供(gong)(gong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)看(kan),顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)只能說是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)關系(xi),與(yu)(yu)(yu)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)怎么也聯系(xi)不(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。來(lai)俊臣(chen)(chen)(chen)知道這位(wei)(wei)圣(sheng)神皇(huang)帝需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么。他(ta)(ta)為了(le)(le)邀功(gong),不(bu)擇手(shou)段(duan)地使用各(ge)種刑(xing)罰(fa)對顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)進行(xing)逼(bi)供(gong)(gong)。顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)受不(bu)起(qi)皮(pi)肉(rou)之(zhi)苦(ku),只得在(zai)供(gong)(gong)詞(ci)(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)寫上(shang)(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)“與(yu)(yu)(yu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)字樣(yang)。來(lai)俊臣(chen)(chen)(chen)見顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)認(ren)(ren)罪丁,便(bian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)奏給了(le)(le)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)看(kan)了(le)(le)“供(gong)(gong)詞(ci)(ci)”后(hou),叫(jiao)(jiao)來(lai)俊臣(chen)(chen)(chen)將此(ci)(ci)案(an)轉(zhuan)交(jiao)司刑(xing)寺正式判刑(xing)。司刑(xing)寺對侍御史(shi)轉(zhuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)件,在(zai)以(yi)往(wang),幾乎是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律按侍御史(shi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)判決。而這次(ci),接顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)新上(shang)(shang)(shang)仟的(de)(de)(de)(de)司刑(xing)丞徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)細閱了(le)(le)案(an)卷,他(ta)(ta)覺得查(cha)(cha)出雖然顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)自己已(yi)(yi)承認(ren)(ren)了(le)(le),但“與(yu)(yu)(yu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)”罪證不(bu)足(zu),不(bu)過(guo),徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)清楚(chu)供(gong)(gong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)曲直——重刑(xing)出冤(yuan)鬼。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)沒有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點親戚(qi)關系(xi),是(shi)(shi)法(fa)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)正、公(gong)平和無私(si)驅動著(zhu)他(ta)(ta)查(cha)(cha)明實情(qing)。他(ta)(ta)想著(zhu)如何能糾正已(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冤(yuan)案(an)或縮小與(yu)(yu)(yu)法(fa)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏距(ju),減輕顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)罪名,他(ta)(ta)查(cha)(cha)閱了(le)(le)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)當年發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《永昌赦(she)令》,發(fa)現“魁(kui)首(shou)”和“支(zhi)黨”字樣(yang),他(ta)(ta)微(wei)微(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)笑,“我何不(bu)如此(ci)(ci)這般(ban)。”于是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)在(zai)審判顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)案(an)件時.便(bian)援引了(le)(le)《永昌赦(she)令》判顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)為李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“支(zhi)黨”,流(liu)放三千里,讓顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)免去死罪。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“支(zhi)黨”的(de)(de)(de)(de)判決,不(bu)但惹惱了(le)(le)來(lai)俊臣(chen)(chen)(chen),也使其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)幾位(wei)(wei)酷吏不(bu)滿(man),另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei)酷吏侍御史(shi)魏元忠便(bian)直接上(shang)(shang)(shang)奏武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian),請求將顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)按謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)魁(kui)首(shou)處斬,家(jia)(jia)口籍沒。武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)準(zhun)奏下(xia)敕(chi)。在(zai)古代,皇(huang)帝下(xia)敕(chi)判決,任何人(ren)都要(yao)照辦。然而徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)憑著(zhu)他(ta)(ta)執著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)——執法(fa)應公(gong)、守法(fa)要(yao)正;法(fa)是(shi)(shi)國家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming),行(xing)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)繩;法(fa)不(bu)正國家(jia)(jia)便(bian)亂了(le)(le)套,硬著(zhu)頭皮(pi)要(yao)向(xiang)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)強(qiang)諫(jian)。第二天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)朝(chao)時,徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)出班向(xiang)圣(sheng)神皇(huang)帝奏道:“顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)案(an)請陛下(xia)再加斟酌定(ding)案(an)。顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)是(shi)(shi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些關系(xi),如違法(fa)替李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)收私(si)債,又(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)書信,但陛下(xia)已(yi)(yi)發(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)《永昌赦(she)令}中(zhong)有(you)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)、李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)貞(zhen)同(tong)(tong)(tong)惡,魁(kui)首(shou)并(bing)已(yi)(yi)伏(fu)誅之(zhi)說.可見李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)謀(mou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)首(shou)早已(yi)(yi)全部法(fa)辦,按顏(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)詞(ci)(ci)分析,也只是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個漏網的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)黨而已(yi)(yi)。因此(ci)(ci)根據赦(she)令應免其(qi)(qi)死罪,改(gai)判流(liu)刑(xing)。如果赦(she)而復罪,即不(bu)如不(bu)赦(she),又(you)如何面對天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)?我圣(sheng)朝(chao)決不(bu)能這般(ban)行(xing)事。”
武(wu)則天見(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)位(wei)身(shen)穿(chuan)從六品朝(chao)服的(de)(de)(de)小官(guan)(guan)“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖”敢(gan)反(fan)駁她下的(de)(de)(de)敕令(ling),而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)還當著文(wen)武(wu)百官(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)面暗(an)喻她不(bu)按《永(yong)昌(chang)赦令(ling)》出爾反(fan)爾,便一(yi)臉怒(nu)氣地(di)問(wen):“照你(ni)說,那什么(me)叫(jiao)魁(kui)首(shou)?”徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)沉著地(di)答(da)(da):“魁(kui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大帥,首(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)謀。”武(wu)則天又(you)怒(nu)著問(wen):“顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶難道(dao)(dao)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魁(kui)首(shou)?”徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)又(you)答(da)(da):“若是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魁(kui)首(shou),他早應在李(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)被(bei)殺(sha)時(shi)就該(gai)伏法了,赦后才發覺,可見(jian)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)支黨(dang)而(er)(er)(er)矣。”武(wu)則天的(de)(de)(de)嗓子越來越粗:“他為李(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)征(zheng)私債、買(mai)弓(gong)箭(jian)(jian)還不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魁(kui)首(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)?”徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)又(you)答(da)(da):“征(zheng)債是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)實(shi),但買(mai)弓(gong)箭(jian)(jian)與(yu)顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶也(ye)無(wu)(wu)關。”武(wu)則天怒(nu)著又(you)問(wen):“二月(yue)(yue)征(zheng)債,八月(yue)(yue)通書(shu)(shu),還能(neng)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同謀?”徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)心平氣和地(di)道(dao)(dao):“所通書(shu)(shu)信未見(jian)查獲,只(zhi)據口(kou)供,而(er)(er)(er)口(kou)供也(ye)只(zhi)承認(ren)與(yu)李(li)(li)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)禮節(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)寒(han)暄(xuan)。而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)征(zheng)債、通書(shu)(shu)也(ye)只(zhi)能(neng)歸屬于支黨(dang)行為,與(yu)同謀魁(kui)首(shou)怎么(me)也(ye)劃不(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)等號呀!”這場朝(chao)堂的(de)(de)(de)辯(bian)駁,把(ba)在場的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)武(wu)大臣二三百人都(dou)嚇得(de)臉色刷青,正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)員(yuan)都(dou)為徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)前程和生命安全(quan)擔(dan)憂,而(er)(er)(er)徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“心正(zheng)不(bu)怕(pa)天,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)理(li)說得(de)過皇帝(di)”。他神情(qing)自若,對(dui)答(da)(da)如流,沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)點膽怯和懼怕(pa)。而(er)(er)(er)武(wu)則天開始時(shi)怒(nu)不(bu)可遏,后來她漸漸覺得(de)這位(wei)人稱“徐(xu)(xu)(xu)無(wu)(wu)杖”的(de)(de)(de)司刑(xing)丞倒(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)般官(guan)(guan)員(yuan)所沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)勇氣和見(jian)識。從她執(zhi)政以(yi)來,還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)到敢(gan)于與(yu)她爭辯(bian)論(lun)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)員(yuan),特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)謀反(fan)案件,她批準殺(sha)就殺(sha),從無(wu)(wu)人與(yu)她爭辯(bian)過。其(qi)實(shi)武(wu)則天很(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)政治(zhi)頭(tou)腦也(ye)很(hen)愛惜人才,其(qi)怒(nu)氣也(ye)慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)地(di)息了下來,對(dui)徐(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)道(dao)(dao):“顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支黨(dang)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支黨(dang),卿再去(qu)仔(zi)細勘問(wen),奏上(shang)(shang)(shang)來。”
這(zhe)場朝堂(tang)君臣論理答辯,在(zai)堂(tang)的(de)幾百名文武官(guan)員似看了(le)一(yi)(yi)場驚心動魄的(de)刀(dao)劍(jian)爭斗。然而使他(ta)們意(yi)料(liao)不到的(de)是(shi),武則(ze)天竟自己找了(le)個臺階走了(le)下來,叫(jiao)徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)(gong)再審顏(yan)余慶是(shi)否支(zhi)(zhi)黨。可見徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)(gong)已強諫獲(huo)準(zhun),他(ta)們長長地為徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)(gong)松了(le)一(yi)(yi)口氣。回(hui)朝后徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)(gong)便(bian)再審顏(yan)余慶,以“支(zhi)(zhi)黨”罪上奏武則(ze)天,獲(huo)得(de)武則(ze)天的(de)批準(zhun)。顏(yan)余慶在(zai)徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)(gong)冒死(si)與武后激烈的(de)爭辯中終于從(cong)死(si)神那里奪回(hui)了(le)他(ta)生的(de)希望,免去死(si)罪,改(gai)為遠流,他(ta)的(de)家人也得(de)免為官(guan)奴(nu)。這(zhe)是(shi)徐(xu)(xu)有(you)功(gong)(gong)為維護法律(lv)尊嚴與公正(zheng),制止(zhi)權大(da)于法的(de)冤假錯案,當(dang)然也是(shi)旗開(kai)得(de)勝。
徐(xu)有(you)功(gong)在司(si)刑寺(si)任職三年(nian)(nian),在這(zhe)三年(nian)(nian)間(jian)他(ta)(ta)糾(jiu)正(zheng)了數百(bai)件冤(yuan)假錯(cuo)案(an)(an),救活人命數千。三年(nian)(nian)任滿后(hou),被(bei)調至秋(qiu)官(原(yuan)稱刑部),任秋(qiu)官員(yuan)外郎,后(hou)又升為秋(qiu)官郎中(從五品上(shang)),負責復核司(si)刑寺(si)的(de)判(pan)決(jue),并能(neng)參與大(da)案(an)(an)的(de)審理。徐(xu)有(you)功(gong)到秋(qiu)官不久,一(yi)天(tian)他(ta)(ta)的(de)頂(ding)頭(tou)上(shang)司(si)周興(也是(shi)(shi)武則天(tian)時的(de)酷(ku)吏)交給他(ta)(ta)一(yi)份案(an)(an)卷說:“此宗(zong)(zong)案(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)道(dao)州刺史舊唐宗(zong)(zong)室(shi)李仁(ren)褒兄弟(di)的(de)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)反(fan)(fan)案(an)(an),司(si)刑寺(si)已判(pan)為謀(mou)(mou)(mou)反(fan)(fan)罪,你拿去看(kan)(kan)一(yi)看(kan)(kan)……”徐(xu)有(you)功(gong)接過(guo)案(an)(an)卷細(xi)細(xi)地看(kan)(kan)。他(ta)(ta)看(kan)(kan)后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)周興說:“兄弟(di)倆練(lian)武比(bi)(bi)箭(jian)(jian)怎能(neng)定(ding)為叛逆謀(mou)(mou)(mou)反(fan)(fan),這(zhe)不是(shi)(shi)太冤(yuan)枉人了,應該(gai)馬上(shang)糾(jiu)正(zheng)!”周興卻(que)冷(leng)冷(leng)地一(yi)笑:“李仁(ren)褒兄弟(di)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)舊唐李氏(shi)宗(zong)(zong)室(shi)的(de)人,你知道(dao)圣神皇帝可(ke)(ke)恨的(de)是(shi)(shi)誰?管他(ta)(ta)們練(lian)武也罷、比(bi)(bi)箭(jian)(jian)也罷,他(ta)(ta)們今(jin)天(tian)動(dong)刀動(dong)槍比(bi)(bi)武,明天(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)帶(dai)兵謀(mou)(mou)(mou)反(fan)(fan),定(ding)他(ta)(ta)們謀(mou)(mou)(mou)反(fan)(fan)罪有(you)什么錯(cuo)?不殺他(ta)(ta)們殺誰?”徐(xu)有(you)功(gong)嚷著道(dao):“難(nan)道(dao)練(lian)武比(bi)(bi)箭(jian)(jian)能(neng)推論定(ding)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)反(fan)(fan)罪?天(tian)理何存,國法何在,難(nan)道(dao)皇帝就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)不憑事實說話?!”兩人便爭(zheng)執起來。
其(qi)實周興與來(lai)俊臣等人不同,他(ta)原(yuan)是(shi)(shi)秀才出身,讀過不少法律書,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)善于“鍛煉”構陷(xian)大獄(yu)的(de)人。他(ta)以(yi)秋官侍郎的(de)身份壓(ya)制徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功,并(bing)寫成一(yi)狀盡述徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功的(de)誣告之詞,上(shang)奏武則天。說徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功有(you)(you)(you)某種(zhong)政治動機。“故出反囚李(li)仁(ren)褒(bao)兄弟,罪(zui)當不赦。”并(bing)說:“漢法,附下罔(wang)上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)斬,面欺(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)亦斬。古經上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)言:析言破律者(zhe)(zhe)殺。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功有(you)(you)(you)意(yi)袒護謀反之賊,正合死(si)罪(zui),請陛下將徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功下獄(yu)查審。”
武(wu)則天對(dui)徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)有(you)(you)(you)欣(xin)賞(shang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)—他忠心守法護法而(er)且很有(you)(you)(you)才干;但她(ta)(ta)又有(you)(you)(you)討厭他的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)——他常出來與她(ta)(ta)爭辯,阻礙她(ta)(ta)除(chu)(chu)盡敵對(dui)勢力的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。她(ta)(ta)對(dui)徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)態度處在(zai)這(zhe)二(er)者的(de)(de)(de)交叉之間。聽周興說要(yao)殺他,但她(ta)(ta)目前(qian)還沒有(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)個打算。于是便下(xia)詔:“禁止逮捕審訊徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功(gong),罷免他的(de)(de)(de)官職,削職為(wei)民。”徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)這(zhe)次與武(wu)則天連當面(mian)爭辯的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會都沒有(you)(you)(you)。在(zai)家(jia)中接旨以后,便被除(chu)(chu)去了烏紗帽(mao)。不過(guo)武(wu)則天對(dui)徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)還是另眼(yan)相(xiang)看的(de)(de)(de),如果落到(dao)周興手里(li)。不判死罪也將(jiang)被打個半死。
周興對徐有(you)(you)功削職為(wei)民并未到此休(xiu)止。他派出了許多(duo)“眼(yan)睛(jing)”暗中(zhong)監視(shi)徐有(you)(you)功的(de)一(yi)舉一(yi)動,特別是注意是否有(you)(you)唐的(de)李氏宗室和(he)舊臣來往(wang)。如果(guo)徐有(you)(you)功一(yi)旦有(you)(you)所(suo)不慎,也將被誣告謀反同黨(dang)而處死(si)罪。從上一(yi)例(li),可知徐有(you)(you)功護(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)守(shou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)艱難(nan)。上有(you)(you)武后作威、蓄意威嚇,下有(you)(you)酷吏網羅誣告,在這時要執法(fa)(fa)(fa)守(shou)正維護(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律的(de)公(gong)正嚴肅是何(he)等之(zhi)難(nan)呀!
徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)被(bei)罷官后(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到半年(nian),以(yi)(yi)構獄(yu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)邀功(gong)升遷的(de)(de)周興(xing)也(ye)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)指(zhi)控“謀反”下(xia)獄(yu),審(shen)理他(ta)的(de)(de)便是來俊臣(chen)。來俊臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)“請君入甕(weng)”威嚇周興(xing)承認謀反罪(zui)名。周興(xing)受苦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過也(ye)只得(de)認罪(zui),倒是武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同意(yi)(yi)為她(ta)“盡(jin)忠(zhong)”多年(nian)的(de)(de)周興(xing)處(chu)以(yi)(yi)斬(zhan)首。而(er)將他(ta)改為流(liu)放,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過他(ta)在流(liu)放途中(zhong)也(ye)被(bei)仇人(ren)(ren)殺(sha)(sha)了,周興(xing)的(de)(de)死,倒解(jie)脫(tuo)了監視(shi)徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)雙雙眼睛,周長壽(shou)二(er)年(nian)(693年(nian))武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)又重新起(qi)用徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong),任(ren)命他(ta)為左肅政臺侍御史(從(cong)六(liu)品(pin)下(xia))。徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)推辭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成,只得(de)就(jiu)任(ren),徐(xu)(xu)有功(gong)任(ren)侍御史后(hou),在潤州(zhou)發(fa)生了一(yi)(yi)起(qi)龐(pang)(pang)氏案(an)。龐(pang)(pang)氏原是唐睿宗李旦(dan)的(de)(de)岳母(mu)——竇(dou)德(de)(de)妃(fei)娘娘的(de)(de)母(mu)親,潤州(zhou)刺(ci)史竇(dou)孝諶的(de)(de)妻子。她(ta)從(cong)女(nv)兒(er)德(de)(de)妃(fei)被(bei)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)殺(sha)(sha)死后(hou),一(yi)(yi)直心神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定.抑郁(yu)成疾(ji),自(zi)以(yi)(yi)為被(bei)鬼怪纏住(zhu)了身。她(ta)聽從(cong)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)奴(nu)仆之說,在夜(ye)間焚(fen)香(xiang)祈禱驅鬼。然而(er)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)焚(fen)香(xiang)驅鬼的(de)(de)事(shi)卻(que)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)告發(fa),說她(ta)在每夜(ye)焚(fen)香(xiang)詛咒武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)早死。武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)從(cong)殺(sha)(sha)了德(de)(de)妃(fei)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)正找(zhao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到德(de)(de)妃(fei)親人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)“謀反”把柄和(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)軌行為,酷吏薛(xue)季昶為迎合武(wu)后(hou)的(de)(de)心意(yi)(yi),便捏造(zao)龐(pang)(pang)氏為“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)道(dao)”罪(zui)。將龐(pang)(pang)氏判為死刑,家(jia)屬也(ye)緣坐流(liu)放三千里。
徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)得悉后(hou),他(ta)也知道這是(shi)武后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)旨意,很(hen)難挽回。可他(ta)想:像這樣(yang)草菅人(ren)(ren)命國(guo)法(fa)(fa)何存?我(wo)既做了(le)侍(shi)御史(shi)就(jiu)應(ying)(ying)向(xiang)皇上進諫,權大于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)現象不(bu)(bu)能(neng)再(zai)延續下(xia)去,我(wo)縱(zong)然(ran)一死(si),也要(yao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)!于(yu)(yu)是(shi)他(ta)直奔宮殿(dian),向(xiang)武則(ze)天奏(zou)道:“陛下(xia),依(yi)微臣查訪,龐夫人(ren)(ren)無(wu)罪(zui)可有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),如濫殺一個無(wu)辜之人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)僅使天下(xia)人(ren)(ren)嗤(chi)笑(xiao),并關(guan)系到大唐的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)度,請陛下(xia)三思,”武則(ze)天一聽徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)腹之患德妃母(mu)親龐氏辯護(hu)(hu),霎(sha)時就(jiu)火冒(mao)三丈(zhang),十分惱怒。而站(zhan)在(zai)她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)身旁(pang)的(de)(de)(de)薛季昶(chang)又(you)在(zai)一旁(pang)趁機道:“萬歲,法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規定(ding),凡(fan)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)罪(zui)人(ren)(ren)強詞奪(duo)理(li)辯護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de),也應(ying)(ying)殺頭。徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)囚(qiu)辯護(hu)(hu),目中(zhong)無(wu)皇上,應(ying)(ying)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)‘黨(dang)援(yuan)惡(e)逆'罪(zui),理(li)應(ying)(ying)立即推出斬(zhan)首。薛季昶(chang)的(de)(de)(de)一番話,給正在(zai)發火的(de)(de)(de)武則(ze)天無(wu)疑(yi)是(shi)火亡加油,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)她(ta)立即下(xia)令:“將(jiang)徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)轟出宮殿(dian),令司刑(xing)(xing)寺治(zhi)罪(zui)。”司刑(xing)(xing)寺便很(hen)快(kuai)將(jiang)徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)議定(ding)了(le)“黨(dang)援(yuan)惡(e)逆”罪(zui),判以(yi)死(si)刑(xing)(xing)處(chu)斬(zhan)。徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位好友,便將(jiang)此消息悄(qiao)悄(qiao)跑(pao)到他(ta)家去告訴了(le)徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong),流著眼淚叫他(ta)早做準備。徐(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)聽后(hou)坦然(ran)地(di)說:“不(bu)(bu)要(yao)哭,難道這世上只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)一個人(ren)(ren)會死(si)嗎?我(wo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)維護(hu)(hu)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)、公正地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)說話,權不(bu)(bu)能(neng)大于(yu)(yu)法(fa)(fa)呀!我(wo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)執法(fa)(fa)、護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)而死(si),死(si)何足惜!”他(ta)若無(wu)其事的(de)(de)(de)陪同那位朋友吃了(le)飯,睡了(le)午(wu)覺(jue)。午(wu)后(hou),他(ta)就(jiu)被刀斧(fu)手綁著押赴了(le)刑(xing)(xing)場。
徐(xu)有(you)功被押赴刑場的(de)消息(xi)轟動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)京城。后(hou)經老臣們的(de)仗義執言和陳詞(ci)辯護,終(zhong)于(yu)使武則天(tian)下令:“免(mian)去徐(xu)有(you)功死(si)(si)罪,罷(ba)官流放邊疆。”龐氏也由此免(mian)去了(le)(le)(le)死(si)(si)罪,改判(pan)遠(yuan)流。徐(xu)有(you)功又一次為法律(lv)的(de)守(shou)正,以(yi)死(si)(si)護法,制(zhi)止(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)又一起處死(si)(si)案的(de)發生(sheng),真可謂是可歌(ge)可泣,感動(dong)天(tian)地。
武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)當(dang)政時,徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)歷任蒲州(zhou)司(si)法參軍(地方司(si)法官(guan)(guan)員(yuan)(yuan))、左肅(su)政臺侍御史(shi)(shi)(shi)、司(si)刑少卿(大理(li)寺司(si)法官(guan)(guan)員(yuan)(yuan))等官(guan)(guan)職(zhi)。當(dang)時,酷吏恣(zi)橫,構(gou)陷無辜(gu),嚴(yan)刑峻(jun)法,朝野(ye)震恐,莫敢正言。獨徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犯(fan)顏(yan)(yan)護(hu)法,三次被罷(ba)官(guan)(guan),但(dan)矢志不(bu)渝,前(qian)后共救了(le)(le)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)人(ren)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)一次,博(bo)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)被誅殺(sha),牽涉(she)到(dao)官(guan)(guan)吏顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶(qing),武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)指(zhi)令(ling)酷吏來俊(jun)臣審理(li)此(ci)(ci)案,來俊(jun)臣給(gei)顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶(qing)定(ding)下了(le)(le)謀反的(de)(de)(de)(de)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)名。在(zai)朝廷上,來俊(jun)臣向(xiang)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)匯報時,侍御史(shi)(shi)(shi)魏元(yuan)忠也認(ren)為應該(gai)判(pan)顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶(qing)死(si)(si)(si)(si)罪(zui)(zui)(zui),武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)下旨(zhi)批準。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卻堅(jian)持顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶(qing)不(bu)是“魁(kui)(kui)首(shou)”,不(bu)能誅殺(sha)。武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)大怒,斥問:“何(he)謂(wei)魁(kui)(kui)首(shou)?”徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo):“魁(kui)(kui)者,大帥;首(shou)者,元(yuan)謀。”后來,武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)免除了(le)(le)顏(yan)(yan)余(yu)慶(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)死(si)(si)(si)(si)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)一個(ge)叫韓紀(ji)(ji)孝(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),在(zai)徐(xu)(xu)敬業謀反時接受了(le)(le)偽官(guan)(guan)職(zhi)。在(zai)朝廷審理(li)徐(xu)(xu)敬業謀反案時,韓紀(ji)(ji)孝(xiao)已經死(si)(si)(si)(si)了(le)(le),但(dan)負責審理(li)此(ci)(ci)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)顧仲(zhong)琰(yan)卻要求(qiu)籍沒韓紀(ji)(ji)孝(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)產,武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)予以(yi)(yi)認(ren)可。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)抗辯說(shuo):“人(ren)已經死(si)(si)(si)(si)了(le)(le),就(jiu)不(bu)應該(gai)再追究其罪(zui)(zui)(zui),更不(bu)應該(gai)株連其他(ta)人(ren)。”后來因(yin)為這個(ge)案子獲(huo)得寬恕(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百姓就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)幾十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曾經對自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)人(ren)說(shuo):“今身為大理(li),人(ren)命所(suo)懸,不(bu)能順(shun)旨(zhi)詭辭,以(yi)(yi)求(qiu)茍免。”當(dang)時,告密者通常(chang)采取誘(you)使(shi)他(ta)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)奴婢(bi)狀告主人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法,以(yi)(yi)求(qiu)獲(huo)得官(guan)(guan)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)賞。潤州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)竇孝(xiao)諶的(de)(de)(de)(de)妻子龐氏(shi)(shi)被奴婢(bi)誣告,監察御史(shi)(shi)(shi)薛(xue)季昶審理(li)認(ren)為應該(gai)判(pan)龐氏(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)(si)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。其子到(dao)徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)處訟冤,徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一邊(bian)發文要求(qiu)停刑,一邊(bian)上奏(zou)武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)。薛(xue)季昶十(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)惱火,彈劾(he)徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)枉法,罪(zui)(zui)(zui)當(dang)處死(si)(si)(si)(si)。徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卻說(shuo):“豈吾獨死(si)(si)(si)(si),而諸(zhu)人(ren)長不(bu)死(si)(si)(si)(si)邪?”武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)召見并責問他(ta)說(shuo):“公比斷獄(yu)多失出(chu),何(he)耶(ye)?”徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)回答:“失出(chu),臣下之小過;好生,圣人(ren)之大德。”武(wu)則(ze)(ze)天(tian)知道(dao)徐(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是忠臣,于是,免去了(le)(le)龐氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)死(si)(si)(si)(si)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。
天(tian)授元(yuan)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)690年(nian)),道州(zhou)刺史李仁褒兄弟被(bei)酷吏所陷害,徐有(you)功雖然(ran)堅(jian)持抗爭護法,但(dan)沒(mei)有(you)成功,并因此(ci)被(bei)罷官。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),他又被(bei)重(zhong)新起用(yong)為侍御史。“天(tian)下聞(wen)有(you)功復(fu)進,灑然(ran)相賀(he)”。徐有(you)功審案,卓(zhuo)然(ran)守(shou)法,雖死不(bu)(bu)移。他曾經三次因守(shou)法蒙冤,但(dan)“將死,泰(tai)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)憂;赦之,亦不(bu)(bu)喜”。武(wu)則天(tian)因此(ci)十(shi)分雅重(zhong)他。時人贊頌徐有(you)功“聽訟(song)惟明,持法惟平”。
有(you)(you)關徐有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)剛(gang)正(zheng)不(bu)阿(a)、守(shou)法(fa)護法(fa)的(de)(de)事例很多,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)司(si)法(fa)任上約15年,就有(you)(you)三次(ci)被控(kong)告死罪(zui)(其中一(yi)次(ci)改為(wei)流放),而他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)卻泰然不(bu)憂;三次(ci)被赦也不(bu)阿(a)諛奉迎,仍然矢(shi)志不(bu)渝,二(er)次(ci)罷官(guan),復出后仍又一(yi)心執(zhi)法(fa)守(shou)法(fa),連武則天(tian)也被他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)忠貞和(he)勇氣所折服(待她坐穩了(le)帝位(wei)后,又將在(zai)流放的(de)(de)徐有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)召回(hui)起用任司(si)刑寺(si)少(shao)卿)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)任法(fa)官(guan)前后執(zhi)正(zheng)大案六七百件,救(jiu)人數以萬計。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)既不(bu)為(wei)己謀利,也不(bu)為(wei)君(jun)主(zhu)之(zhi)私(si)欲所動搖,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)守(shou)的(de)(de)是(shi)公(gong)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)法(fa),無(wu)私(si)念(nian)之(zhi)法(fa),正(zheng)因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)一(yi)位(wei)守(shou)正(zheng)不(bu)阿(a)清官(guan),才(cai)能在(zai)種種誣陷(xian)冤告中傲(ao)然挺立,使頻(pin)頻(pin)彈劾、推審他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)酷吏,在(zai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身上也找(zhao)不(bu)到他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與案犯(fan)有(you)(you)什么特殊關系。公(gong)正(zheng)、忠誠、無(wu)私(si)、才(cai)干和(he)勇氣,是(shi)徐有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)成為(wei)古代(dai)優秀法(fa)官(guan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin),因(yin)此受到了(le)歷代(dai)人民的(de)(de)擁護和(he)愛戴(dai)
“爾所言者私忿(fen),我所守者公法,不可以私害公。”
—此言出自《新唐(tang)書(shu)》卷一百一十(shi)三《徐有功傳》,是(shi)(shi)徐有功回答為什(shen)么別人總(zong)(zong)想加害(hai)他,而總(zong)(zong)是(shi)(shi)害(hai)不(bu)死他時說(shuo)的(de)(de)一句(ju)話。意思(si)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo):你們所說(shuo)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)私(si)人恩怨,我所守(shou)護的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)公共的(de)(de)法(fa)律,不(bu)允許以(yi)私(si)人恩怨損害(hai)公共的(de)(de)法(fa)律。這反映了徐有功“公法(fa)將戰勝(sheng)私(si)欲(yu)、正義將戰勝(sheng)邪(xie)惡”的(de)(de)信念。