甘(gan)肅(su)酒(jiu)泉(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)基(ji)地是指位于(yu)甘(gan)肅(su)省酒(jiu)泉(quan)(quan)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)千萬千瓦風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)基(ji)地。甘(gan)肅(su)酒(jiu)泉(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)展模(mo)式(shi)既不(bu)同(tong)(tong)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)內現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)展模(mo)式(shi),也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)外現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)展模(mo)式(shi)。改革開放(fang)30年來(lai),隨著中國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)高速發(fa)展,能(neng)(neng)(neng)源需(xu)求也(ye)在快速增加(jia)。世(shi)界新增能(neng)(neng)(neng)源需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)40%以上來(lai)自中國(guo)(guo),中國(guo)(guo)已經(jing)成為僅次于(yu)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全世(shi)界第(di)二大能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消費國(guo)(guo)。到2007年,國(guo)(guo)內石油需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)半依靠(kao)進口,煤炭也(ye)由傳統出口產品轉變為凈進口。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國能源消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)結構中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),煤炭、石油和天(tian)然(ran)氣等化(hua)石能源占主(zhu)導地位(wei)。盡管近年來中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國化(hua)石能源消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)所占的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)呈(cheng)現下(xia)降趨勢,但2007年煤炭在(zai)能源消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)總量的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)仍(reng)然(ran)高(gao)(gao)達69.4%,是世界主(zhu)要(yao)經濟體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)煤炭消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)比(bi)重(zhong)最高(gao)(gao)的(de)國家(jia)。能源需(xu)求的(de)快速增長和以(yi)煤炭為主(zhu)的(de)能源結構,決定了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國污(wu)染物(wu)排放等主(zhu)要(yao)環(huan)保(bao)指標居高(gao)(gao)不下(xia)。
2007年(nian)化石能(neng)源消費占能(neng)源總(zong)量的(de)92.8%,包括水電(dian)、核電(dian)和(he)風電(dian)在內的(de)其(qi)(qi)他能(neng)源消費所占比重(zhong)(zhong)僅為7.2%,其(qi)(qi)中除了水電(dian)以外的(de)其(qi)(qi)他可再生(sheng)能(neng)源所占比重(zhong)(zhong)非常(chang)低(di)。
在所(suo)有(you)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)中,水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)技術最成(cheng)熟(shu),目前(qian)具備(bei)(bei)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)條件的(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目基本(ben)已(yi)經(jing)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、正在開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或準備(bei)(bei)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)。風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)除了水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)外開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)技術最成(cheng)熟(shu)、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本(ben)最低的(de)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan),是(shi)未來最具有(you)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)價值的(de)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)。隨著(zhu)全世界化石能(neng)源(yuan)價格的(de)上漲,風(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)已(yi)經(jing)與核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相當,與傳統火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)接(jie)近,遠低于生物質、太陽能(neng)等其他(ta)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)。近年來隨著(zhu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)制造水(shui)(shui)平的(de)提高(gao),風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)幅度降低,大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)效(xiao)益也進一步降低了風(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)。正因為以(yi)上原因,風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展是(shi)國家可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)替代戰略的(de)必然選擇。甘肅酒(jiu)泉以(yi)其豐富(fu)的(de)風(feng)力(li)資源(yuan)和大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)優勢,成(cheng)為中國千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地的(de)歷史性選擇。
歐洲、美國風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展較早,占系統總裝機的(de)(de)(de)比例較大(da),但(dan)(dan)其(qi)陸上風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)多為小型風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場,靠近負荷(he)中(zhong)心,主要采取風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)小規(gui)模(mo)開(kai)發(fa),分(fen)散(san)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)低壓配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang),這(zhe)種(zhong)就地(di)(di)消納接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)對電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)影響較小。近年來開(kai)始發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)規(gui)模(mo)較大(da),大(da)多采用高電(dian)壓等級集中(zhong)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)送(song)出模(mo)式(shi)(shi),但(dan)(dan)其(qi)建(jian)設規(gui)模(mo)是以電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)受能力為控(kong)制(zhi)條件,單個海(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)規(gui)模(mo)不太大(da),接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)并網(wang)(wang)點(dian)相對分(fen)散(san),這(zhe)種(zhong)分(fen)散(san)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)、就地(di)(di)平衡后送(song)出的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)對電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)影響也不大(da)。
歐美國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)結構較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堅強,吸納風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能力強,風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發展(zhan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)的(de)地區大多位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)部,因(yin)此風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)接入對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)總體(ti)影響相對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)。另(ling)外歐洲(zhou)、美國在風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)發展(zhan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)已經建立了較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)完整(zheng)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理體(ti)系,風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場規劃、建設、運行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)健全,風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備制(zhi)(zhi)造技術水平較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高,風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場運行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理經驗豐(feng)富,風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場并網(wang)(wang)(wang)規程規范管(guan)(guan)(guan)理辦法較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)齊全,因(yin)此歐美地區風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)影響較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)。
歐美通過政府制定法律、法規(gui)和相關政策,引導(dao)企業(ye)按照市場(chang)需求為導(dao)向(xiang)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)模(mo)式(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)風電,風電發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以靠近(jin)用電負荷中心、小規(gui)模(mo)、多業(ye)主(zhu)、高度分散(san)為其主(zhu)要發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)形式(shi)。
中(zhong)國風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資源豐(feng)富的(de)地(di)區大(da)多遠(yuan)離負(fu)(fu)荷中(zhong)心,當(dang)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)結構薄弱(ruo),吸(xi)納風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能力(li)弱(ruo),并且(qie)大(da)多采(cai)用(yong)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)開發(fa)的(de)建(jian)設(she)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)式,單個風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場或需(xu)要(yao)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)送(song)出(chu)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)機容量規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大(da),接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高(gao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量送(song)出(chu)的(de)距離越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)遠(yuan),因此雖然風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)占(zhan)系統總(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)機容量的(de)比(bi)重較小,但由于(yu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場規(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)較大(da),遠(yuan)離負(fu)(fu)荷中(zhong)心,尤其是千萬(wan)千瓦(wa)、百萬(wan)千瓦(wa)級巨(ju)型風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)大(da)多位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)末端(duan),風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場并網(wang)(wang)(wang)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送(song)出(chu)矛盾(dun)極(ji)其突出(chu)。
另外風電設備制造(zao)技術(shu)水平較(jiao)低,風電技術(shu)規程規范欠缺,管理制度不(bu)完善,因(yin)此中國風電快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)已(yi)經對電網運行(xing)造(zao)成(cheng)了巨大的影響(xiang)。
中國政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)制(zhi)定扶(fu)持(chi)風電(dian)(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)法律法規、相關(guan)政(zheng)(zheng)策、規定和(he)管理辦法,通(tong)過特(te)許權(quan)招標、核準等(deng)形(xing)式實現風電(dian)(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)宏(hong)觀調控(kong);政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)主導風電(dian)(dian)以資源開發(fa)為(wei)主導的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)模(mo)式,遠距離(li)、大規模(mo)、少業主、高(gao)度(du)集中成為(wei)中國風電(dian)(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)主要(yao)形(xing)式。
甘肅(su)省(sheng)是全(quan)國(guo)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)資源較(jiao)豐富(fu)的省(sheng)區之一,風(feng)能(neng)(neng)資源理論儲量為237GW,風(feng)能(neng)(neng)總儲量居(ju)全(quan)國(guo)第五位。甘肅(su)省(sheng)的風(feng)能(neng)(neng)資源主要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中在酒泉地區,酒泉風(feng)電基地的風(feng)能(neng)(neng)開發(fa)利用主要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中在玉門、瓜州、馬鬃山(shan)3個區域內。這3個區域的風(feng)速主要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中在4.0~12.0m/s,年平均風(feng)速5.0~6.5m/s,風(feng)能(neng)(neng)密(mi)度均超過150W/m2。
截至2008年(nian)年(nian)底,甘肅酒(jiu)(jiu)泉(quan)地區已投產發電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量已達到508.6MW,其中瓜州地區裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量300MW,玉門(men)地區裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量208.6MW。甘肅酒(jiu)(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地2010年(nian)年(nian)底計劃建成裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量為5160MW的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu),2015年(nian)前投產12710MW的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目(mu),2020年(nian)增加到20000MW以(yi)(yi)上,2020年(nian)以(yi)(yi)后為30000MW:因此(ci)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模巨大是甘肅酒(jiu)(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地基(ji)(ji)本特點。
玉門風(feng)電(dian)群(qun)(qun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)約為(wei)900km,瓜州風(feng)電(dian)群(qun)(qun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)約為(wei)1000km,馬鬃山(shan)風(feng)電(dian)群(qun)(qun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)約為(wei)1100km,整個酒(jiu)(jiu)泉風(feng)電(dian)群(qun)(qun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)約為(wei)1000km。如(ru)果考慮(lv)(lv)在西北(bei)區域內(nei)消(xiao)納風(feng)電(dian),距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)更遠(yuan),距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心1000km以(yi)上是(shi)目前(qian)已知的(de)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)最(zui)遠(yuan)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)。考慮(lv)(lv)2015年(nian)12710MW風(feng)電(dian)必須在全國(guo)電(dian)力市場(chang)消(xiao)納,其距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)更遠(yuan),因此距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)心最(zui)遠(yuan)、輸電(dian)線路最(zui)長是(shi)甘(gan)肅酒(jiu)(jiu)泉風(feng)電(dian)基地的(de)基本特(te)點。
為(wei)了(le)滿足風電(dian)(dian)(dian)的送(song)出(chu)需(xu)(xu)要,甘肅酒(jiu)泉風電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地所(suo)有風電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目要直接或間(jian)接通過750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)(ji)接入(ru)系統(tong),考慮2015年12710MW風電(dian)(dian)(dian)必須在全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場消納,需(xu)(xu)要建(jian)設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)(ji)更高(gao)的特高(gao)壓直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)工程。甘肅酒(jiu)泉風電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入(ru)系統(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)(ji)世界(jie)最高(gao),送(song)出(chu)工程建(jian)設(she)規模和投(tou)資(zi)世界(jie)最大。
酒(jiu)泉千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級風電基地超大(da)規模集中開發、超遠距離輸(shu)電的(de)開發模式,突破了國內外現有的(de)風電發展理(li)論,創新(xin)了風電發展理(li)念,為世(shi)界風電發展提供(gong)了一種全(quan)新(xin)的(de)選擇(ze)機遇。
由于風(feng)(feng)(feng)電難以(yi)起(qi)到常規電源在電力(li)系(xi)(xi)統中調峰、調頻(pin)、調壓和備(bei)用(yong)等方面的作用(yong),而且存在一些影(ying)響電力(li)系(xi)(xi)統安(an)全穩定經(jing)濟運行的因素,因此風(feng)(feng)(feng)力(li)發電與(yu)常規電源相比,差異巨大(da)。酒泉大(da)規模風(feng)(feng)(feng)電,除了具有常規風(feng)(feng)(feng)力(li)發電的共性問(wen)題(ti)以(yi)外,還存在許多特殊(shu)的個(ge)性問(wen)題(ti)。
甘肅河(he)(he)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路全長(chang)約為(wei)1000km,是(shi)目前國(guo)內輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)最(zui)長(chang)、串(chuan)聯變電(dian)(dian)(dian)所最(zui)多的330kV線路,受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網結構的限制,輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)較弱。正(zheng)常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網運行(xing)方式下,河(he)(he)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)網西電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)(song)的能(neng)力(li)僅(jin)為(wei)700MW左右(you),不僅(jin)無(wu)(wu)法滿足(zu)酒泉(quan)陸上“三峽”風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地的送(song)(song)出(chu)需要,考慮到張掖黑河(he)(he)等水電(dian)(dian)(dian)占用一部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)網送(song)(song)出(chu)能(neng)力(li)以后(hou),無(wu)(wu)法滿足(zu)現(xian)有的500MW左右(you)的風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的送(song)(song)出(chu)需要。
甘肅省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)司根據酒泉(quan)陸上(shang)(shang)“三峽”風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao),快速啟動了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規劃與年(nian)度建(jian)設(she)(she)計劃的(de)(de)調整工作。為(wei)了滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)2010年(nian)年(nian)底計劃建(jian)成投產的(de)(de)5160MW風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao),計劃投資120億(yi)元(yuan)左右建(jian)設(she)(she)河西(xi)750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。但經過分析計算常規河西(xi)750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)西(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送(song)(song)的(de)(de)能力(li)僅(jin)為(wei)1800MW左右,不僅(jin)無法滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)酒泉(quan)陸上(shang)(shang)“三峽”風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)送(song)(song)出需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao),不考(kao)慮(lv)張掖黑(hei)河等(deng)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占用一部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)送(song)(song)出能力(li)的(de)(de)問題,也(ye)無法滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)已(yi)經核(he)準的(de)(de)5160MW的(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)送(song)(song)出需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)。為(wei)此(ci)甘肅省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)司與國(guo)內有關(guan)研究院所合作,開展了深(shen)入(ru)的(de)(de)研究,采(cai)取國(guo)內外最先進(jin)的(de)(de)750kV串補和世界沒有的(de)(de)750kV可控高抗(kang)等(deng)多項最先進(jin)的(de)(de)技術措施,同(tong)時(shi)通過750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與新疆聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),以提(ti)高系統穩(wen)定水(shui)平和輸送(song)(song)能力(li),但也(ye)無法滿足(zu)(zu)(zu)5160MW風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)送(song)(song)出。
2015年(nian)(nian)12710MW以及2020年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加到20000MW以上裝機容量(liang)的風(feng)電(dian)(dian)項目,即使不(bu)考(kao)慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)能否在(zai)甘肅(su)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)消納的問題(ti),依靠常(chang)規的交流電(dian)(dian),在(zai)目前技(ji)(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)下(xia)難以將電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)送(song)到甘肅(su)主(zhu)網(wang)(wang),風(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)出問題(ti)的矛盾極(ji)其突出,必須依靠采(cai)取全世(shi)界(jie)最先進的特高壓(ya)直流輸電(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),才有可能解決2015年(nian)(nian)以后的風(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)出問題(ti)。
發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)必(bi)須(xu)同(tong)時完(wan)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian),決定了(le)整(zheng)(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)必(bi)須(xu)隨(sui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua),總(zong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)適(shi)應總(zong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)同(tong)步調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng),要求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)內(nei)必(bi)須(xu)有部分(fen)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組承擔隨(sui)著用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)能(neng)(neng)力(li),即發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)力(li);由于風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具有“風(feng)(feng)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)間歇(xie)性(xing)(xing)、波動性(xing)(xing)、隨(sui)機性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian),決定了(le)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)難(nan)以(yi)(yi)保持穩定,更不可能(neng)(neng)與用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)步變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua),為(wei)了(le)滿(man)足發(fa)(fa)供(gong)用(yong)同(tong)時完(wan)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)基本要求(qiu),必(bi)須(xu)有其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源承擔起適(shi)應風(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)要求(qiu)而相應反向變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)能(neng)(neng)力(li):因此(ci)具有風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)除了(le)要求(qiu)滿(man)足正常(chang)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)力(li)以(yi)(yi)外,還必(bi)須(xu)滿(man)足適(shi)應風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)隨(sui)機性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。
小(xiao)規模(mo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)占(zhan)整個電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)容(rong)(rong)量比例較小(xiao),對(dui)于系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要相(xiang)對(dui)較小(xiao),但為(wei)了滿(man)足2010年年底計劃建成投產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5160MW風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)需要,對(dui)于全(quan)省(sheng)最大(da)用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)僅有(you)8030MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘(gan)肅電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)一項嚴峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考驗(yan);截至2008年年底甘(gan)肅電(dian)(dian)網統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)量為(wei)14960MW,其(qi)中水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)5294MW、火電(dian)(dian)9069MW、風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)597MW,分(fen)別占(zhan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)總容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35.38%、60.62%、3.99%;在(zai)14960MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)量中具(ju)備調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)容(rong)(rong)量約(yue)為(wei)6500MW,其(qi)中火電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)4500MW、水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)2000MW,水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)期調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)、枯水(shui)(shui)期調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)較強(qiang),火電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)供熱期間調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)、非供熱期間調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)較強(qiang),受到(dao)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)運行方式以及檢修等因(yin)(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內最大(da)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)容(rong)(rong)量約(yue)為(wei)4000MW;考慮事故備用、負(fu)(fu)荷(he)備用等因(yin)(yin)素需要占(zhan)用一部分(fen)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li),另外(wai)由于省(sheng)內電(dian)(dian)網結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)限制部分(fen)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li),全(quan)省(sheng)所有(you)機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)約(yue)為(wei)2500MW;考慮到(dao)其(qi)中有(you)約(yue)1000MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機組(zu)(zu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)需要用于用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)承(cheng)擔風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)僅約(yue)1500MW,根本無法滿(man)足2010年5160MW風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)所需調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。
依靠(kao)甘肅(su)自有的(de)水(shui)火電(dian)(dian)機組調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)是遠遠不夠的(de),必(bi)須(xu)考慮(lv)西北五省區尤其(qi)用(yong)黃河中上(shang)游(you)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)參與調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng),但其(qi)中涉及(ji)到黃河水(shui)資(zi)源的(de)綜合利用(yong),大(da)規模跨省調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度管(guan)理模式和電(dian)(dian)費(fei)交(jiao)易管(guan)理辦法等(deng)一系(xi)列管(guan)理問題,另外還存在水(shui)火電(dian)(dian)機組能(neng)否適應頻(pin)繁調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)、電(dian)(dian)網能(neng)否適應系(xi)統潮流頻(pin)繁大(da)范圍波(bo)動等(deng)方面(mian)技(ji)術問題。2015年12710MW以及(ji)2020年增加到20000MW以上(shang)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)(liang)的(de)風電(dian)(dian)項目,即使不考慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)能(neng)否在甘肅(su)電(dian)(dian)網消(xiao)納的(de)問題,在現有技(ji)術水(shui)平(ping)下(xia)西北電(dian)(dian)網的(de)總體調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)能(neng)力已經無法滿足要求(qiu),需要在更(geng)大(da)范圍或新的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)技(ji)術才(cai)能(neng)解決調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)問題。
已(yi)經核準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)項目全(quan)(quan)部投(tou)產后,到(dao)(dao)2010年年底(di)風電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量達到(dao)(dao)5160MW,年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量約為10300GW·h,2008年全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)統(tong)調范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)最大(da)負荷(he)(he)8030MW、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)司(si)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)量52922GW·h,受到(dao)(dao)金(jin)融(rong)危機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)影響全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)增長趨緩,預(yu)計到(dao)(dao)2010年全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)統(tong)調范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)最大(da)負荷(he)(he)9500MW、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)司(si)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)量56000GW·h。全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)最大(da)負荷(he)(he)僅為9500MW,要消(xiao)納(na)5160MW風電(dian)(dian),從電(dian)(dian)力平衡的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)幾乎是(shi)不可能(neng)的(de)(de)(de);省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)司(si)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)量56000GW·h中要消(xiao)納(na)10300GW·h的(de)(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量,從電(dian)(dian)量平衡看似乎可能(neng),但考(kao)(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)面臨著水電(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)建設項目大(da)批(pi)投(tou)產,全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)需求(qiu)增長減緩的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji),如果5160MW的(de)(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量全(quan)(quan)部在(zai)甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)(nei)消(xiao)納(na),火電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)利用小時(shi)數將下(xia)降到(dao)(dao)3500h以(yi)下(xia)。因(yin)此無論(lun)從電(dian)(dian)力平衡、電(dian)(dian)量平衡方面考(kao)(kao)慮(lv),2010年5160 MW風電(dian)(dian)在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)(nei)難以(yi)消(xiao)納(na),必須依靠西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)網以(yi)及全(quan)(quan)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)網進(jin)行消(xiao)納(na)。
2015年(nian)12710MW以(yi)及(ji)2020年(nian)增加到20000MW以(yi)上裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目,即(ji)使考慮(lv)全省用電(dian)(dian)負荷以(yi)年(nian)均10%的增長率(lv)(lv)增長,從電(dian)(dian)力(li)平(ping)衡的角度考慮(lv),不(bu)僅(jin)甘肅(su)電(dian)(dian)網無(wu)法(fa)消(xiao)納(na),西(xi)北電(dian)(dian)網也難以(yi)消(xiao)納(na)。2015年(nian)及(ji)2020年(nian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)所對(dui)應的風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別約為25000GW·h、42000GW·h,即(ji)使考慮(lv)全省用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)需求以(yi)年(nian)均8%的增長率(lv)(lv)增長,不(bu)僅(jin)甘肅(su)電(dian)(dian)網也無(wu)法(fa)消(xiao)納(na),預(yu)計西(xi)北電(dian)(dian)網也難以(yi)消(xiao)納(na)。2015年(nian)及(ji)以(yi)后的風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)必須依靠全國電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場消(xiao)納(na),因此風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)消(xiao)納(na)存在較大的不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性。
2010年年底投產的5160MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要(yao)依靠750kV交流線(xian)路(lu)送(song)出(chu),1000km750kV雙回(hui)線(xian)路(lu),大概有1600MV·A的線(xian)路(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)(lv),線(xian)路(lu)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)(lv)會隨(sui)線(xian)路(lu)潮流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua),由(you)(you)于風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的隨(sui)機性特點,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)(lv)的快速變(bian)化(hua)將(jiang)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的系(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定產生巨大影(ying)響。風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規模越來(lai)越大,接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)越來(lai)越高,由(you)(you)于風(feng)力(li)(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的間(jian)斷性,將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)輸出(chu)線(xian)路(lu)的輸送(song)功率(lv)(lv)大幅度(du)變(bian)化(hua),進而引(yin)起線(xian)路(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)(lv)的大起大落,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)必(bi)須具備(bei)足(zu)夠的、動態的感性和容性無(wu)功調(diao)節能力(li)(li),同時要(yao)求各類(lei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)協同調(diao)壓(ya)(ya),才可能實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的有效(xiao)控(kong)制。交流聯網(wang)的整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和頻率(lv)(lv)之間(jian)相互影(ying)響,酒泉地(di)區風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)(li)大幅度(du)變(bian)化(hua)必(bi)然引(yin)起整個系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、頻率(lv)(lv)波動,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)存在頻率(lv)(lv)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩(wen)定問題。
為(wei)了(le)滿足送(song)出能(neng)(neng)力的要求(qiu),河西750kV電(dian)網必須同(tong)時采(cai)取(qu)750kV串(chuan)補和可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)高抗等(deng)(deng)多(duo)項最先(xian)進(jin)的柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性輸電(dian)技術(shu),另外為(wei)了(le)適應(ying)風電(dian)機(ji)組間(jian)歇性風電(dian)的需要,風電(dian)場升壓站必須安裝15%~20%的動態(tai)無功補償(chang)設備(SVC或SVG),串(chuan)補、可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)高抗和動態(tai)無功補償(chang)設備等(deng)(deng)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性輸電(dian)技術(shu)在(zai)河西電(dian)網同(tong)時應(ying)用,不僅可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)產生次同(tong)步(bu)諧振等(deng)(deng)問(wen)題,還需要綜合研究(jiu)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)性輸電(dian)的控(kong)(kong)制策略問(wen)題。由于(yu)超大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)風電(dian)場數(shu)學模(mo)型(xing)不完善,面對超大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)風電(dian)的遠(yuan)距離(li)輸電(dian)問(wen)題,不僅缺(que)乏實際運行(xing)管理(li)經驗(yan),理(li)論分析計算的結論仍然存(cun)在(zai)不確定(ding)性,因此酒泉風電(dian)基地可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)存(cun)在(zai)較大的系(xi)統穩定(ding)問(wen)題。
能(neng)否(fou)滿(man)足風電送出的(de)需求是酒泉(quan)千萬千瓦級風電基(ji)地成功(gong)與否(fou)的(de)關鍵。面對前(qian)所(suo)未(wei)有的(de)輸(shu)送能(neng)力(li)、調峰能(neng)力(li)、電力(li)消(xiao)納和系統穩定(ding)等方(fang)面的(de)一系列難題,電網(wang)企業(ye)面臨(lin)著前(qian)所(suo)未(wei)有的(de)挑(tiao)戰。
超前(qian)(qian)規(gui)(gui)劃、加快建(jian)設(she),以風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)促進電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)發展。科學合理的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)是(shi)滿(man)足(zu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)(song)出(chu)(chu)需求的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提條件(jian)。為(wei)了適應酒泉千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)基地建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)要求,國網(wang)(wang)公司牽頭組織完成了河(he)西750/330kV電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)最大(da)(da)接(jie)納風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)能力(li)、接(jie)入規(gui)(gui)劃方(fang)案、輸電(dian)(dian)規(gui)(gui)劃、大(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)適應性四大(da)(da)課題(ti)的(de)(de)研究(jiu),根據上述四大(da)(da)課題(ti)的(de)(de)研究(jiu)成果(guo),快速(su)啟(qi)動(dong)了電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)(gui)劃的(de)(de)修訂與(yu)調整工作。千(qian)方(fang)百(bai)計(ji)加快電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)是(shi)解決風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)(song)出(chu)(chu)矛盾的(de)(de)關鍵。必須(xu)全力(li)以赴(fu)加快風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)送(song)(song)出(chu)(chu)工程的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)工作和(he)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)。
統籌(chou)規(gui)(gui)劃、協調(diao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),以(yi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。國際上公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構比例為(wei)(wei)1:5以(yi)上。考慮到酒(jiu)泉(quan)千萬千瓦風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊情(qing)況(kuang),為(wei)(wei)了滿足風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰和遠(yuan)距離送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟性要求,經過初步研究,在酒(jiu)泉(quan)地(di)區滿足火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構比例應該按照2∶1考慮。在河西建(jian)設(she)相應規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),既可以(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)峰能(neng)力(li),也有利于促進(jin)全省(sheng)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。在加快酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮省(sheng)內和周邊省(sheng)份煤炭資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi),努力(li)克服(fu)水資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)短缺(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劣勢(shi),加快河西地(di)區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整(zheng),爭取與(yu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)同(tong)步建(jian)設(she)一批新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目,努力(li)建(jian)設(she)以(yi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)。同(tong)時利用河西地(di)區豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),研究風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)互補(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)性,以(yi)滿足酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰需求為(wei)(wei)契機,努力(li)建(jian)設(she)包括風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di),實現(xian)建(jian)設(she)酒(jiu)泉(quan)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目標。
超前謀劃、爭取政策,以(yi)(yi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力外(wai)送(song)。在(zai)甘肅(su)河西地(di)區風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)及抽水蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站協調(diao)發展,并且實現與新疆哈(ha)密聯網運行的(de)基礎上,實際形成了哈(ha)密—酒泉風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能源基地(di)的(de)特征。有了穩定的(de)大規模電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,西北區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網是(shi)難以(yi)(yi)滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)納(na)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu),必須在(zai)全(quan)國范圍內統一(yi)資源,優化配置。2015年及以(yi)(yi)后風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源裝(zhuang)機容量大幅度增加(jia),僅(jin)靠西北區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網是(shi)難以(yi)(yi)滿足(zu)調(diao)峰能力、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)納(na)等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu),必須爭取實行跨地(di)區在(zai)全(quan)國范圍內的(de)資源優化配置,提出切實可行的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力外(wai)送(song)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規劃。
建立(li)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、規范管(guan)(guan)(guan)理,促進(jin)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)有序發(fa)展。為了適(shi)應風(feng)(feng)電(dian)快速發(fa)展的(de)要求,必須建立(li)適(shi)合大(da)規模風(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)展需要的(de)技(ji)術標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理規范;加強(qiang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)場接入系統(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理,統(tong)一風(feng)(feng)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組技(ji)術標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和風(feng)(feng)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組性能試(shi)驗標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),全面提高風(feng)(feng)電(dian)運行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理水平。
加強研究、攻堅克難,促進風(feng)電科(ke)學發展。利用(yong)酒泉風(feng)電場(chang)(chang)規(gui)模(mo)大、風(feng)電機(ji)組種(zhong)類(lei)齊(qi)全的(de)特點(dian),建(jian)立科(ke)學準確的(de)甘肅風(feng)電場(chang)(chang)數學模(mo)型,與國(guo)內外(wai)高水平(ping)研究機(ji)構、大學廣泛合作,加快酒泉風(feng)電有關的(de)關鍵技術(shu)問題的(de)研究,促進風(feng)電健(jian)康(kang)、科(ke)學發展。