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甌江
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票數:0 #江河河流#
甌江,中國東海獨流入海河流,位于浙江南部,歷史上曾名永寧江、永嘉江、溫江、慎江。發源于龍泉市與慶元縣交界的百山祖西北麓鍋帽尖,自西向東流,貫穿整個浙南山區,流經麗水、溫州等市,干流全長388公里,流域面積18028平方公里,從溫州市流入東海溫州灣。甌江年均徑流量202.7億立方米,水能理論蘊藏量190萬千瓦,可開發裝機容量170萬千瓦,年發電量54億千瓦時。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 浙江(jiang)省(sheng)麗水(shui)市、溫州市
介紹攻略

基本介紹

甌江(jiang)上游(you)是重要的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電開發地區,麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)市被(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)部授為(wei)“中國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電第一(yi)市”。有著名(ming)的(de)緊水(shui)(shui)(shui)灘電站。甌江(jiang)下(xia)游(you)是東(dong)甌古文化中心區域(yu),是浙江(jiang)省(sheng)主(zhu)要工農業經濟區,溫州市電氣機械(xie)及(ji)器材(cai)制造(zao)業、皮(pi)革毛皮(pi)羽毛(絨)及(ji)其制品業、電力熱力的(de)生(sheng)產和(he)供應業、通用(yong)設(she)備(bei)制造(zao)業、紡織服裝服飾業、橡膠塑料(liao)制品業等(deng)6個大類行(xing)業居(ju)浙江(jiang)省(sheng)前列(lie)。流域(yu)內自然環境保護良好(hao),旅游(you)景(jing)點遍布,縉云(yun)仙都、雁蕩山、楠溪江(jiang)、百丈漈-飛云(yun)湖聞名(ming)全國(guo)。被(bei)譽為(wei)太平洋西岸適宜于(yu)人類居(ju)住的(de)區域(yu)之一(yi)。

景點景觀

甌江自溫溪以下為(wei)感潮(chao)河(he)(he)段(duan),至(zhi)岐頭(tou)(tou)角(jiao)長78公里(li)是甌江河(he)(he)口,其(qi)特性(xing)屬山溪性(xing)潮(chao)汐河(he)(he)口。口外因水(shui)(shui)流擴散,泥沙沉積(ji),水(shui)(shui)下三角(jiao)洲前伸,以及口門有大(da)門(黃大(da)岙)、小門、霓(ni)嶼、狀(zhuang)元岙、洞頭(tou)(tou)諸(zhu)島(dao)環(huan)列,使入海水(shui)(shui)流分(fen)股,形(xing)成沙頭(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)、黃大(da)岙水(shui)(shui)道(dao)、重山水(shui)(shui)道(dao)和南水(shui)(shui)道(dao)與外海溝通。

河道情況

魁石至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梅(mei)岙(ao),河(he)長31公里,河(he)寬(kuan)400~700米,河(he)道(dao)較穩(wen)定;梅(mei)岙(ao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)灣,河(he)長32公里,河(he)寬(kuan)500~3000米,平面(mian)形態寬(kuan)窄相間,灘(tan)多水淺,河(he)流(liu)分(fen)汊(cha),河(he)底(di)地形灘(tan)槽(cao)犬牙交錯,河(he)床沖淤多變(bian),航槽(cao)變(bian)遷不定;龍(long)灣至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岐(qi)頭(tou)角,河(he)長15公里,河(he)床迅速拓寬(kuan),盤石以下河(he)道(dao)被靈昆島和溫州淺灘(tan)分(fen)成甌(ou)江南(nan)、北(bei)兩口(kou)(kou)。北(bei)口(kou)(kou)水深,歷(li)來為(wei)主(zhu)汊(cha),河(he)道(dao)穩(wen)定;南(nan)口(kou)(kou)灘(tan)寬(kuan)水淺多沙涂(tu),1964年以來,灘(tan)地逐年淤高。1978~1979年,溫州市曾在南(nan)口(kou)(kou)試(shi)拋(pao)堵壩(ba),壩(ba)頂平均高程(cheng)為(wei)1.36米(吳淞基(ji)面(mian)),后因故(gu)工程(cheng)暫停。

河床質由分選良(liang)好的(de)中沙(sha)和中細沙(sha)組成,中徑(jing)0.2~0.4毫米,大于0.1毫米的(de)占(zhan)80%~95%以上,沿程(cheng)變(bian)化不大。

來水條件

甌(ou)江(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富,洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大。多年(nian)平均年(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為195.5億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(一說甌(ou)江(jiang)年(nian)均徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)202.7億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(最大308.5億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),最小92.8億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi))),青田圩仁站歷史(shi)最大洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為30400立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)每(mei)秒,最枯流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)10.6立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)每(mei)秒,變(bian)幅達2000余倍(bei)。徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)內分(fen)配不均勻,5~9月(yue)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占全年(nian)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的三(san)分(fen)之二。修(xiu)建緊(jin)水灘和石塘電站后,流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有所調節,洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)降低,洪(hong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減少。

甌江(jiang)河口潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)汐(xi)屬淺海不正規半日(ri)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)差大,河口沿程平均(jun)潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)差均(jun)在3米以(yi)上,最大潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)差7.2米(龍灣),但潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)并不大,當(dang)上游為平均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)時,大潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)期龍灣漲潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)平均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)速(su)只有(you)0.7米每秒左(zuo)右,大洪(hong)水下泄時,龍灣無漲潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)流(liu)(liu)(liu),洪(hong)水的造(zao)床作用大于潮(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

來沙條件

甌(ou)江徑流(liu)含沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)小,平(ping)、枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)時水(shui)(shui)色秀麗,清澈(che)見(jian)底。洪水(shui)(shui)期河(he)流(liu)仍攜(xie)帶大(da)量(liang)泥沙(sha)(sha)(sha),水(shui)(shui)體混濁。年(nian)平(ping)均含沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)0.168千克每(mei)立方米,多年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)輸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)總量(liang)196萬噸,最(zui)大(da)年(nian)(1975年(nian))輸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)為536萬噸,最(zui)小年(nian)(1979年(nian))輸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)39.4萬噸。枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)期的(de)輸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)僅(jin)占全年(nian)1%以下,汛期則占全年(nian)總量(liang)的(de)95%,大(da)部(bu)分輸出口外,甌(ou)江平(ping)均每(mei)年(nian)向海洋(yang)輸送泥沙(sha)(sha)(sha)約234萬噸。

海域來沙(sha)(sha)(sha)多(duo),以懸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)為主,其中(zhong)值粒徑(jing)為0.02~0.04毫(hao)米,枯水大潮(chao)(chao)期隨(sui)潮(chao)(chao)挾帶的(de)(de)含(han)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量在2~5千克每立(li)方(fang)米之間,且有含(han)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量隨(sui)上(shang)游徑(jing)流加大而減(jian)小(xiao)的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。洪水期甌江(jiang)河口(kou),實(shi)測含(han)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量資料不多(duo)。甌江(jiang)南口(kou)、北口(kou),一(yi)次漲落潮(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)輸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)量,小(xiao)潮(chao)(chao)達50萬(wan)噸,大潮(chao)(chao)為100萬(wan)噸左右。

河床演變特征

甌江河口河床(chuang)(chuang)季節沖淤(yu)有(you)“洪沖枯淤(yu)”規律,長周期沖淤(yu)則處于相對平衡狀態。河床(chuang)(chuang)變形常通過(guo)溪線橫(heng)向(xiang)擺(bai)動(dong),江心洲(zhou)、邊(bian)灘移動(dong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)及灘洲(zhou)的頻(pin)繁切并來體現。河床(chuang)(chuang)縱向(xiang)也沖淤(yu)多(duo)變,使(shi)航道(dao)水(shui)(shui)深時淺時深,如(ru)1960年(nian)溫(wen)(wen)州老港碼(ma)(ma)頭前沿(yan)水(shui)(shui)深由6米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)淤(yu)淺到(dao)0.5米(mi),嚴重阻礙了溫(wen)(wen)州市(shi)內溫(wen)(wen)州港區和(he)該河口水(shui)(shui)運事業的發(fa)展。經過(guo)1971年(nian)開始的五期甌江河口整治工(gong)程(cheng)的實(shi)施,1984年(nian)溫(wen)(wen)州老港碼(ma)(ma)頭前沿(yan)水(shui)(shui)深由1965年(nian)的0.5米(mi)增深至5米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),楊(yang)府(fu)山(shan)航道(dao)水(shui)(shui)深由1米(mi)增至2.5米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),3000噸級船舶可候(hou)潮出入。

港口航道資源

甌(ou)江(jiang)河口(kou)南北兩岸(an)分布眾多深(shen)(shen)水(shui)岸(an)段,有(you)的(de)已建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)一定規(gui)模的(de)港口(kou),如(ru)溫(wen)州老港區,楊府山港區均已建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)5000噸級碼(ma)頭。甌(ou)江(jiang)口(kou)南岸(an)的(de)龍灣,北岸(an)的(de)七里—黃華均為萬噸級以上的(de)港口(kou)資源區。龍灣岸(an)段一般水(shui)深(shen)(shen)5~10米(mi)(mi),9~12米(mi)(mi)的(de)深(shen)(shen)水(shui)線寬約200米(mi)(mi),長(chang)約1000米(mi)(mi)。七里黃華岸(an)段,沿岸(an)水(shui)深(shen)(shen)10~12米(mi)(mi),寬200余(yu)米(mi)(mi),長(chang)9.4公里,百余(yu)年來(lai)一直穩(wen)定。外海進港航(hang)道(dao)主要有(you)3條,一是(shi)沙頭水(shui)道(dao),水(shui)深(shen)(shen)約3米(mi)(mi),供(gong)3000噸以下船舶進港;二是(shi)黃大岙水(shui)道(dao),水(shui)深(shen)(shen)一般在(zai)5米(mi)(mi)以上,為3000~10000噸級大輪入灣航(hang)道(dao);三是(shi)南水(shui)道(dao),水(shui)深(shen)(shen)1~2米(mi)(mi)左右,供(gong)小船進出。

地理環境

甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)龍(long)泉市,上(shang)游(you)云(yun)(yun)和縣(xian)、青田縣(xian)都在麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市。麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市處浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)西(xi)南浙(zhe)閩兩省(sheng)結合部(bu),以中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘陵地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌為(wei)主,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)西(xi)南向東(dong)(dong)北(bei)傾斜,西(xi)南部(bu)以中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)主,有(you)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘陵和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)以低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)主,間(jian)有(you)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)及河(he)谷(gu)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。全(quan)市土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)17298平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),其(qi)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)88.42%,耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)5.52%,溪(xi)流、道路(lu)、村(cun)莊等(deng)占(zhan)(zhan)6.06%,是(shi)個“九(jiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)半(ban)分田”的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區。本市山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈屬(shu)(shu)武夷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi)(xi)(xi),主要有(you)仙霞嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)、洞(dong)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、括(kuo)蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),呈西(xi)南向東(dong)(dong)北(bei)走(zou)向,分別(bie)延伸西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)、西(xi)南部(bu)和東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)。海(hai)(hai)拔1000米以上(shang)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有(you)3573座,其(qi)中1500米以上(shang)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)244座,龍(long)泉市鳳陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)黃茅尖海(hai)(hai)拔1929米,慶(qing)元縣(xian)百山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)祖海(hai)(hai)拔1856.7米,分別(bie)為(wei)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)第一、第二高峰(feng)。境內(nei)有(you)甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、錢塘(tang)(tang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、飛云(yun)(yun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、靈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、閩江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、交(jiao)溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi),與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈走(zou)向平(ping)行,仙霞嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)是(shi)甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)錢塘(tang)(tang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),洞(dong)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)閩江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、飛云(yun)(yun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和交(jiao)溪(xi)的分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),括(kuo)蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)靈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)。各河(he)流兩岸地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形陡峻(jun),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溪(xi)源(yuan)短流急,河(he)床切割(ge)較(jiao)深,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位暴(bao)漲暴(bao)落(luo),屬(shu)(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溪(xi)性河(he)流,由(you)于(yu)落(luo)差大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力資源(yuan)蘊藏豐(feng)富。甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)全(quan)市第一大江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),發源(yuan)于(yu)慶(qing)元縣(xian)與(yu)龍(long)泉市交(jiao)界的洞(dong)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鍋帽尖西(xi)北(bei)麓,自(zi)西(xi)向東(dong)(dong)蜿蜒過境,干流長(chang)388公里(li)(li),境內(nei)長(chang)316公里(li)(li),流域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)12985.47平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的78%。位于(yu)甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游(you)龍(long)泉溪(xi)的緊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灘電站水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫即仙宮湖(hu),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)43.6平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),是(shi)全(quan)區大的人工湖(hu)泊。屬(shu)(shu)中亞熱帶季風(feng)氣候區,氣候溫和,冬(dong)暖春(chun)早,無霜期長(chang),雨量豐(feng)沛。

麗(li)水(shui)歷史悠久(jiu),據考古(gu)發現,早(zao)在4000多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前就有人類(lei)活動。隋(sui)朝開皇九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)589年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建處州,1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月解(jie)放后,10月設(she)(she)麗(li)水(shui)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),各縣(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)別劃入溫州、金華、衢州專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管轄。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月恢復(fu)麗(li)水(shui)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),轄麗(li)水(shui)、青田(tian)、縉(jin)云(yun)(yun)、遂(sui)昌、云(yun)(yun)和、龍(long)泉6縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)改稱麗(li)水(shui)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)設(she)(she)立(li)麗(li)水(shui)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)行(xing)政公(gong)署。其中(zhong):1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)恢復(fu)慶(qing)元(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)恢復(fu)松(song)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian),1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)設(she)(she)立(li)景寧畬族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian),1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)麗(li)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),設(she)(she)立(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)級麗(li)水(shui)市(shi)(shi),1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)龍(long)泉縣(xian)(xian)(xian),設(she)(she)立(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)級龍(long)泉市(shi)(shi),2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)級麗(li)水(shui)市(shi)(shi),設(she)(she)立(li)蓮都區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月19日撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)行(xing)署建制(zhi),設(she)(she)麗(li)水(shui)市(shi)(shi),轄蓮都區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍(long)泉市(shi)(shi)和青田(tian)、縉(jin)云(yun)(yun)、云(yun)(yun)和、慶(qing)元(yuan)、遂(sui)昌、松(song)陽、景寧7縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)自然資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)比較豐富,生態環境(jing)優越,被(bei)(bei)譽為“浙江綠谷”。生態環境(jing)質量全(quan)省第一、全(quan)國前列(lie),生態環境(jing)質量公眾滿意度繼續位居(ju)全(quan)省首(shou)位。麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)分(fen)豐富,全(quan)市(shi)可供開發常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)327.8萬(wan)千瓦,約(yue)占浙江省可開發量40%。2004年(nian)(nian),景寧縣被(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利部授(shou)予(yu)“中(zhong)國農村(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)之鄉”稱號。2006年(nian)(nian)11月,麗水(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)被(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利部授(shou)為“中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)第一市(shi)”。至2007年(nian)(nian)底,小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(5萬(wan)千瓦以(yi)下(xia))裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機總容(rong)量122.59萬(wan)千瓦,成為全(quan)省乃(nai)至全(quan)國首(shou)個實現(xian)超百萬(wan)小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機的(de)地級市(shi)。全(quan)市(shi)各縣(市(shi)、區(qu))均實現(xian)農村(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)電(dian)氣(qi)化。

境內有(you)(you)諸多旅(lv)(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點,全市(shi)有(you)(you)對外開(kai)放旅(lv)(lv)游(you)點68個(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家AAAA級(ji)(ji)(ji)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)12家,分別是(shi)(shi)蓮都(dou)(dou)東西(xi)巖風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉山(shan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)青田(tian)石雕文(wen)(wen)化旅(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、青田(tian)石門洞、縉云(yun)(yun)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou)(dou)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、縉云(yun)(yun)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)南(nan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)巖景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)金礦國(guo)(guo)(guo)家礦山(shan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)縣神龍(long)(long)(long)(long)飛瀑景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)千佛(fo)山(shan)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)畬(yu)鄉之窗(chuang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)寧(ning)云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)大(da)(da)漈;AAA級(ji)(ji)(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)7家。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)縉云(yun)(yun)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou)(dou)以山(shan)地峰(feng)巖景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀著稱,省級(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)麗水(shui)南(nan)明山(shan)——東西(xi)巖、景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)寧(ning)大(da)(da)漈、青田(tian)石門洞、松陽“箬(ruo)寮(liao)—安岱后”和慶(qing)元(yuan)“雙苗尖(jian)(jian)(jian)—月(yue)山(shan)”等5個(ge),市(shi)、縣(市(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))級(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)南(nan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)巖、松陽雙童積雪等。風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內不僅廣布(bu)奇(qi)峰(feng)、異洞、幽(you)谷、流泉,還有(you)(you)眾多的摩崖題刻、古建(jian)筑群、宗教寺觀等人文(wen)(wen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀。全市(shi)建(jian)有(you)(you)各級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(含自然保(bao)(bao)護小區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))83個(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)森(sen)林(lin)生態系統(tong)類型的有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉鳳陽山(shan)——慶(qing)元(yuan)百山(shan)祖、遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan),省級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)寧(ning)望東垟高山(shan)濕地,以及(ji)縣級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)松陽箬(ruo)寮(liao)峴。建(jian)有(you)(you)省級(ji)(ji)(ji)以上森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)11個(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)省級(ji)(ji)(ji)森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)蓮都(dou)(dou)白云(yun)(yun)山(shan)、大(da)(da)山(shan)峰(feng),云(yun)(yun)和仙(xian)(xian)(xian)宮湖(hu)(hu),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)淵,景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)寧(ning)草魚塘,縉云(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)洋山(shan)、括(kuo)蒼(cang)山(shan),慶(qing)元(yuan)巾(jin)子(zi)峰(feng)8個(ge);國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)(ji)森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)昌(chang)、青田(tian)石門洞、松陽卯山(shan)3個(ge)。甌(ou)江(jiang)流域人工湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)眾多,景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀如(ru)(ru)同天(tian)成(cheng)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)宮湖(hu)(hu),周圍有(you)(you)“夏洞天(tian)”、“八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)洞”、“九(jiu)潭(tan)十八(ba)灣”等景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀;灘坑水(shui)庫(ku)(千峽(xia)(xia)湖(hu)(hu))擁有(you)(you)千峽(xia)(xia)環(huan)湖(hu)(hu)的壯麗景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)象(xiang),給(gei)人無限遐想,是(shi)(shi)麗水(shui)又一個(ge)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)如(ru)(ru)畫、休閑旅(lv)(lv)游(you)場所(suo)。

中下(xia)游在溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)境(jing)內(nei),包括永嘉縣、甌(ou)(ou)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、鹿城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍灣區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)于浙江(jiang)(jiang)省東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部,東(dong)(dong)瀕東(dong)(dong)海(hai),南(nan)毗福建(jian),西(xi)及西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部與(yu)麗水(shui)市(shi)相連,北(bei)(bei)和東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部與(yu)臺州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)接(jie)壤(rang)。市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(鹿城(cheng)(cheng)、龍灣和甌(ou)(ou)海(hai)三個(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu))面(mian)(mian)積1187平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)勢(shi),從(cong)西(xi)南(nan)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)呈現梯(ti)形傾斜。綿亙(gen)有(you)(you)洞宮、括蒼(cang)、雁蕩(dang)諸山(shan)(shan)脈(mo),泰順(shun)的(de)(de)白(bai)云尖,海(hai)拔1611米,為(wei)(wei)全市(shi)最高(gao)峰(feng)。東(dong)(dong)部平(ping)原地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),人工河(he)道縱橫交(jiao)錯(cuo)。主要水(shui)系有(you)(you)甌(ou)(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)、飛(fei)云江(jiang)(jiang)、螯江(jiang)(jiang),境(jing)內(nei)大(da)小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)150余條。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)陸地(di)(di)海(hai)岸線(xian)長355公(gong)(gong)里(li),有(you)(you)島嶼436個(ge)。海(hai)岸線(xian)曲折,形成磐石等(deng)天然(ran)良港。為(wei)(wei)中亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣候區(qu)(qu)(qu),冬夏(xia)(xia)季風(feng)交(jiao)替顯著(zhu)(zhu),溫(wen)度適中,四(si)(si)季分(fen)明,雨量充沛(pei)。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)港現有(you)(you)生產性泊位(wei)55個(ge),其中萬(wan)噸級以上(shang)深水(shui)泊位(wei)7個(ge),洞頭、樂清灣等(deng)天然(ran)深水(shui)良港開發前景(jing)很好(hao),可(ke)建(jian)20萬(wan)噸級碼頭泊位(wei)10個(ge)。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou),文(wen)化燦爛(lan)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)甌(ou)(ou)名鎮,公(gong)(gong)元前192年是東(dong)(dong)甌(ou)(ou)王騶(zou)搖的(de)(de)都地(di)(di)。公(gong)(gong)元323年建(jian)郡,為(wei)(wei)永嘉郡,傳(chuan)說建(jian)郡城(cheng)(cheng)時有(you)(you)白(bai)鹿銜花繞城(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)周,故(gu)名鹿城(cheng)(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)元675年始稱溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)。歷(li)史上(shang)以手工業(ye)(ye)發達(da)著(zhu)(zhu)稱,是青(qing)瓷發源地(di)(di)之一(yi),造紙、造船、絲(si)綢、繡品(pin)(pin)、漆器、鞋(xie)革(ge)等(deng)在我(wo)國(guo)歷(li)史上(shang)均有(you)(you)一(yi)定地(di)(di)位(wei)。南(nan)宋(song)時被辟為(wei)(wei)對外通商口岸,有(you)(you)“一(yi)片(pian)繁榮海(hai)上(shang)頭,從(cong)來喚作(zuo)小(xiao)杭州(zhou)(zhou)”之稱。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)是南(nan)戲故(gu)鄉,14世紀中葉(xie)溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)著(zhu)(zhu)名劇作(zuo)家(jia)高(gao)明的(de)(de)《琵琶記(ji)》被譯為(wei)(wei)多(duo)國(guo)文(wen)字,在世界上(shang)廣為(wei)(wei)流(liu)傳(chuan)。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)人杰地(di)(di)靈(ling),代(dai)有(you)(you)名家(jia),南(nan)宋(song)時以葉(xie)適為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)永嘉學(xue)派和以“永嘉四(si)(si)靈(ling)”為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)湖詩派,近(jin)現代(dai)的(de)(de)孫詒讓、夏(xia)(xia)鼐、夏(xia)(xia)承燾、蘇步青(qing)等(deng),在我(wo)國(guo)思想史、文(wen)學(xue)史、科學(xue)史上(shang)都具有(you)(you)重(zhong)大(da)影響。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史悠久,有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)文(wen)化遺存(cun)。甌(ou)(ou)越文(wen)化、山(shan)(shan)水(shui)文(wen)化、民族文(wen)化等(deng)源遠流(liu)長。電(dian)氣機械及器材制造業(ye)(ye)、皮革(ge)毛(mao)皮羽毛(mao)(絨)及其制品(pin)(pin)業(ye)(ye)、電(dian)力熱力的(de)(de)生產和供應業(ye)(ye)、通用設備制造業(ye)(ye)、紡織服(fu)裝服(fu)飾業(ye)(ye)、橡(xiang)膠(jiao)塑(su)料制品(pin)(pin)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)6個(ge)大(da)類行業(ye)(ye)年產值(zhi)超過(guo)200億元。溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou),素有(you)(you)“東(dong)(dong)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)甲天下(xia)”之美(mei)譽(yu),境(jing)內(nei)名山(shan)(shan)秀(xiu)水(shui)眾多(duo),風(feng)光旖旎。國(guo)家(jia)級重(zhong)點風(feng)景(jing)名勝區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)雁蕩(dang)山(shan)(shan)、楠溪(xi)(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)、百丈(zhang)漈(ji)-飛(fei)云湖;國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)烏巖嶺(ling)、南(nan)麂(ji)島;省級風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)仙巖、瑤溪(xi)(xi)、澤雅、濱海(hai)玉蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)、洞頭、寨寮溪(xi)(xi)、百丈(zhang)漈(ji)等(deng)9處(chu),還(huan)有(you)(you)茶山(shan)(shan)、岷崗、天柱寺等(deng)12個(ge)市(shi)級景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和11處(chu)縣級景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)陸域(yu)總面(mian)(mian)積達(da)2279平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),占全市(shi)陸域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積20%。全市(shi)還(huan)有(you)(you)5個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)級森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園,8個(ge)省級森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園。是太平(ping)洋(yang)西(xi)岸適宜于人類居住的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)之一(yi)。

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