禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)位于(yu)中(zhong)原腹地,因帝舜時大(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)治(zhi)水有(you)功(gong),冊封于(yu)此而得名,大(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子啟在這(zhe)里(li)建立了(le)中(zhong)國第一(yi)個奴隸制王朝,故有(you)華夏第一(yi)都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)譽。戰國時期改為陽翟,金、元(yuan)為鈞州(zhou),明清后遂稱(cheng)為禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)。素(su)有(you)“中(zhong)華藥城(cheng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)河(he)南(nan)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou),是我國醫(yi)藥發祥地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)具有(you)悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)中(zhong)藥材種(zhong)植、采集、加工(gong)歷(li)史,以加工(gong)精良、遵古炮(pao)制著(zhu)稱(cheng)于(yu)世。歷(li)史上就有(you)“藥不到禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)不香,醫(yi)不見藥王不妙”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說。
禹(yu)(yu)州市(shi)地處豫東(dong)(dong)平(ping)原過渡地帶(dai),人口(kou)120萬(wan),轄8鎮,14個(ge)(ge)鄉,4個(ge)(ge)辦事處。其地勢(shi)西(xi)北面群山環繞,崗巒起(qi)(qi)伏(fu),礦(kuang)藏(zang)資源豐富(fu),東(dong)(dong)南側(ce)百里平(ping)原,一(yi)望無跡。盛產(chan)動、植(zhi)、礦(kuang)物藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)1084種(zhong)(zhong),蘊藏(zang)量1200萬(wan)公斤。其中:國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)普(pu)查的(de)363個(ge)(ge)品種(zhong)(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)州就有147個(ge)(ge),占(zhan)40%;全(quan)省統一(yi)普(pu)查的(de)351個(ge)(ge)品種(zhong)(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)州有225個(ge)(ge),占(zhan)64%。秦朝著(zhu)名(ming)商賈呂(lv)不韋靠販賣珠寶(bao)及瑪瑙、珊瑚、琥珀(po)、珍珠等(deng)(deng)主要藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)起(qi)(qi)家(jia),最終登上秦朝相位。唐(tang)朝藥(yao)(yao)王(wang)(wang)孫思邈曾(ceng)(ceng)長期游(you)居(ju)禹(yu)(yu)州,行(xing)醫采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao),著(zhu)書立說,死(si)后,禹(yu)(yu)州人民(min)在西(xi)關購地四畝,建“藥(yao)(yao)王(wang)(wang)閣”永久(jiu)紀念。宋仁宗(zong)年(nian)間,陽翟古城寺以東(dong)(dong)盛產(chan)白芷、南星、菊花(hua)、薏米等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai),時任河南主薄(bo)的(de)著(zhu)名(ming)詩人梅堯臣游(you)覽禹(yu)(yu)州,正值春和景(jing)明,翅花(hua)盛開(kai)之(zhi)際(ji),不禁(jin)詩興大(da)發,遂作詩一(yi)首(shou):“云(yun)外(wai)陽翟山,實與嵩少接(jie),山中采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao)人,能自辨苗葉,當須刨其根,以道素(su)所愜”。元(yuan)世祖(zu)至(zhi)元(yuan)一(yi)年(nian)(1264年(nian)),禹(yu)(yu)州已(yi)成為(wei)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)匯(hui)集之(zhi)區,填滿街市(shi),猶如糞土,故農家(jia)深山大(da)壑采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao)者往來(lai)不絕。明洪武元(yuan)年(nian)(1368年(nian)),朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)曾(ceng)(ceng)詔(zhao)令全(quan)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)商來(lai)禹(yu)(yu)集結,每(mei)年(nian)春、秋(qiu)、冬三個(ge)(ge)會(hui)期。“內而(er)全(quan)國(guo)22省、外(wai)越(yue)西(xi)洋(yang)、南洋(yang)、東(dong)(dong)極(ji)高麗、北際(ji)庫(ku)倫,皆(jie)每(mei)車節轉而(er)至(zhi),真可(ke)謂無街不藥(yao)(yao)行(xing),處處聞藥(yao)(yao)香”。長期的(de)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)交易,逐漸產(chan)生了以經營類別或區域(yu)性(xing)質劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)的(de)藥(yao)(yao)行(xing)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、藥(yao)(yao)棚幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、甘草(cao)(cao)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、黨參(can)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、江西(xi)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、山西(xi)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、陜西(xi)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、祁州幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、商城幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、亳(bo)州幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、金陵幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)等(deng)(deng)18個(ge)(ge)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)會(hui)組織,繼(ji)而(er)形(xing)成禹(yu)(yu)州獨特(te)的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)文化。明代(dai)(dai)周定(ding)王(wang)(wang)朱木蕭(xiao)到禹(yu)(yu)州考察采(cai)(cai)集標本,于1406年(nian)撰寫(xie)的(de)《救荒(huang)本草(cao)(cao)》共列可(ke)救荒(huang)植(zhi)物414種(zhong)(zhong)。著(zhu)有《普(pu)濟方》168卷,收(shou)載醫方61709個(ge)(ge),為(wei)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)醫方之(zhi)最,在劇(ju)毒藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)處理上,采(cai)(cai)取吸附(fu)分(fen)(fen)離(li)技術等(deng)(deng)都具有極(ji)高的(de)科學價值。清代(dai)(dai)禹(yu)(yu)州的(de)“保光清涼散”、“九天阿膠”相繼(ji)問世,行(xing)銷全(quan)國(guo),頗享盛譽。繼(ji)之(zhi)開(kai)業(ye)的(de)名(ming)店藥(yao)(yao)堂趙隆(long)太,加工炮制的(de)“九蒸(zheng)九制大(da)熟地”于宣統三年(nian)在德國(guo)柏林舉辦的(de)“萬(wan)國(guo)博覽會(hui)”上參(can)展。
禹(yu)(yu)州的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷史悠久,明嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間,已種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)名貴地道藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)45種(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)白芷、禹(yu)(yu)南星、禹(yu)(yu)白附已列入李時珍的(de)《本(ben)草綱目(mu)》。解放后(hou),中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產有較大發(fa)展,1969年(nian)(nian)全市出現200多(duo)個(ge)藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)村。1985年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)交流大會重新恢復,推動了中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業發(fa)展。2000年(nian)(nian)落實種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積5萬畝,年(nian)(nian)產藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)2500萬公斤(jin),建立種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)示范村78個(ge),發(fa)展種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)示范戶2000個(ge),連片示范田36個(ge)。
自(zi)春秋戰國(guo)以(yi)來,神醫(yi)扁鵲、醫(yi)圣張仲景(jing)、藥(yao)(yao)王孫思邈等都曾在(zai)禹(yu)行(xing)醫(yi)采藥(yao)(yao)、著(zhu)書立說(shuo)。在(zai)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接影響下,禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)也得(de)到大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,從(cong)唐朝開始禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)逐(zhu)步形成,伴隨著(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步發展和繁榮,明朝時期,禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)就成為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)四(si)大(da)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)集散(san)地(di)(di)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。1996年(nian)(nian),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)被國(guo)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)、衛生(sheng)部、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)工商行(xing)政(zheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)十(shi)七個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),河(he)南(nan)省唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)定(ding)點藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。二(er)00一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)兩億(yi)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)新(xin)建(jian)了現(xian)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)南(nan)禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(又稱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng))。該市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)十(shi)七家(jia)(jia)標準化(hua)、規范化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),也是(shi)河(he)南(nan)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級定(ding)點中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng)占地(di)(di)面(mian)積四(si)百(bai)余畝,包括建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積兩萬(wan)(wan)三(san)千(qian)平(ping)(ping)方米、可(ke)容(rong)納(na)兩千(qian)五百(bai)個攤位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)大(da)廳(ting),以(yi)及兩千(qian)余間(jian)三(san)層(ceng)以(yi)上經(jing)商樓,并附屬倉儲、銀(yin)行(xing)、飯(fan)店、停(ting)車(che)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、娛樂(le)場(chang)(chang)(chang)等各種服務設(she)施(shi),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)所集物(wu)流、信息、金(jin)融等為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型現(xian)代化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)營品種上千(qian)種,固定(ding)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)上萬(wan)(wan)人(ren),年(nian)(nian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)額達十(shi)億(yi)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)。位(wei)(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)位(wei)(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)大(da)廳(ting),由河(he)南(nan)宋(song)基投(tou)資(zi)(zi)公(gong)司獨資(zi)(zi)興建(jian),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)委員(yuan)會實行(xing)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)施(shi)。它(ta)占地(di)(di)三(san)十(shi)畝,分上下兩層(ceng),層(ceng)高八(ba)米。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采用柜臺(tai)陳(chen)列式經(jing)營。三(san)平(ping)(ping)方米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攤位(wei)(wei)售價約為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)(wan)五千(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性付清的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)獲贈交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)柜臺(tai)。租(zu)(zu)用該攤位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)租(zu)(zu)金(jin)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)需兩千(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)左右(you)。對于(yu)購買(mai)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)大(da)廳(ting)攤位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)買(mai)主(zhu),由政(zheng)府有(you)關部門(men)(men)辦理(li)(li)(li)權(quan)屬證明,擁有(you)對攤位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出讓權(quan)、出租(zu)(zu)權(quan)、繼(ji)承(cheng)權(quan)、抵押權(quan)。整個大(da)廳(ting)寬敞、明亮、整潔、有(you)序(xu),是(shi)八(ba)方客商云集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)所。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)內二(er)間(jian)三(san)層(ceng)(其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)面(mian)房(fang)八(ba)十(shi)四(si)平(ping)(ping)方,共計二(er)百(bai)三(san)十(shi)余平(ping)(ping)方)經(jing)商樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)租(zu)(zu)金(jin)為(wei)(wei)七千(qian)五百(bai)至(zhi)八(ba)千(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi);三(san)間(jian)三(san)層(ceng)(其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)面(mian)房(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)六平(ping)(ping)方,共計三(san)百(bai)七十(shi)余平(ping)(ping)方)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)租(zu)(zu)金(jin)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)。
禹州(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)17家標準化、規范化的國(guo)家級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材專業市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)之一(yi)(yi),也是(shi)河(he)南唯一(yi)(yi)的國(guo)家級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材專業市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。2001年(nian)底,擁有藥(yao)(yao)商320家,從業人(ren)員2000余人(ren),上(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)品種(zhong)2600種(zhong),年(nian)成交(jiao)額3億元。為進一(yi)(yi)步繁榮市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang),振興藥(yao)(yao)業經濟騰飛,1998年(nian),禹州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)政府決定,進行中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)二期工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she),用(yong)2年(nian)左右時(shi)間,建(jian)成一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)大(da)型現代化的“禹州(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)華藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng)”。全(quan)部工(gong)程(cheng)已經結束。該藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng)占(zhan)地300畝,其中(zhong)(zhong):中(zhong)(zhong)心交(jiao)易大(da)廳(ting)建(jian)筑面積2萬平方米,可(ke)(ke)容納攤位5000個(ge),三層以上(shang)(shang)經商樓2000間,抽入使(shi)用(yong)后,預計(ji)年(nian)交(jiao)易額可(ke)(ke)達(da)10億元。
為適應中藥材(cai)市(shi)場發展的(de)需(xu)要,中華藥城交易大(da)(da)廳正在重新改造和(he)定位。改造后的(de)交易大(da)(da)廳將設立(li)河南省唯一經國家授權,按GSP標準經營中藥飲片(pian)的(de)法(fa)定場所(suo)。
禹州中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)市場(chang)擁(yong)有全(quan)國各地藥(yao)商六百多(duo)家(jia)。同時,在市場(chang)周邊(bian)聚集(ji)著許多(duo)內(nei)地知名中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成藥(yao)廠家(jia),市場(chang)經營的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)達上千種(zhong),以批發為主,兼顧零售,主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)現金交易。由(you)于依托周邊(bian)鄉鎮三十(shi)余萬(wan)畝(mu)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)基地,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華藥(yao)城的(de)藥(yao)材(cai)價廉物美(mei),在國內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)市場(chang)上占有重要(yao)(yao)份額,頗受商家(jia)青(qing)睞(lai)。