花(hua)葉開唇蘭:生(sheng)于闊葉林下陰(yin)濕處。分布(bu)于西(xi)南(nan)及浙江、福建、廣東、海南(nan)、廣西(xi)等地。
金線蘭:生于海拔200-1400m的常綠闊葉林或竹(zhu)林下枯(ku)枝落葉陰濕處。分布于福(fu)建、臺灣等(deng)地(di)。
花(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開唇蘭(lan):陸生(sheng)植物,高10-18cm。根(gen)莖匍匐,伸長。葉(xie)互生(sheng),莖下部具2-4葉(xie);葉(xie)柄(bing)長4-10mm,基部擴展抱(bao)莖;基部呈鞘(qiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang);葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長1.5-3.5cm,寬(kuan)(kuan)1-3cm,先端(duan)急尖(jian)(jian),基部圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),上面黑(hei)紫(zi)色(se)有(you)金黃色(se)脈網,下面帶淡(dan)(dan)紫(zi)紅色(se),弧形(xing)(xing)脈5-7條。總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu),疏生(sheng)2-6朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸被柔(rou)毛;花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),淡(dan)(dan)紫(zi)色(se),長6-8mm,約為子(zi)房長的2/3,先端(duan)尾尖(jian)(jian);花(hua)(hua)淡(dan)(dan)紫(zi)色(se),外面被短柔(rou)毛;中萼(e)片(pian)(pian)卵形(xing)(xing),向內(nei)凹陷(xian),長6mm,先端(duan)鈍(dun);側萼(e)片(pian)(pian)長圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),稍(shao)偏斜,較(jiao)長而稍(shao)狹,先端(duan)稍(shao)尖(jian)(jian),花(hua)(hua)瓣近鐮刀形(xing)(xing),短于萼(e)片(pian)(pian)并和(he)中萼(e)片(pian)(pian)靠(kao)合成兜;唇瓣2裂,呈“丫(ya)”字(zi)形(xing)(xing),裂片(pian)(pian)舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)條形(xing)(xing),先端(duan)鈍(dun),長約6mm,寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5mm,爪長5mm,兩側各具6條流蘇狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)細條,基部具距,距長6-7mm,末端(duan)指向唇瓣,中部生(sheng)有(you)胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)期9-10月。
金線蘭:陸生(sheng)植物,高4-10cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,長(chang)(chang)達4-5cm。葉互生(sheng),具(ju)柄(bing),基部(bu)擴展抱莖(jing);葉片卵形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)急尖(jian),基部(bu)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),上面(mian)有(you)細小鱗片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)脈(mo)網,有(you)光澤(ze),下面(mian)暗紅色(se)。弧形(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條(tiao)(tiao),幼(you)葉葉脈(mo)為金黃(huang)色(se),老(lao)葉葉脈(mo)呈(cheng)橙紅色(se)。總(zong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花序,具(ju)2-3朵(duo)花,花苞片卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1cm;花淡紅色(se),中萼(e)片圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)急尖(jian),外(wai)面(mian)被長(chang)(chang)硬毛(mao),內(nei)面(mian)無毛(mao),極凹,與花瓣粘(zhan)合成盔,長(chang)(chang)7mm;側萼(e)片卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),極偏(pian)斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)8mm,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)急尖(jian),外(wai)面(mian)被長(chang)(chang)硬毛(mao),內(nei)面(mian)無毛(mao);花瓣半(ban)卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),極偏(pian)斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)9mm,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)急尖(jian);唇瓣深2裂,呈(cheng)“丫(ya)”字形(xing)(xing),裂片狹長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)鈍,長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)5mm,寬0.3mm,爪長(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩(liang)側具(ju)流蘇狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)細條(tiao)(tiao),距長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)4mm,基部(bu)前方生(sheng)有(you)2個胼胝體。花期8-9月(yue),果期9-10月(yue)。
藥(yao)理研究顯示(shi)有保肝、抗炎,鎮痛和鎮靜等作用。
現代研究
現(xian)代臨床用于治療肺(fei)結核(he)咯(ge)血(xue),糖尿(niao)病,支氣(qi)管擴張咯(ge)血(xue),風濕病,類風濕病和泌(mi)尿(niao)道(dao)結石等。
入肺(fei)、肝、腎、膀胱四經。
清熱涼血,除濕解毒。
肺熱咳嗽,肺結核咯(ge)血,尿血,小兒驚風,破傷(shang)風,腎(shen)炎水腫,風濕(shi)痹痛,跌(die)打損傷(shang),毒蛇咬傷(shang)。
1.治(zhi)風濕及類風濕性關節炎:金(jin)線蘭30g,同(tong)豬肉(切勿帶骨)120g燉熟,沖入黃酒適(shi)量(liang)。每日(ri)服(fu)1-2次。分2d服(fu)完。(《全國中(zhong)草(cao)藥匯編》)
2.治(zhi)小兒急(ji)驚風:金線蓮3-9g,八角蓮3g。水(shui)煎服。(《福建藥(yao)物志》)
內服:煎(jian)湯,9-15g。外用:適量,鮮品搗敷。