花葉開唇蘭:生于(yu)闊(kuo)葉林下陰濕處。分布于(yu)西南(nan)及(ji)浙江、福建(jian)、廣東、海南(nan)、廣西等地。
金線蘭(lan):生于(yu)海(hai)拔200-1400m的常綠(lv)闊葉林或竹(zhu)林下枯(ku)枝落葉陰濕處。分布于(yu)福建、臺灣(wan)等地。
花(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開(kai)唇(chun)蘭:陸生(sheng)植物,高(gao)10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍(pu)匐,伸長(chang)。葉(xie)互(hu)生(sheng),莖(jing)下部具2-4葉(xie);葉(xie)柄長(chang)4-10mm,基(ji)(ji)部擴(kuo)展抱莖(jing);基(ji)(ji)部呈鞘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang);葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬(kuan)1-3cm,先(xian)(xian)(xian)端急尖,基(ji)(ji)部圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面黑(hei)紫色(se)有金黃(huang)色(se)脈網,下面帶(dai)淡(dan)紫紅色(se),弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)脈5-7條(tiao)。總(zong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu),疏生(sheng)2-6朵(duo)花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸被柔毛;花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),淡(dan)紫色(se),長(chang)6-8mm,約為(wei)子(zi)房長(chang)的(de)2/3,先(xian)(xian)(xian)端尾尖;花(hua)(hua)淡(dan)紫色(se),外面被短柔毛;中(zhong)萼(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),向(xiang)(xiang)內凹陷(xian),長(chang)6mm,先(xian)(xian)(xian)端鈍;側萼(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)長(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),稍(shao)偏斜,較長(chang)而(er)稍(shao)狹,先(xian)(xian)(xian)端稍(shao)尖,花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)近鐮刀形(xing)(xing)(xing),短于(yu)萼(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)并和中(zhong)萼(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)靠合成兜(dou);唇(chun)瓣(ban)2裂,呈“丫”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing),裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)(xian)端鈍,長(chang)約6mm,寬(kuan)1.5mm,爪長(chang)5mm,兩側各具6條(tiao)流蘇(su)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)細條(tiao),基(ji)(ji)部具距,距長(chang)6-7mm,末端指(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)唇(chun)瓣(ban),中(zhong)部生(sheng)有胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)期9-10月。
金線(xian)蘭(lan):陸生植物,高4-10cm。根莖匍匐,長(chang)(chang)(chang)達4-5cm。葉(xie)(xie)互生,具(ju)柄(bing),基部(bu)擴展抱莖;葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先端急(ji)尖,基部(bu)圓形(xing),上面(mian)(mian)有細小鱗片(pian)(pian)(pian)狀(zhuang)脈網,有光(guang)澤,下(xia)面(mian)(mian)暗紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)。弧形(xing)脈5-7條,幼葉(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)脈為金黃(huang)色(se)(se),老葉(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)脈呈橙(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)。總狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序,具(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約1cm;花(hua)(hua)淡紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se),中萼(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)圓形(xing),先端急(ji)尖,外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛,內面(mian)(mian)無毛,極(ji)凹,與花(hua)(hua)瓣粘合成盔,長(chang)(chang)(chang)7mm;側(ce)萼(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing),極(ji)偏斜,長(chang)(chang)(chang)8mm,先端急(ji)尖,外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)硬毛,內面(mian)(mian)無毛;花(hua)(hua)瓣半卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing),極(ji)偏斜,長(chang)(chang)(chang)9mm,先端急(ji)尖;唇瓣深(shen)2裂,呈“丫(ya)”字形(xing),裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)狹長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing),先端鈍(dun),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約5mm,寬0.3mm,爪長(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩(liang)側(ce)具(ju)流蘇狀(zhuang)細條,距長(chang)(chang)(chang)約4mm,基部(bu)前方生有2個胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)期8-9月(yue),果期9-10月(yue)。
藥理研究顯示有保肝(gan)、抗炎(yan),鎮痛(tong)和鎮靜等作用(yong)。
現代研究
現代臨床用于治療肺(fei)結核(he)咯血,糖尿病(bing)(bing),支氣管擴張咯血,風(feng)濕病(bing)(bing),類風(feng)濕病(bing)(bing)和(he)泌(mi)尿道結石等。
入肺、肝(gan)、腎、膀胱(guang)四經。
清熱(re)涼血,除(chu)濕解(jie)毒(du)。
肺(fei)熱咳嗽,肺(fei)結核(he)咯血,尿血,小(xiao)兒驚風,破(po)傷風,腎炎水腫,風濕痹痛,跌打(da)損傷,毒(du)蛇咬傷。
1.治(zhi)風濕(shi)及類風濕(shi)性關節(jie)炎(yan):金(jin)線蘭30g,同豬肉(rou)(切勿帶骨)120g燉熟,沖(chong)入(ru)黃酒適(shi)量。每日服(fu)1-2次。分2d服(fu)完。(《全(quan)國(guo)中草藥匯(hui)編》)
2.治小兒(er)急驚風:金線蓮(lian)3-9g,八角(jiao)蓮(lian)3g。水煎服。(《福建藥物志》)
內服:煎湯,9-15g。外(wai)用:適量,鮮品搗敷。