生于海拔2600-3500米的灌叢中或開(kai)曠疏林(lin)中。產(chan)中國四川西南(nan)(nan)部和云南(nan)(nan)西北部。模(mo)式標(biao)本采自(zi)云南(nan)(nan)麗江。
麗江杓蘭植株(zhu)高約10厘米(mi),具(ju)(ju)粗壯、較短的根狀莖。莖直立(li),長3-7厘米(mi),包藏于2枚(mei)(mei)筒(tong)狀鞘之內,頂端(duan)具(ju)(ju)2枚(mei)(mei)葉(xie)。葉(xie)近對生,鋪地(di);葉(xie)片卵形、倒卵形至近圓(yuan)形,長8.5-19厘米(mi),寬7-16厘米(mi),先端(duan)鈍或具(ju)(ju)短尖(jian)頭,上面暗綠色(se)并具(ju)(ju)紫(zi)黑色(se)斑點,有時還具(ju)(ju)紫(zi)色(se)邊緣。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)頂生,具(ju)1花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)柄(bing)長(chang)4-7厘(li)米(mi),無毛(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)不存(cun)在(zai);子房長(chang)1.2-1.8厘(li)米(mi),通常彎曲,無毛(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)甚美麗,較(jiao)大;萼片(pian)暗黃色而(er)有(you)濃密的紅(hong)肝(gan)色斑(ban)點或(huo)完(wan)全紅(hong)肝(gan)色,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣與唇瓣暗黃色而(er)有(you)略(lve)疏(shu)的紅(hong)肝(gan)色斑(ban)點;中萼片(pian)卵(luan)形(xing)或(huo)寬卵(luan)形(xing),長(chang)4.2-7厘(li)米(mi),寬3.8-6厘(li)米(mi),先端(duan)急(ji)尖,邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)有(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)毛(mao)(mao);合(he)萼片(pian)橢圓形(xing),長(chang)3.5-5.6厘(li)米(mi),寬2-3.6厘(li)米(mi),先端(duan)略(lve)有(you)2齒,邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)亦有(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)毛(mao)(mao)。
花瓣(ban)斜長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),內彎而圍抱唇瓣(ban),長(chang)4-6.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬1.4-2.1厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),先端急尖,背(bei)面(mian)上側(ce)有短柔毛(mao),邊緣(yuan)有緣(yuan)毛(mao);唇瓣(ban)深囊狀(zhuang),近(jin)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),腹背(bei)壓扁(bian),長(chang)3.3-4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),囊的前方表面(mian)有乳(ru)頭(tou)狀(zhuang)突(tu)起但無(wu)小疣;退化雄蕊近(jin)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),長(chang)1.3-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),上面(mian)有乳(ru)頭(tou)狀(zhuang)突(tu)起。花期5-7月(yue)。
蘭花(hua)(hua)一(yi)般生長(chang)在(zai)深山幽(you)谷的(de)(de)山腰谷壁,透水(shui)和保水(shui)性(xing)良好(hao)的(de)(de)傾斜山坡(po)或(huo)石隙,稀(xi)疏的(de)(de)山草旁,次生雜(za)木林陰下。或(huo)有遮陰,日照時間短或(huo)只有星散漏光(guang)的(de)(de)地(di)方。空(kong)氣(qi)濕度大且空(kong)氣(qi)能流通的(de)(de)地(di)方,有時也生于山溪(xi)邊峭壁之上。蘭花(hua)(hua)宜種(zhong)植于空(kong)氣(qi)流通的(de)(de)環(huan)境。性(xing)喜陰,忌陽光(guang)直射,喜濕潤,忌干燥,15℃至30℃最宜生長(chang)。35℃以(yi)(yi)上生長(chang)不(bu)良。5℃以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)嚴寒會影響其生長(chang)力,這時,蘭花(hua)(hua)常處于休眠狀(zhuang)態。如氣(qi)溫太高加上陽光(guang)曝(pu)曬則一(yi)兩天內即出(chu)現(xian)(xian)葉(xie)子(zi)灼(zhuo)傷(shang)或(huo)枯(ku)焦。如氣(qi)溫太低又沒及(ji)時轉移進屋里,則會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)凍(dong)傷(shang)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象。蘭花(hua)(hua)是肉質(zhi)根,適合采用富(fu)含腐(fu)殖(zhi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)砂(sha)質(zhi)壤土(tu),排水(shui)性(xing)能必(bi)須良好(hao),應選用腐(fu)葉(xie)土(tu)或(huo)含腐(fu)殖(zhi)質(zhi)較多(duo)的(de)(de)山土(tu)。微酸性(xing)的(de)(de)松(song)土(tu)或(huo)含鐵(tie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤,pH值以(yi)(yi)5.5-6.5為宜。
蘭(lan)(lan)棚及蘭(lan)(lan)房應選擇背西朝東(dong)方(fang)向的場所,東(dong)南方(fang)向空曠,西背方(fang)向有高(gao)墻或大樹。既能見初陽、又能擋烈日(ri)。周(zhou)圍小環境空氣清潔,有一(yi)定濕度保(bao)證的院(yuan)落。注意透風、受露(lu)、避烈日(ri)、忌(ji)煙(yan)等。若建在屋頂或樓層陽臺,除(chu)上面遮蔭(yin)外,靠西北(bei)方(fang)向主要(yao)張掛簾子以(yi)(yi)防(fang)午后落日(ri)斜照(zhao)灼傷草葉。蘭(lan)(lan)棚下(xia)面最好用泥地(di)或下(xia)設清水(shui)池,以(yi)(yi)保(bao)持(chi)蘭(lan)(lan)棚周(zhou)圍空氣潮濕。并注意地(di)面清潔,防(fang)止病蟲(chong)害滋生。當室(shi)外氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降至0℃左右,須(xu)將蘭(lan)(lan)盆移入室(shi)內(nei),以(yi)(yi)防(fang)凍傷蘭(lan)(lan)根。冬(dong)季(ji)如天(tian)氣晴好,蘭(lan)(lan)房中(zhong)的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度可(ke)以(yi)(yi)超(chao)過15℃,僅是陰雨(yu)風雪天(tian)氣室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)降,此時(shi)(shi)應加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)使(shi)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)持(chi)15℃。夜(ye)間無(wu)(wu)(wu)需加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),保(bao)持(chi)5℃即可(ke)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在深秋和初冬(dong)進行,目的是促使(shi)當年新(xin)(xin)株充分成熟。而在12月中(zhong)旬以(yi)(yi)后至1月底(di)則(ze)不用加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),保(bao)持(chi)室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不低(di)于5℃即可(ke),任其營(ying)養生長處于十分緩慢狀態。從(cong)(cong)2月份開(kai)始,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、充分光(guang)(guang)照(zhao),使(shi)蘭(lan)(lan)花(hua)提前進入生長期(qi)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)后新(xin)(xin)芽(ya)提前萌發,一(yi)般加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)45天(tian)新(xin)(xin)芽(ya)出土。再(zai)經90天(tian)即可(ke)成株。到6月中(zhong)旬第二次(ci)新(xin)(xin)芽(ya)又出土,從(cong)(cong)而取得(de)一(yi)年長二批新(xin)(xin)苗的效果(guo)。冬(dong)季(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)應注意必須(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao),然而切(qie)不可(ke)24小時(shi)(shi)不斷地(di)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)致無(wu)(wu)(wu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差。另(ling)外,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不宜過高(gao),超(chao)過25℃則(ze)有害而無(wu)(wu)(wu)益。
上盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(或翻盆(pen)(pen)(pen))時間一般在(zai)春(chun)季3-4月或秋(qiu)季10-11月。花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)以(yi)口小、盆(pen)(pen)(pen)深、底孔大(da)的為佳。新從山(shan)上挖來的野生苗需理植(zhi)于瓦盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(泥盆(pen)(pen)(pen))中,這樣蘭(lan)花(hua)泥易干(gan),通(tong)氣性好.容易發(fa)根(gen);2-3年后方可換人紫砂盆(pen)(pen)(pen)或瓷盆(pen)(pen)(pen)。蘭(lan)花(hua)種(zhong)植(zhi)(在(zai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中)的方法與一般花(hua)卉不同,尤其是名(ming)種(zhong)蘭(lan)花(hua),翻種(zhong)移盆(pen)(pen)(pen)必須洗根(gen)。方法足(zu)將根(gen)浸入(ru)清水中,用舊牙刷或毛筆輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)洗刷,切勿用力過大(da)傷根(gen);用剪刀(dao)將殘葉、黃葉、斷裂根(gen)、發(fa)黑腐爛根(gen)剪去,注意(yi)勿傷幼(you)芽。然(ran)后將處理好的植(zhi)株放在(zai)陰涼通(tong)風處晾干(gan),待根(gen)部(bu)發(fa)白(bai)并顯細小皺紋(wen)柔軟(ruan)時,再植(zhi)入(ru)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中。
方法一
準(zhun)備(bei)好蘭(lan)盆(pen)及(ji)植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao)后,將(jiang)蘭(lan)株倒拿(根(gen)在(zai)(zai)上,葉在(zai)(zai)下)放(fang)于水(shui)龍頭(tou)下以(yi)慢水(shui)沖洗(xi),但(dan)水(shui)壓切(qie)忌過(guo)強(qiang),以(yi)免傷蘭(lan)根(gen)及(ji)葉子(zi)。用(yong)拇指和食(shi)指抓(zhua)住(zhu)蘭(lan)頭(tou),小指抵住(zhu)盆(pen)緣(yuan)(yuan),用(yong)竹(zhu)筷將(jiang)根(gen)固定,當放(fang)入(ru)盆(pen)內時,盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)要(yao)讓(rang)根(gen)接觸到盆(pen)壁。將(jiang)豆粒(li)大(da)的混合石礫倒入(ru)盆(pen)底至(zhi)三(san)分之一(yi)處。然后倒入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)粒(li)植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao)至(zhi)五分之四處,填實和盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)要(yao)留下空(kong)間。將(jiang)竹(zhu)筷拔出(chu),并搖實盆(pen)中(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao)。填實植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao)后,再用(yong)大(da)粒(li)植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao)埴入(ru)至(zhi)距盆(pen)緣(yuan)(yuan)1.5厘米處。最后再倒入(ru)豆粒(li)大(da)植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao),以(yi)將(jiang)假鱗莖全(quan)部(bu)埋入(ru)土中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)度,然后充分搖實。用(yong)壓土工具輕壓植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao),并將(jiang)表(biao)面弄(nong)平。種植(zhi)(zhi)完畢后,植(zhi)(zhi)料(liao)在(zai)(zai)盆(pen)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)央稍高(gao)為(wei)好。
方法二
要注(zhu)意盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)底排水(shui)(shui),泥盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)用(yong)碎瓦填,紫砂(sha)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)必須(xu)用(yong)穿(chuan)孔尼龍紗(sha)罩住盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)底。植前先(xian)在(zai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)內鋪上(shang)粗石子,占盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)深(shen)2/5左右,粗石培養土(tu)(tu),厚3-5厘米,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)放(fang)入蘭(lan)草(cao)(cao)。上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)時(shi)注(zhu)意根部要自(zi)(zi)展,不能(neng)卷曲。種(zhong)植名種(zhong)蘭(lan)草(cao)(cao)時(shi)一定(ding)要將老(lao)草(cao)(cao)靠邊,新草(cao)(cao)放(fang)在(zai)中(zhong)心,這(zhe)(zhe)樣再發新草(cao)(cao)就有余地(di)。種(zhong)植時(shi),左手握持蘭(lan)草(cao)(cao),右手加(jia)泥(要防止泥土(tu)(tu)貫入葉心),再將蘭(lan)株(zhu)稍稍提起,使根自(zi)(zi)然(ran)舒展。然(ran)后(hou)(hou)邊加(jia)土(tu)(tu)邊搖(yao)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen),使土(tu)(tu)與根緊密接觸。再用(yong)手將莖部四(si)周的泥土(tu)(tu)按緊,最后(hou)(hou)使盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)面略顯(xian)饅頭狀(即中(zhong)間四(si)周略低)。上(shang)面鋪覆(fu)一層(ceng)青苔或細石子,這(zhe)(zhe)樣盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)不易(yi)板結(jie)并可減少(shao)水(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發。上(shang)完(wan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen),立即澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。第(di)一次澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)量要充足。最后(hou)(hou)將蘭(lan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)放(fang)置(zhi)陰處。一個(ge)月內不宜直(zhi)接曬太(tai)陽(yang),并控制(zhi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui),不宜太(tai)濕,以(yi)后(hou)(hou)放(fang)置(zhi)地(di)點宣選擇(ze)在(zai)半陰半陽(yang)、通風透(tou)氣(qi),早上(shang)照到太(tai)陽(yang)的地(di)方。
澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在蘭花生長(chang)盛期,夏季一(yi)旦(dan)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),則盆(pen)(pen)(pen)蘭生長(chang)不良,蘭花需八分(fen)干(gan)、二分(fen)濕。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)應本著“干(gan)則澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),濕則停,適(shi)當偏干(gan)”的(de)原則。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)必(bi)須澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)透(tou),不可澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)半截(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次數可視盆(pen)(pen)(pen)蘭的(de)植料而定(ding)。如火山石、紅磚(zhuan)粒、浮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)石等硬質疏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植料,每天可供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次;塘泥(ni)、腐殖土(tu)等吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)強的(de)植料,則可兩三天供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)般(ban)在清晨或(huo)傍(bang)晚進行,切忌(ji)在中午澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)當頭傾注。應以(yi)清潔無污染(ran)、微酸性(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(pH值5.5-6.5)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。蘭花爛根(gen),葉(xie)面出現黑點,葉(xie)芽腐爛等病態,多與供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不當有關(guan)。 花卉(hui)植物栽種后,第一(yi)次澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“定(ding)根(gen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”。定(ding)根(gen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)必(bi)須澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)透(tou)。一(yi)般(ban)上盆(pen)(pen)(pen)后要連續(xu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)兩次,第一(yi)次澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),見水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)從(cong)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)底孔(kong)流出后,再重澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)次。選(xuan)擇適(shi)宜的(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法。通常采用噴澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)法,既能(neng)增加(jia)空氣濕度(du),又能(neng)沖洗葉(xie)面灰塵。但(dan)對于葉(xie)片(pian)有絨毛或(huo)正在開花的(de)花卉(hui),不宜噴澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),而應將整個(ge)花盆(pen)(pen)(pen)放在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)里,做到水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不淹盆(pen)(pen)(pen)口,利用盆(pen)(pen)(pen)底孔(kong)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),使盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)濕潤。注意(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。如果(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)與土(tu)壤溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)相(xiang)差(cha)較(jiao)大(da)(超過6℃),冬季先將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)放置在室內一(yi)段時(shi)間,或(huo)稍加(jia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升到15℃左右再澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)花;夏季應避免在烈(lie)日暴曬(shai)下(xia)和(he)(he)中午高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)間。在春、秋、冬三季,上午10點左右和(he)(he)下(xia)午4點以(yi)后是澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)花的(de)最適(shi)宜時(shi)間。
農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是很好的(de)(de)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),但(dan)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)堆(dui)放腐熟一(yi)年以(yi)上才能(neng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。可(ke)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)液(ye)對(dui)水10-20倍澆施(shi)(shi)(shi),盡量(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)盆(pen)沿處(chu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)接觸根(gen)部,不(bu)(bu)(bu)沾蘭(lan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時,要(yao)(yao)注意氮、磷、鉀的(de)(de)平衡,并嚴格控制濃度,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)藝苗要(yao)(yao)控制葉(xie)(xie)(xie)綠素的(de)(de)合成,不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)施(shi)(shi)(shi)含錳、鎂(mei)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(如鈣鎂(mei)磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等),因為(wei)錳、鎂(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)素能(neng)加速葉(xie)(xie)(xie)綠素的(de)(de)合成對(dui)花藝蘭(lan),如果培育大瓣型(xing)花,可(ke)適量(liang)增施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。以(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)既可(ke)通(tong)過蘭(lan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)吸收補(bu)充蘭(lan)株(zhu)的(de)(de)營(ying)養,又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會使肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)接觸根(gen)部引起(qi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)害,對(dui)蘭(lan)花來說是一(yi)種最好的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方式。只要(yao)(yao)在(zai)生長發育期,堅持10天(tian)左右進行一(yi)次(ci)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),完全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)養好蘭(lan)花,不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)往盆(pen)里(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。可(ke)用(yong)(yong)1∶1000的(de)(de)磷酸(suan)(suan)二(er)氫鉀和1∶1000的(de)(de)硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)蘆薈液(ye)。因為(wei)蘆薈中(zhong)含有大量(liang)的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)糖和氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)等營(ying)養物質(zhi),并含有二(er)十多(duo)(duo)種礦物質(zhi),可(ke)滿(man)足蘭(lan)花所需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)養分,且蘆薈里(li)含有遙蘆薈酊幾乎可(ke)殺死所有的(de)(de)病(bing)菌和病(bing)毒,施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)后無(wu)需(xu)再施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥防病(bing)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)要(yao)(yao)勤施(shi)(shi)(shi)薄施(shi)(shi)(shi),少吃多(duo)(duo)餐:蘭(lan)花在(zai)發育生長期需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo),對(dui)生長旺盛的(de)(de)健壯(zhuang)蘭(lan)株(zhu),可(ke)每隔(ge)10-15天(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)稀薄液(ye)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。以(yi)天(tian)然有機物為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。天(tian)然有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)營(ying)養元(yuan)(yuan)素比較全(quan)面(mian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)再施(shi)(shi)(shi)其他肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao),且性情平和,對(dui)植物沒有副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),而化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)容易(yi)使基(ji)質(zhi)板結,且化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)大多(duo)(duo)為(wei)酸(suan)(suan)性,長期施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),會造成基(ji)質(zhi)過酸(suan)(suan),引起(qi)病(bing)害。
在(zai)春秋兩季均可進(jin)行(xing)(xing),一般每隔三年分(fen)株(zhu)一次。凡植株(zhu)生長(chang)健壯,假球莖密集的(de)都可分(fen)株(zhu),分(fen)株(zhu)后每叢至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)要(yao)保(bao)存(cun)5個連結在(zai)一起的(de)假球莖。分(fen)株(zhu)前要(yao)減少(shao)(shao)灌(guan)水,使盆土(tu)較(jiao)于(yu)。分(fen)株(zhu)后上盆時,先以(yi)(yi)碎瓦片覆(fu)在(zai)盆底(di)孔(kong)上,再鋪上粗(cu)石(shi)子,占盆深(shen)度1/5至(zhi)(zhi)1/4,再放粗(cu)粒土(tu)及少(shao)(shao)量細土(tu),然后用富含(han)腐殖(zhi)質的(de)沙(sha)質壤土(tu)栽植。栽植深(shen)度以(yi)(yi)將假球莖剛(gang)剛(gang)埋(mai)入土(tu)中力度,盆邊緣(yuan)留2厘米沿口,上鋪翠云草(cao)或細石(shi)子,最(zui)后澆(jiao)透水,置陰處10-15天,保(bao)持土(tu)壤潮(chao)濕,逐漸減少(shao)(shao)澆(jiao)水,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)正常養護。