照(zhao)壁山(shan)(shan),又(you)名(ming)相寶山(shan)(shan)。以孤山(shan)(shan)突(tu)出,面(mian)(mian)南的山(shan)(shan)崖平如(ru)“照(zhao)壁”而得(de)名(ming)。山(shan)(shan)上曾建(jian)(jian)(jian)有禪寺,寺內(nei)有銅(tong)鏡等珍貴(gui)法器,曾與(yu)黔靈山(shan)(shan)、東(dong)山(shan)(shan)并(bing)(bing)稱貴(gui)陽三大(da)佛門勝(sheng)地(di)。解(jie)放前(qian)夕(xi)衰敗。 照(zhao)壁山(shan)(shan)公(gong)園總面(mian)(mian)積35240平方米,位于貴(gui)陽市云巖區照(zhao)壁山(shan)(shan),西鄰(lin)外(wai)環城北路(lu),東(dong)、南面(mian)(mian)靠貴(gui)州(zhou)師(shi)范(fan)大(da)學,北面(mian)(mian)靠市塑料(liao)廠。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)中將利用山(shan)(shan)體的懸崖峭壁設(she)置跌水瀑布,最大(da)落(luo)差將達到17米,并(bing)(bing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)步道、觀景(jing)平臺、老人休息林、放鳶(yuan)廣場等公(gong)共游(you)樂設(she)施。
民國以后(hou),寺(si)宇漸敗,寺(si)僧(seng)寥(liao)寥(liao)。抗日戰爭時期駐兵于(yu)寺(si)內(nei),本已(yi)破舊的(de)殿字又遭破壞(huai)。1958年(nian)大煉鋼鐵,山寺(si)房(fang)屋(wu)被拆毀,寺(si)院僅存屋(wu)基遺址,昔日舊貌,蕩(dang)然無存。1983年(nian)6月2日,照壁山列為(wei)貴(gui)陽(yang)市文物保護單位(wei)。
交(jiao)通(tong)指南:可(ke)在貴陽市內乘9路、24路、61路、69路車(che)在相寶山站下車(che),步(bu)行到景點(dian)。
照(zhao)(zhao)壁山(shan)(shan)包括兩(liang)座相連的(de)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng),西(xi)(xi)蜂高(gao)而(er)東峰(feng)低。早在(zai)明崇(chong)幀年(nian)(nian)間,西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)寺(si),名(ming)“相寶寺(si)”、“照(zhao)(zhao)壁山(shan)(shan)寺(si)”、“屏山(shan)(shan)寺(si)”,亦(yi)稱“毗尼寺(si)”。“毗尼”為梵語戒律(lv)之意,該(gai)寺(si)為貴陽地(di)區唯一律(lv)寺(si),故(gu)有(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)名(ming)。該(gai)寺(si)在(zai)清順治年(nian)(nian)間重建(jian)(jian),道(dao)光年(nian)(nian)間改(gai)修。寺(si)廟規(gui)模不(bu)大,依山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)而(er)建(jian)(jian),欄廊回環(huan)(huan),梵宮漂(piao)渺(miao)。山(shan)(shan)頂并(bing)排正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)七換、觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三槐,正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后面(mian)有(you)(you)準提殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三間,另(ling)有(you)(you)客房、僧富、齋(zhai)堂等(deng)輔(fu)助建(jian)(jian)筑。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)供大佛(fo),兩(liang)側塑有(you)(you)十八羅漢。寺(si)中(zhong)原(yuan)藏有(you)(you)古(gu)銅(tong)鏡一面(mian)、銅(tong)牛一尊,直徑與身(shen)長均(jun)達二尺(chi)以上。寺(si)僧和故(gu)老相傳:“銅(tong)鏡可照(zhao)(zhao)人前(qian)世”,招襪(wa)善男信女摩肩接唾(tuo)登山(shan)(shan)觀景。清代詩人沈統蘇(su)在(zai)《重建(jian)(jian)照(zhao)(zhao)壁山(shan)(shan)寺(si)》中(zhong)譏笑云:“萬里登臨(lin)慷(kang)照(zhao)(zhao)鏡,前(qian)生可是此(ci)(ci)山(shan)(shan)僧?”殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外有(you)(you)長廊,憑欄遠(yuan)眺,諸山(shan)(shan)環(huan)(huan)拱(gong),朝(chao)暮(mu)變化美(mei)不(bu)勝收,令人心曠神怕。在(zai)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)左方佛(fo)閣下(xia),有(you)(you)洞(dong)名(ming)“碧云”,洞(dong)口(kou)狹(xia)窄,高(gao)約(yue)兩(liang)米,寒氣凜別,據說此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)為佛(fo)教(jiao)徒行律(lv)禁閉之所。另(ling)外西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)平臺(tai)上有(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三槐,祀宋包拯(zheng)像(xiang)于(yu)內(nei)。
照壁山遠觀形(xing)如畫屏(ping),又(you)似(si)一(yi)葉張帆(fan)待航之舟,逢春(chun)秋佳節,游(you)人如織,歷來騷人墨客留下不(bu)少(shao)題句于此(ci)。吳廷幀(zhen)、朱文、鄒一(yi)桂(gui)、王本(ben)玉、鄭珍等均(jun)有游(you)覽(lan)照壁山的詩詞傳世,地方(fang)史志多(duo)有記載,這些詩不(bu)僅(jin)有一(yi)定的文學(xue)欣賞價值,還(huan)是(shi)研究貴陽歷史的重要史料。現(xian)在碧(bi)云洞上(shang)方(fang)石(shi)壁還(huan)攜有慶均(jun)書(shu)“相寶留云”,另一(yi)處為咸豐時(shi)貴州提(ti)督趙德昌書(shu)“黔陽半壁”,字(zi)大如斗,清晰顯眼。