成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)至貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)我國西北、西南至華南的(de)區(qu)際快速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)新(xin)通道,全(quan)長(chang)(chang)515公里,總投(tou)資646億元,沿線(xian)多處于高山河谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)帶,地(di)(di)(di)質情(qing)況差。整條(tiao)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)將跨(kua)越大渡(du)河、岷江、金沙(sha)江三大河流,線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)79%為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)隧,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正線(xian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)總計(ji)365座(zuo)。因此,成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“世界第一(yi)條(tiao)山區(qu)高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”。建成(cheng)(cheng)后,貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)至成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)的(de)火(huo)車時(shi)間將由(you)現在(zai)的(de)12小時(shi)左(zuo)右(you)縮(suo)短至3小時(shi)。鴨(ya)(ya)池(chi)(chi)河特(te)(te)大橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)高鐵(tie)(tie)6座(zuo)重點橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)之(zhi)一(yi),大橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi),建造地(di)(di)(di)址(zhi)構造復雜,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)典型(xing)的(de)喀(ka)斯特(te)(te)高原、峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)類型(xing)。全(quan)長(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)鴨(ya)(ya)池(chi)(chi)河特(te)(te)大橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)肋采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)砼結(jie)(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案,拱(gong)(gong)上(shang)部(bu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)柱(zhu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)框(kuang)架墩,主梁(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)箱三室預應力混凝(ning)(ning)土梁(liang)。拱(gong)(gong)座(zuo)開挖深度44米(mi)(mi)(mi),挖方(fang)(fang)量7.54萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);單(dan)個拱(gong)(gong)座(zuo)混凝(ning)(ning)土體(ti)積為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.31萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),過渡(du)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)墩墩身(shen)高度最高為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)67.52米(mi)(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)至水(shui)面(mian)244米(mi)(mi)(mi)。全(quan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)需用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)9900噸,鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材12000噸,預應力鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)索780噸。峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(鴨(ya)(ya)池(chi)(chi)河河谷(gu)(gu)(gu))基(ji)本為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陡峻的(de)斜坡(po)及峭壁地(di)(di)(di)形(xing),谷(gu)(gu)(gu)頂高程(cheng)大致在(zai)1000~1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1100~1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)斜坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬谷(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)。1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)高程(cheng)以(yi)下以(yi)陡壁地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao),切深達(da)170~300米(mi)(mi)(mi),河谷(gu)(gu)(gu)狹窄、岸坡(po)陡峻,巖(yan)(yan)溶形(xing)態以(yi)巖(yan)(yan)溶洞穴為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,兩(liang)岸溶洞及巖(yan)(yan)溶地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)具成(cheng)(cheng)層(ceng)性分布特(te)(te)點。大橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi),跨(kua)徑布置為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):8×32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)簡支(zhi)箱梁(liang)+(32.7+2×61.75)米(mi)(mi)(mi) T構梁(liang)+(1-436)米(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)-砼結(jie)(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)+(2×61.75+32.7)米(mi)(mi)(mi) T構梁(liang)+2×24.7 米(mi)(mi)(mi)簡支(zhi)箱梁(liang)。主橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(1-436)米(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)-砼結(jie)(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)肋采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)-砼結(jie)(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案,拱(gong)(gong)上(shang)立(li)(li)柱(zhu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)柱(zhu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)框(kuang)架墩,主梁(liang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)箱三室預應力混凝(ning)(ning)土梁(liang)。主橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)座(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整體(ti)嵌(qian)巖(yan)(yan)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu),拱(gong)(gong)座(zuo)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)尺寸分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)60.0×28.5m×高30.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)側)、50.0×28.5m×高26.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)側)。主橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過渡(du)墩直接支(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)拱(gong)(gong)座(zuo)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上(shang),墩身(shen)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)薄壁空(kong)心(xin)墩,圓端形(xing)截(jie)面(mian),四向(xiang)(xiang)變坡(po),坡(po)度1:40(橫向(xiang)(xiang))、1:35(縱向(xiang)(xiang)),墩身(shen)高度67.526米(mi)(mi)(mi)。引橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)結(jie)(jie)構形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(2×61.75+32.7)米(mi)(mi)(mi)預應力混凝(ning)(ning)土T構和32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)、24.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)跨(kua)預應力混凝(ning)(ning)土簡支(zhi)箱梁(liang)。如果(guo)只(zhi)是(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)(chang)和跨(kua)度,無論(lun)說起來、聽(ting)起來、看起來,規模都(dou)算不上(shang)太大。之(zhi)所以(yi)被(bei)冠(guan)以(yi)“特(te)(te)大橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”之(zhi)名,是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)它的(de)主橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)跨(kua)徑436米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)混結(jie)(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),這種橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)型(xing)和跨(kua)度,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)線(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)首例,讓它當(dang)之(zhi)無愧(kui)地(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)全(quan)線(xian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)僅有的(de)兩(liang)個控制性工(gong)程(cheng)之(zhi)一(yi)。
鴨(ya)池(chi)河(he)特(te)大橋(qiao)之特(te),在(zai)于無先例可(ke)以參考,難在(zai)無經(jing)驗(yan)可(ke)以借鑒,難在(zai)桁架(jia)提籃拱拱肋結構復雜,拱肋制(zhi)造、拼(pin)裝精(jing)度要求高,拱肋外包(bao)混(hun)凝(ning)土技術要求高,線形控制(zhi)難度大。
由于技(ji)(ji)術(shu)含(han)量太高,相關部門專門開展了(le)主橋(qiao)抗風性能、鋼(gang)砼結合拱肋構(gou)造、拱座大體(ti)積混凝土施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、拱肋鋼(gang)結構(gou)預(yu)埋件安裝及(ji)定位施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、大跨大噸位纜索設計及(ji)扣掛施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、吊(diao)掛法(fa)現澆(jiao)拱圈(quan)內主梁施(shi)工技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、大跨度拱橋(qiao)吊(diao)桿安裝及(ji)張拉控制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)等多項專題研究(jiu),全方位確保(bao)大橋(qiao)的順利施(shi)工。
鴨池河特大(da)橋的10號(hao)、11號(hao)橋墩(dun)是制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)全(quan)橋工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度的關(guan)鍵控制(zhi)(zhi)點。為確保(bao)(bao)全(quan)橋總體工(gong)(gong)程進(jin)度,負責施工(gong)(gong)的中鐵大(da)橋局(ju)成(cheng)貴鐵路(lu)5標(biao)第三項目分部,從今年3月(yue)14日(ri)開始,組織了大(da)干100天暨“六比六創”大(da)橋杯(bei)勞動(dong)競賽(sai)(sai)活動(dong)。擬通過勞動(dong)競賽(sai)(sai)的形(xing)式,全(quan)面調動(dong)干部職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)的積極性,確保(bao)(bao)5月(yue)25日(ri)前(qian)完成(cheng)扣(kou)塔(ta)拼裝,6月(yue)25日(ri)前(qian)完成(cheng)纜塔(ta)拼裝。
據中(zhong)鐵大橋(qiao)局施(shi)工負責(ze)人介紹,目前大橋(qiao)拱肋(lei)首節(jie)定(ding)位(wei)支架已經完成,預計(ji)5月25日完成拱座預留槽及拱腳混凝土施(shi)工,6月17日前完成墩身工程(cheng)。
這是一(yi)個不一(yi)樣的(de)地方(fang)(fang),山美(mei),水美(mei),人更美(mei)!山會(hui)讓你(ni)嘆,水會(hui)讓你(ni)醉(zui),人會(hui)讓你(ni)戀!鴨(ya)池河的(de)景致會(hui)讓你(ni)難忘:山勝(sheng)似(si)(si)三峽,水勝(sheng)似(si)(si)漓江!在索風(feng)營電(dian)站上(shang)游(you)大約8公里的(de)地方(fang)(fang),黔西(xi)縣鐵石鄉米新寨村(cun)與清鎮市暗(an)流(liu)鎮沙男(nan)村(cun)隔(ge)河相望,陡峭的(de)山勢和深切的(de)峽谷,既為兩岸帶(dai)(dai)來了美(mei)麗的(de)風(feng)光,也帶(dai)(dai)來了諸多的(de)不便,比如(ru)交通。
當然,不便都(dou)是過去(qu)的事。現在,因為(wei)成貴鐵路鴨池(chi)河特大橋的存在,這(zhe)里的風光更加瑰麗(li),交通狀況也正在改變。
事實上,建(jian)設(she)者們燦爛笑(xiao)容的背后,也意味著這條(tiao)拱橋(qiao)的修建(jian)克服了種種困(kun)難。一(yi)座承載高速(su)鐵路(lu)的山(shan)區(qu)拱橋(qiao),鋼拱肋的架(jia)設(she)必(bi)須采(cai)用纜(lan)索吊(diao)機(ji)“斜拉(la)扣掛”法(fa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工,需(xu)要(yao)一(yi)邊(bian)安裝(zhuang)拱橋(qiao)的拱肋,一(yi)邊(bian)建(jian)一(yi)座斜拉(la)橋(qiao)。這種施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工方法(fa)要(yao)求(qiu)纜(lan)索吊(diao)機(ji)必(bi)須足(zu)夠大(da)(da),足(zu)夠高。“這是我(wo)們中鐵大(da)(da)橋(qiao)局為大(da)(da)橋(qiao)建(jian)設(she)自主(zhu)研(yan)發、設(she)計的大(da)(da)型(xing)起重(zhong)裝(zhuang)備纜(lan)索吊(diao),目前是我(wo)國(guo)同類型(xing)中最(zui)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)的橫移(yi)式纜(lan)索吊(diao),其單次吊(diao)重(zhong)最(zui)大(da)(da)單件吊(diao)裝(zhuang)重(zhong)量270噸,也刷(shua)新了國(guo)內同類起重(zhong)設(she)備施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工紀錄。”施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工現場相(xiang)關負責人介(jie)紹。
建設的難度(du)和技術的先進,從另一組數據就可以看得出,纜(lan)索吊機(ji)跨徑(jing)460米(mi)、吊重240噸,相當于同時吊起(qi)70頭成(cheng)年大象;吊機(ji)塔(ta)架184米(mi),吊機(ji)頂距水(shui)面(mian)344米(mi),相當于115層樓高。拱肋一節節越(yue)架越(yue)高,最后高度(du)距水(shui)面(mian)270米(mi)。也就是說(shuo),施工面(mian)基(ji)本都在(zai)300米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)的高空。
實際上,這(zhe)座橋(qiao)梁創下的(de)紀(ji)錄遠不(bu)止這(zhe)些。因為(wei)橋(qiao)址處地質情況為(wei)典型(xing)的(de)喀(ka)斯特高原、峽谷地貌類型(xing),河道(dao)兩岸(an)巖(yan)崖陡(dou)峭(qiao),地勢險峻,有部分巖(yan)崖與河面(mian)夾角甚(shen)至達(da)到(dao)90度。為(wei)了(le)解決(jue)這(zhe)一難題,設計(ji)方經過科學計(ji)算和反(fan)復(fu)論證(zheng),創新(xin)地提出(chu)了(le)中承(cheng)式空腹鋼混(hun)結(jie)合提籃拱(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)的(de)橋(qiao)型(xing)方案,是世界上首座用(yong)于雙線高速鐵路上的(de)中承(cheng)式空腹鋼混(hun)結(jie)合提籃拱(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)。