六(liu)世(shi)班(ban)禪(chan)(chan)于乾隆(long)三年(nian)在后藏(zang)向扎喜策轉世(shi),三歲時坐床。班(ban)禪(chan)(chan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪(chan)(chan)額爾德尼的簡稱,班(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)梵語(yu),意(yi)為(wei)“精通五明的學者(zhe)”,禪(chan)(chan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)藏(zang)語(yu)“大”的意(yi)思(si)。額爾德尼是(shi)(shi)(shi)滿語(yu),意(yi)為(wei)“寶(bao)”。六(liu)世(shi)班(ban)禪(chan)(chan)名貝丹(dan)益西(公元(yuan)1738-1780),意(yi)譯吉祥智,清(qing)乾隆(long)四十(shi)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1780年(nian))奉(feng)命進(jin)京(jing)給清(qing)高宗祝壽,先住承(cheng)德避暑山莊,后隨駕到北京(jing),清(qing)室(shi)賜給玉(yu)冊(ce)玉(yu)印。同(tong)年(nian)在北京(jing)西黃寺圓寂。
六世(shi)班禪額爾德尼(ni)羅桑華(hua)丹益希,于藏(zang)歷第十二繞迥之土馬年(nian)(nian)(1738年(nian)(nian),清乾隆三年(nian)(nian))生在襄地扎(zha)西(xi)則(ze)(今后藏(zang)南木(mu)林宗扎(zha)西(xi)則(ze))地方。父唐拉,咒師(shi)出身;母尼(ni)達昂茂,系貴族宗室之女(nv)。
1740年(nian),經(jing)過札(zha)什倫布寺(si)喇嘛(ma)尋訪考察(cha),在拉薩(sa)請護法(fa)神(shen)降神(shen),七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)派(pai)代表,會同噶廈政府官(guan)員,共(gong)同確認羅(luo)(luo)桑華丹(dan)益希是(shi)前世(shi)班禪(chan)(chan)轉世(shi)靈童。七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)正式通(tong)知札(zha)什倫布寺(si),并通(tong)知駐(zhu)藏(zang)大臣紀山,請他(ta)轉奏清高宗(zong)皇帝,不久使得到(dao)(dao)乾隆皇帝的(de)(de)恩(en)準(zhun)。七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)給(gei)(gei)六世(shi)班禪(chan)(chan)取法(fa)名(ming)羅(luo)(luo)桑華丹(dan)益希。金雞年(nian)(1741年(nian))六月四日,將靈童迎(ying)到(dao)(dao)札(zha)什倫布寺(si)日光殿舉行坐床典(dian)禮,乾隆帝特派(pai)專員與七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)代表一起由頗(po)羅(luo)(luo)鼐陪同到(dao)(dao)札(zha)什倫布寺(si)祝賀坐床典(dian)禮。土蛇年(nian)(1749年(nian))九月,六世(shi)班禪(chan)(chan)到(dao)(dao)拉薩(sa)拜會七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)。七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)說:“前世(shi)班禪(chan)(chan)是(shi)我的(de)(de)上(shang)師,給(gei)(gei)我傳授了許多經(jing)典(dian)教授。現在要把我學到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)經(jing)典(dian)傳授給(gei)(gei)你”。七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)給(gei)(gei)他(ta)授了沙彌戒,從此便(bian)建立了師徒關系。六世(shi)班禪(chan)(chan)住在布達(da)(da)拉宮(gong),每天由七(qi)(qi)世(shi)達(da)(da)賴(lai)(lai)給(gei)(gei)他(ta)傳授經(jing)論(lun)。
六世班禪的著作(zuo)有《持樂國(guo)愿(yuan)望》、《自傳》上下冊、《道(dao)情歌集匯(hui)編》、《菩提道(dao)次(ci)第面(mian)授法(fa)·利他甘露瓶》、《顯密集要(yao)點問答匯(hui)編》、《十六羅漢繞(rao)佛記》、《喇巴(ba)強巴(ba)傳》、《圣·洛桑巴(ba)傳奇·不可(ke)思(si)議(yi)》、書(shu)札(zha)、儀軌(gui)、修(xiu)行等方面(mian)的典(dian)籍(ji)共98種之多。
火(huo)牛年(1757年)二月(yue),誦經祈禱達(da)賴喇(la)嘛早日轉世(shi)(shi)。當乾隆帝(di)接到(dao)七世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴圓寂的奏報后,擔心西藏局勢不穩(wen),即派國師章嘉·若白(bai)多杰入藏辦理七世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴的后事,并主持認(ren)定(ding)轉世(shi)(shi)靈童。是年六月(yue),由經師羅(luo)桑群佩在札什倫布寺(si)為六世(shi)(shi)班禪授比丘戒。
土(tu)虎(hu)年(nian)(1758)四(si)月(yue),章(zhang)(zhang)嘉(jia)·若(ruo)白多杰(jie)赴后藏(zang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)札什倫布(bu)(bu)(bu)寺(si)看望(wang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪,商(shang)議西(xi)藏(zang)政教事(shi)務(wu)。1759年(nian)二月(yue),章(zhang)(zhang)嘉(jia)國師(shi)和噶廈(sha)政府請六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)拉薩,為章(zhang)(zhang)嘉(jia)國師(shi)等6000多名(ming)僧眾(zhong)傳授時輪大(da)灌頂,并和章(zhang)(zhang)嘉(jia)國師(shi)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)為七世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)靈塔開光。1760年(nian),六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪派人(ren)在(zai)后藏(zang)托布(bu)(bu)(bu)嘉(jia)地方(fang)訪到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)(lai)靈童后,經乾隆帝(di)(di)恩準,接到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)札什倫布(bu)(bu)(bu)寺(si),由六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪為他(ta)剪發起(qi)法名(ming)。1762年(nian),在(zai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪的(de)(de)主持下,為八(ba)世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)(lai)在(zai)布(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)拉宮舉行(xing)(xing)坐(zuo)床典(dian)禮。1765年(nian),六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪又到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)拉薩為八(ba)世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)(lai)授沙彌戒,并在(zai)布(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)拉宮為八(ba)世(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)(lai)講經兩(liang)個多月(yue)。1766年(nian),乾隆帝(di)(di)遣使(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)札什倫布(bu)(bu)(bu)寺(si)冊封(feng)六(liu)(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)班(ban)禪,頒(ban)給金(jin)冊金(jin)印。金(jin)冊大(da)意是贊譽班(ban)禪是札什倫布(bu)(bu)(bu)寺(si)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)德(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)望(wang)重的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)憎,且是達(da)賴(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)上(shang)師(shi),精(jing)通佛(fo)法,要(yao)向僧俗(su)公眾(zhong)宣傳,嚴守正確的(de)(de)戒律,要(yao)整飭發展(zhan)衛藏(zang)的(de)(de)佛(fo)教事(shi)業,努(nu)力使(shi)衛藏(zang)的(de)(de)每個庶民知(zhi)曉德(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)禮節(jie)。班(ban)禪大(da)師(shi)寫(xie)了一(yi)(yi)封(feng)奏折向皇(huang)上(shang)謝恩。1769年(nian),他(ta)31歲(sui)時,乾隆帝(di)(di)又賜給了一(yi)(yi)顆(ke)用230兩(liang)黃金(jin)鑄成的(de)(de)有藏(zang)、滿、蒙三種文字的(de)(de)班(ban)禪額爾德(de)(de)尼金(jin)印。
1774年(nian),英(ying)國(guo)東印(yin)公司(si)與(yu)(yu)不(bu)丹(dan)發生戰爭,不(bu)丹(dan)國(guo)王(wang)請六(liu)世班禪(chan)(chan)寫信(xin)調(diao)解。英(ying)國(guo)駐印(yin)總督哈(ha)斯汀士遂利(li)用(yong)這一機會,派遣東印(yin)公司(si)職員(yuan)英(ying)國(guo)人(ren)波(bo)(bo)格爾(er)擅(shan)自闖(chuang)到札什倫(lun)布寺見六(liu)世班禪(chan)(chan)。六(liu)世班禪(chan)(chan)用(yong)印(yin)度語與(yu)(yu)他(ta)交談,強調(diao)不(bu)丹(dan)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藩屬(shu),而西藏屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)領土,一切要(yao)聽從中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大皇帝的圣旨辦(ban)事。對波(bo)(bo)格爾(er)提出的英(ying)國(guo)與(yu)(yu)西藏建立(li)聯系、英(ying)方與(yu)(yu)西藏自由通商、請介紹(shao)到拉(la)薩(sa)見駐藏大臣并在(zai)(zai)拉(la)薩(sa)設立(li)代表等要(yao)求(qiu),一律加以拒絕,使波(bo)(bo)格爾(er)的計(ji)劃未(wei)能得逞。火雞年(nian)(1777年(nian))四月,六(liu)世班禪(chan)(chan)應(ying)邀在(zai)(zai)拉(la)薩(sa)大昭寺為八世達(da)賴(lai)授比丘(qiu)戒(jie)。在(zai)(zai)布達(da)拉(la)宮居住一年(nian),給(gei)達(da)賴(lai)傳經。
1778年,乾隆帝(di)為(wei)(wei)慶(qing)賀自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的70大(da)(da)壽(shou),邀請(qing)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)進(jin)京。土豬(zhu)年(1779年)六(liu)月(yue),六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)13名勒(le)參(can)巴從(cong)(cong)札什倫(lun)(lun)布寺(si)啟程,經(jing)(jing)過羊(yang)(yang)八(ba)(ba)井時(shi)(shi),八(ba)(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)、駐(zhu)藏大(da)(da)臣(chen)、攝(she)政(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)全體(ti)(ti)噶倫(lun)(lun)前來(lai)隆重(zhong)迎送。進(jin)入(ru)青海后,陜(shan)甘總督和(he)(he)(he)西(xi)寧辦事大(da)(da)臣(chen)等率(lv)僧俗數(shu)萬(wan)人分(fen)批迎接。當年十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五日(ri)到(dao)次(ci)年三月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri),六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)一(yi)行(xing)駐(zhu)錫塔爾寺(si)過冬(dong);從(cong)(cong)塔爾寺(si)出發前班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)師(shi)讓二世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嘉(jia)(jia)木樣活(huo)佛(fo)為(wei)(wei)其隨從(cong)(cong)人員種痘(dou),他自(zi)己(ji)(ji)卻沒種。金鼠年(1780年)七(qi)月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri),六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)一(yi)行(xing)到(dao)達(da)承德。六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)乘轎(jiao)到(dao)承德避暑山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)覲見(jian)(jian)清(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)時(shi)(shi),清(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)特(te)許乘轎(jiao)至(zhi)(zhi)殿(dian)(dian)前,見(jian)(jian)面時(shi)(shi)問道:“喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)好嗎?一(yi)路上辛苦了(le)吧?”班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)答稱:“托皇上洪福(fu),沿(yan)途(tu)無恙。”清(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)又(you)說:“朕今(jin)年已70歲,以(yi)如(ru)此(ci)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)齡,幸(xing)見(jian)(jian)喇(la)(la)嘛(ma),甚慰(wei)朕懷(huai)。從(cong)(cong)此(ci)中土佛(fo)法弘揚(yang)可期,四海人民(min)得歌(ge)升平。”并將(jiang)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)用(yong)的珍珠串、玉如(ru)意和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)條內庫哈(ha)達(da)贈(zeng)給(gei)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。次(ci)日(ri),清(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)親臨(lin)須(xu)彌福(fu)壽(shou)廟看望班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)說:“昔日(ri)五世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)達(da)賴(lai)來(lai)朝,我祖特(te)建(jian)黃寺(si)以(yi)館之。朕今(jin)特(te)建(jian)熱河(he)札什倫(lun)(lun)布寺(si),以(yi)備喇(la)(la)嘛(ma)駐(zhu)錫。切(qie)欲對話(hua),故學藏語(yu),但只能講普通用(yong)語(yu),圣(sheng)經(jing)(jing)文奧典,仍須(xu)由(you)(you)章嘉(jia)(jia)呼圖(tu)克(ke)圖(tu)譯述。”皇上能用(yong)藏語(yu)交談,班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)為(wei)(wei)驚(jing)訝,也深受感(gan)動。七(qi)月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四日(ri)清(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)在避暑山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)萬(wan)樹(shu)園宴請(qing)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。八(ba)(ba)月(yue)三日(ri),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)又(you)派(pai)內大(da)(da)臣(chen)二人到(dao)須(xu)彌福(fu)壽(shou)廟給(gei)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)頒(ban)賜(si)玉冊(ce)玉印。八(ba)(ba)月(yue)七(qi)日(ri),六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)章嘉(jia)(jia)國(guo)師(shi)率(lv)僧眾(zhong)至(zhi)(zhi)避暑山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)誦經(jing)(jing),為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)祝(zhu)壽(shou),班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)進(jin)獻(xian)重(zhong)300兩的金佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)、佛(fo)案和(he)(he)(he)菩薩畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)81幅、全套《甘珠爾》、重(zhong)30兩的金制(zhi)護(hu)身(shen)盒、琥珀(po)串珠三掛等物品,作為(wei)(wei)壽(shou)禮。八(ba)(ba)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri),六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)又(you)到(dao)避暑山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)率(lv)僧眾(zhong)誦經(jing)(jing)祝(zhu)福(fu)乾隆帝(di)萬(wan)壽(shou)無疆,并參(can)加祝(zhu)壽(shou)宴會等活(huo)動。八(ba)(ba)月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)五日(ri),六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)離熱河(he)經(jing)(jing)古北口至(zhi)(zhi)北京,由(you)(you)皇六(liu)子和(he)(he)(he)章嘉(jia)(jia)國(guo)師(shi)陪同游覽圓(yuan)明園、大(da)(da)鐘寺(si)、頤和(he)(he)(he)園、香(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)等地,為(wei)(wei)殿(dian)(dian)堂、園林、寺(si)院開光(guang)加持。九月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)日(ri),清(qing)(qing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)謁陵后返京,與六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)在香(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)昭廟會見(jian)(jian),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)又(you)向(xiang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)獻(xian)金如(ru)意、羊(yang)(yang)脂五香(xiang)(xiang)爐、寶體(ti)(ti)等;班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)向(xiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)獻(xian)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)及袈裟等。九月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)五日(ri),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)到(dao)西(xi)黃寺(si)看望班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)三日(ri),在紫禁城保和(he)(he)(he)殿(dian)(dian)宴請(qing)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),特(te)許六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)乘轎(jiao)至(zhi)(zhi)層丹(dan)墀。十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)日(ri),班(ban)(ban)(ban)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)在雍和(he)(he)(he)宮為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)傳授佛(fo)法。
金鼠年(nian)(1780年(nian),乾隆四十(shi)五年(nian))十(shi)一月二日下午,六世班禪在北(bei)京西(xi)黃(huang)寺(si)(si)因患天(tian)花治(zhi)療(liao)無效而圓寂,享(xiang)年(nian)42歲。班禪遺體在西(xi)黃(huang)寺(si)(si)停(ting)放了(le)6天(tian),供各界(jie)人士(shi)和(he)佛教徒(tu)瞻仰。然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)防腐藥水浸洗,移置(zhi)到(dao)由高(gao)宗(zong)御賜的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)7000兩黃(huang)金制(zhi)造的(de)(de)天(tian)降金塔(ta)里(li)。次年(nian)二月,六世班禪的(de)(de)靈塔(ta)運往西(xi)藏札什倫布(bu)(bu)寺(si)(si),札什倫布(bu)(bu)寺(si)(si)僧眾造了(le)一座大銀塔(ta),將御賜金塔(ta)供奉在內。高(gao)宗(zong)為了(le)紀念六世班禪,特命在他生(sheng)前住(zhu)過(guo)的(de)(de)西(xi)黃(huang)寺(si)(si),建立了(le)一座宏偉的(de)(de)"清凈化城塔(ta)"。寺(si)(si)內有清高(gao)宗(zong)御制(zhi)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)漢、滿、蒙、藏四種文字書(shu)寫(xie)的(de)(de)碑文。