望虞河是太(tai)湖主要泄河道之(zhi)一(yi),全長60.8km,沿線地(di)(di)形(xing)平坦。其西部為澄錫虞高(gao)地(di)(di),地(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)程多數在(zai)4.5~5.5米(mi)之(zhi)間,局(ju)部沿河的(de)湖蕩地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)程為3.5~4.5米(mi),為圩區(qu);東部為陽澄區(qu),地(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)程在(zai)3.5米(mi)左右,大部分為圩區(qu)。
望虞河(he)開鑿于公元前475年,由越(yue)大夫范(fan)蠡所建,南(nan)起太湖沙墩口,北(bei)至長江邊的耿(geng)徑口。千(qian)年時間(jian)流轉,望虞河(he)漸被堵塞,直(zhi)至中華人(ren)民共(gong)和國(guo)建國(guo)后才獲重新疏浚。
望(wang)虞河(he)沿途穿(chuan)(chuan)越漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鵝真(zhen)(zhen)蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)、嘉(jia)(jia)陵(ling)蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)三個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)),均(jun)(jun)為環(huan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)筑堤(di)、穿(chuan)(chuan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)過水(shui)(shui)(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)抽槽(cao)段底寬(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、底高(gao)程-0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))。漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)位(wei)(wei)于蘇(su)州相(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)與北(bei)(bei)橋(qiao)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao),西岸為無(wu)錫(xi)新吳區(qu)鴻山街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊近似橢圓形,東(dong)西長5.9千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬(kuan)1.5千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最寬(kuan)處(chu)2.1千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)約(yue)(yue)9.07平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),均(jun)(jun)屬相(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)盆(pen)較(jiao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦,西部(bu)稍(shao)深(shen),東(dong)部(bu)較(jiao)淺(qian)(qian),水(shui)(shui)深(shen)一般2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,最深(shen)3.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容(rong)(rong)積(ji)0.2億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),全湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進出水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)計22條。鵝真(zhen)(zhen)蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)東(dong)岸位(wei)(wei)于相(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)北(bei)(bei)橋(qiao)街(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao),西岸位(wei)(wei)于無(wu)錫(xi)錫(xi)山區(qu)鵝湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、甘(gan)露兩鎮,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長4.1千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬(kuan)1.3千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最寬(kuan)處(chu)2.9千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)約(yue)(yue)5.19平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其中相(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)2.24平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)岸曲折多彎(wan),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)床(chuang)不甚平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦,深(shen)淺(qian)(qian)懸殊較(jiao)大(da),一般水(shui)(shui)深(shen)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿岸水(shui)(shui)深(shen)不足2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容(rong)(rong)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)0.15億立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)共計14條。嘉(jia)(jia)菱蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)位(wei)(wei)于常(chang)(chang)熟市辛莊(zhuang)鎮張橋(qiao)集鎮南(nan)(nan),與無(wu)錫(xi)錫(xi)山區(qu)交界(jie)處(chu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊呈長方(fang)(fang)(fang)形,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長1.3千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)寬(kuan)0.85千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)約(yue)(yue)1.16平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸線(xian)長約(yue)(yue)4.7千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其中常(chang)(chang)熟境內(nei)分(fen)別約(yue)(yue)0.68平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)和(he)2.5千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底大(da)部(bu)高(gao)程約(yue)(yue)0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正常(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(3.60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))時湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)420萬立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河(he)口除望(wang)虞河(he)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)穿(chuan)(chuan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)外,尚有其他(ta)通湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河(he)口7個。
望虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)岸地形平坦,其(qi)西部(bu)為澄(cheng)錫(xi)虞(yu)(yu)高地,地面高程(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)在(zai)4.5~5.5米(mi)之間,局部(bu)沿河(he)(he)(he)沿湖蕩低洼地區(qu)為3.5~4.5米(mi),為圩區(qu);東(dong)部(bu)為陽(yang)澄(cheng)區(qu),地面高程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)3.5米(mi)左右,大(da)部(bu)分為圩區(qu)。望虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)沿線(xian)河(he)(he)(he)網水系(xi)發(fa)育,多(duo)數(shu)走向為東(dong)西走向,兩(liang)岸支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)眾多(duo),共(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)115處(chu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)配套(tao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)92座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),包括蘇州市境(jing)內60座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),無錫(xi)市境(jing)內30座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),兩(liang)市交界處(chu)2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(蠡(li)河(he)(he)(he)、月城河(he)(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))。東(dong)岸地區(qu)主要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流河(he)(he)(he)道有(you)(you)鹽鐵(tie)塘、福山塘、張(zhang)家港等,現有(you)(you)口(kou)門(men)37個(ge)(ge),為防止(zhi)望虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)洪水入侵陽(yang)澄(cheng)區(qu),支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)均建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu),口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)50座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。西岸地區(qu)較大(da)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)流河(he)(he)(he)道主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)伯瀆港、九(jiu)里河(he)(he)(he)、錫(xi)北運河(he)(he)(he)和張(zhang)家港等,共(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)78個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)41個(ge)(ge)口(kou)門(men)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)42座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),其(qi)余37個(ge)(ge)口(kou)門(men)仍(reng)敞開。2016年(nian)5月,《望虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)除(chu)險(xian)加固工程(cheng)(cheng)初步設計(ji)》經省(sheng)發(fa)改委(wei)批復,擬對沿線(xian)56座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)進行除(chu)險(xian)加固;《望虞(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)(he)西岸控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工程(cheng)(cheng)初步設計(ji)》于(yu)2016年(nian)11月經省(sheng)發(fa)改委(wei)批復,主要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設內容包括新建(jian)(jian)(jian)4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)樞紐、3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)泵閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)套(tao)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、20座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)節制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)拆除(chu)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo))、5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)涵閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)等共(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)35座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)支(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)及水系(xi)調整(zheng)等。