史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)出(chu)身(shen)(shen)于(yu)農耕(geng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)名(ming)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紹南,粗通文墨。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自幼聰穎好學(xue)(xue),不(bu)分寒暑,刻苦讀書(shu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)天性至(zhi)孝。一(yi)次(ci)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)染病(bing)(bing),服(fu)藥(yao)(yao)無效,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)于(yu)焦(jiao)慮(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),竟(jing)(jing)(jing)學(xue)(xue)古(gu)人(ren)割股(gu)肉和(he)藥(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)療(liao)疾,在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)地被傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佳(jia)話。官(guan)府(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此專(zhuan)門上(shang)(shang)報(bao)朝(chao)(chao)廷,以(yi)(yi)(yi)“孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)”名(ming)分得(de)授(shou)錢糧(liang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)歲時(shi),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考取秀才。明朝(chao)(chao)崇禎十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian),考取舉(ju)人(ren)。后(hou)(hou)見明朝(chao)(chao)風雨(yu)飄搖(yao),知其(qi)國祚不(bu)長,遂(sui)斷絕入仕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)念(nian),未(wei)繼續參(can)加會試(shi)(shi)。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了幫(bang)助父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)維(wei)持全(quan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)生計,便(bian)(bian)(bian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鄉學(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)授(shou)課為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)業。清朝(chao)(chao)定鼎中(zhong)原(yuan)后(hou)(hou),朝(chao)(chao)廷頻頻來(lai)召,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)屢(lv)屢(lv)拒(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。后(hou)(hou)見政局穩定,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批漢人(ren)紛紛入仕,遂(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)督促下(xia),決定參(can)加鄉試(shi)(shi),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與嚴我(wo)斯、蔡(cai)啟僔同舉(ju)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)甲午(wu)科(ke)浙江鄉試(shi)(shi),三(san)(san)(san)狀元鄉試(shi)(shi)同一(yi)榜(bang)(bang),傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佳(jia)話。順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)赴京會試(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)會試(shi)(shi)中(zhong),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)漢人(ren)南人(ren)榜(bang)(bang)第十(shi)(shi)(shi)八名(ming)貢士。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)參(can)加廷試(shi)(shi),讀卷(juan)(juan)(juan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)臣并(bing)未(wei)將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首卷(juan)(juan)(juan),只(zhi)將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第三(san)(san)(san)。順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)帝(di)(di)閱罷(ba)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)子(zi)(zi)(zi),說(shuo)(shuo)此卷(juan)(juan)(juan)“文氣光昌,字法敬慎(shen),必端人(ren)也。”殿試(shi)(shi)中(zhong),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)有(you)神(shen)助,竟(jing)(jing)(jing)被順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)帝(di)(di)特拔(ba),奪得(de)一(yi)甲第一(yi)名(ming),以(yi)(yi)(yi)狀元及(ji)第,被授(shou)翰(han)林(lin)院(yuan)修撰,時(shi)年(nian)(nian)40歲。順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戊戌(xu)科(ke)會試(shi)(shi)同考官(guan),隨充日(ri)(ri)講(jiang)官(guan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)京城任職四年(nian)(nian),因(yin)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)病(bing)(bing)告假,回歸鄉里。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)乃史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)長子(zi)(zi)(zi),且(qie)(qie)(qie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惟(wei)一(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)京為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)。此時(shi),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)年(nian)(nian)老(lao)體(ti)弱多病(bing)(bing)。由于(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)狀元及(ji)第后(hou)(hou),數年(nian)(nian)未(wei)歸,疾病(bing)(bing)纏身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)自然對他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分思(si)念(nian)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)知道,當(dang)時(shi)朝(chao)(chao)廷有(you)規(gui)定,在(zai)(zai)(zai)京為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)者,只(zhi)有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)期的(de)(de)“京察”后(hou)(hou),方可(ke)回鄉省親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),而(er)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)京為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)時(shi)間(jian)僅三(san)(san)(san)四年(nian)(nian),離省親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)尚遠。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)解(jie)思(si)念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)便(bian)(bian)(bian)請(qing)當(dang)地的(de)(de)一(yi)位畫(hua)家(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自己繪了一(yi)幅(fu)畫(hua)像寄(ji)(ji)給兒子(zi)(zi)(zi),并(bing)讓兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)也畫(hua)一(yi)幅(fu)自己的(de)(de)畫(hua)像寄(ji)(ji)回家(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接到了父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)來(lai)信和(he)畫(hua)像后(hou)(hou),不(bu)由大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)慟。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)意識(shi)到,本來(lai)就多病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此來(lai)解(jie)思(si)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)神(shen)慌意亂,晨夕(xi)難安。經(jing)過激烈的(de)(de)思(si)想斗爭(zheng),決定給順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)帝(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)疏。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)疏書(shu)中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):“臣父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)思(si)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)見,思(si)見子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)儀容;呼(hu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)來(lai),頻呼(hu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)字。臣若忍(ren)此,不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)子(zi)(zi)(zi),亦何以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)臣!”順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)帝(di)(di)覽此疏,竟(jing)(jing)(jing)淚眼盈眶,心生惻隱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,特地批準他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)請(qing)假回家(jia)(jia)(jia),奉(feng)養父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)終天年(nian)(nian)。并(bing)且(qie)(qie)(qie)下(xia)詔將(jiang)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)“京察”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)“京察”。史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)格外開恩感激涕(ti)零(ling),表謝(xie)再三(san)(san)(san)。將(jiang)手頭事(shi)務(wu)向(xiang)(xiang)翰(han)林(lin)院(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)士交卸(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),便(bian)(bian)(bian)匆匆上(shang)(shang)路。不(bu)想途中(zhong),便(bian)(bian)(bian)遇到專(zhuan)程赴京向(xiang)(xiang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)報(bao)喪的(de)(de)人(ren)。原(yuan)來(lai),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)已十(shi)(shi)(shi)天前辭世。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)突聞噩(e)耗(hao),竟(jing)(jing)(jing)昏倒在(zai)(zai)(zai)地,經(jing)搶救(jiu)后(hou)(hou)方才蘇醒(xing),醒(xing)后(hou)(hou)便(bian)(bian)(bian)哀號不(bu)止(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)致病(bing)(bing)倒。回到家(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong),又忙于(yu)操辦(ban)喪事(shi),悲哀加忙碌(liu),終于(yu)臥(wo)床不(bu)起(qi)(qi)。身(shen)(shen)體(ti)稍微有(you)些起(qi)(qi)色(se),便(bian)(bian)(bian)向(xiang)(xiang)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)帝(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)疏,匯報(bao)其(qi)事(shi),并(bing)請(qing)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)守(shou)制三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)。服(fu)闋期滿(man),又見母(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)不(bu)佳(jia),再次(ci)上(shang)(shang)書(shu)朝(chao)(chao)廷,請(qing)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)奉(feng)養老(lao)母(mu)(mu),并(bing)且(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)居便(bian)(bian)(bian)是(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)。據(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)住了三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou),當(dang)地官(guan)吏(li)見他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)尚健,便(bian)(bian)(bian)向(xiang)(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)廷劾舉(ju)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)欺(qi)騙朝(chao)(chao)廷。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此,朝(chao)(chao)廷曾多次(ci)召其(qi)返京復職,但是(shi),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)卻(que)不(bu)予理會,常對人(ren)說(shuo)(shuo):“豈能(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職而(er)易一(yi)日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)養乎!”而(er)后(hou)(hou),又因(yin)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)去世,丁(ding)憂在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)。朝(chao)(chao)廷見史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屢(lv)召不(bu)還,遂(sui)將(jiang)其(qi)削(xue)職。
康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)帝(di)即位,史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)守(shou)喪期滿,因康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)親(qin)(qin)政(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)赦天下而得(de)(de)免于追究。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)五(wu)年(nian),史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)充(chong)任(ren)(ren)順(shun)(shun)天武闈鄉(xiang)(xiang)試(shi)主(zhu)考官(guan)。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)八年(nian),史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)任(ren)(ren)順(shun)(shun)天鄉(xiang)(xiang)試(shi)主(zhu)考,康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1672),由侍讀學士(shi)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)內閣學士(shi)、經筵日講(jiang)起居注官(guan)。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)十(shi)二(er)年(nian),史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)禮部左侍郎(lang)兼翰林院(yuan)學士(shi)。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)十(shi)三年(nian),轉為(wei)(wei)禮部右侍郎(lang)至仕。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)十(shi)五(wu)年(nian),任(ren)(ren)殿試(shi)讀卷官(guan)等。史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)屢掌文(wen)衡,始終盡(jin)(jin)心盡(jin)(jin)力,廉潔公正,恪盡(jin)(jin)職(zhi)(zhi)守(shou),按才選(xuan)擇(ze),唯才是舉(ju)。史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)曾(ceng)(ceng)多次(ci)典司(si)科考,被認(ren)為(wei)(wei)是稱(cheng)職(zhi)(zhi)的(de)考官(guan)。在(zai)康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)年(nian)間,史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)奉詔返(fan)京,充(chong)任(ren)(ren)講(jiang)官(guan),累官(guan)至禮部左侍郎(lang),數次(ci)主(zhu)持順(shun)(shun)天鄉(xiang)(xiang)試(shi)及(ji)會(hui)試(shi),且政(zheng)聲卓著(zhu),空前絕后。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)十(shi)五(wu)年(nian),史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)退(tui)休辭(ci)官(guan)。史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)曾(ceng)(ceng)充(chong)任(ren)(ren)日講(jiang)官(guan)、經筵講(jiang)官(guan)等,為(wei)(wei)皇帝(di)及(ji)滿族貴族官(guan)員講(jiang)解(jie)漢(han)族傳統文(wen)化。使(shi)漢(han)、滿民族增(zeng)進了解(jie)。當朝(chao)(chao)議(yi)各執己見(jian)時,他(ta)善于綜(zong)合、折衷,以達(da)到融和(he)。據說在(zai)他(ta)任(ren)(ren)主(zhu)考官(guan)時,有人(ren)上(shang)書康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)皇帝(di),建議(yi)免除朝(chao)(chao)廷對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)節婦(fu)的(de)糧米供給(gei),他(ta)們說:“孝(xiao)順(shun)(shun)父母,為(wei)(wei)丈夫守(shou)節,是他(ta)們份(fen)內之事(shi),與朝(chao)(chao)廷何干?”史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)這種議(yi)論予以堅決駁(bo)斥,他(ta)說:“為(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不孝(xiao),為(wei)(wei)婦(fu)不貞,又與朝(chao)(chao)廷何干?但(dan)為(wei)(wei)何卻要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)他(ta)們繩之以法?”康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)他(ta)的(de)意(yi)見(jian)十(shi)分贊(zan)賞(shang),令對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)節婦(fu)之糧米供應(ying)不得(de)(de)減(jian)免。他(ta)淡(dan)泊名利(li)。曾(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)服侍父母削籍革職(zhi)(zhi),他(ta)泰然處之,棄官(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)棄敝(bi)履。但(dan)為(wei)(wei)民辦事(shi)卻記在(zai)心中(zhong)。即使(shi)棄官(guan)在(zai)鄉(xiang)(xiang),也廣(guang)行善事(shi)。他(ta)捐資,首創義(yi)修家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)水利(li)。他(ta)的(de)母親(qin)(qin)去世后,曾(ceng)(ceng)返(fan)京復職(zhi)(zhi),不久以疾(ji)辭(ci)官(guan)。康(kang)(kang)熙(xi)(xi)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)卒(zu)于鄉(xiang)(xiang)里。史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)擅長于詩(shi)文(wen),尤善制舉(ju)業文(wen),士(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)多敬(jing)重和(he)效法。著(zhu)有《八行堂詩(shi)文(wen)》。