林(lin)則(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)念(nian)碑矗(chu)立(li)在(zai)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)莞市(shi)虎門鎮沙(sha)角炮(pao)臺(tai)下瀕海操場上。該紀(ji)念(nian)碑是(shi)紀(ji)念(nian)民族英雄林(lin)則(ze)徐(xu)的(de)豐功偉績(ji)。建(jian)于(yu)新(xin)中國成立(li)之前,碑名(ming)是(shi)由當時廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)主(zhu)席陳(chen)銘樞所題,一直以來保(bao)存(cun)完好,供游人參觀,敬(jing)仰民族英雄林(lin)則(ze)徐(xu)。
林(lin)(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)念碑(bei)矗立在沙(sha)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炮臺下(xia),瀕海操場上,該碑(bei)是紀(ji)念民(min)族(zu)英雄林(lin)(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)的(de)(de)(de)豐功(gong)偉績(ji)。1839年(nian),林(lin)(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)督(du)粵,開展雷厲風行的(de)(de)(de)禁(jin)毒運動(dong),是年(nian)4月(yue),他督(du)率虎門(men)水師(shi)在沙(sha)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)收繳英商鴉片118.5萬多公斤,運抵虎門(men)水師(shi)衙署,6月(yue)3日(ri)起在鎮口海灘當眾悉(xi)數銷化。事后(hou),他會同兩廣(guang)總(zong)督(du)鄧廷(ting)楨,水師(shi)提督(du)關(guan)天培(pei)在虎門(men)籌防御侮,多次(ci)坐鎮沙(sha)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)操演(yan)水師(shi),訓練水勇,登舟巡海,調(diao)兵(bing)布防,多次(ci)擊敗入侵之敵,使鴉片戰(zhan)爭前哨戰(zhan)節節勝利,創造(zao)了(le)名震中外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)“金鎖銅關(guan)”陣防,以至英軍(jun)大舉侵華(hua)時(shi),不敢貿然進(jin)犯(fan)珠江口,而改道北犯(fan)。由于朝政昏庸,林(lin)(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)被革職。琦善接任后(hou)媚外(wai)辱國,拆卸(xie)軍(jun)防,裁減守兵(bing)戰(zhan)將,導(dao)致沙(sha)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、大角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)失守,威遠、橫檔淪陷,侵略者擁艦載炮直逼廣(guang)州,鴉片戰(zhan)爭遭(zao)受慘(can)重(zhong)失敗,清廷(ting)從此(ci)割地求和,留下(xia)了(le)100多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)奇(qi)恥大辱。但(dan)林(lin)(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)的(de)(de)(de)反帝(di)御侮的(de)(de)(de)浩然正氣一直長存人間。20世紀(ji)30年(nian)代,虎門(men)人民(min)在沙(sha)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)海岸建造(zao)紀(ji)念碑(bei)以垂永(yong)志。該碑(bei)通高(gao)6.05米(mi),為正方梯式,碑(bei)礎亦正方形(xing),分(fen)(fen)三級,邊長3.9米(mi),通體以水磨石米(mi)分(fen)(fen)色(se)裝飾,陰刻“林(lin)(lin)公則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)念碑(bei)”,為當時(shi)廣(guang)東省主席陳銘樞所題。現在,通碑(bei)保(bao)存完好,旁邊還放置在鴉片戰(zhan)爭中發揮(hui)極大作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)國產(chan)“功(gong)勞炮”相襯,供游人景仰。
2011年(nian)6月3日,是(shi)林則徐虎門銷煙(yan)161周(zhou)年(nian)。林則徐是(shi)我國近代史(shi)上第一個抵(di)抗外國侵略的(de)(de)民(min)族英雄,他(ta)作為反帝(di)斗爭的(de)(de)偉(wei)大愛國主義先軀及其禁(jin)煙(yan)的(de)(de)偉(wei)大壯舉,永遠值得后人(ren)的(de)(de)懷(huai)念(nian)。
十(shi)(shi)八世紀末期起,英國(guo)(guo)殖民(min)(min)主義者一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)用外(wai)交方(fang)式(shi)和武(wu)(wu)裝挑畔以(yi)沖(chong)破清(qing)政府的(de)(de)閉(bi)關(guan)政策,一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)逐步(bu)擴大(da)(da)鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)貿易,借以(yi)攫取暴利。此(ci)后,鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)源(yuan)源(yuan)流(liu)入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo),1800年(nian)(nian)(嘉慶五(wu)年(nian)(nian)),外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(主要是(shi)英國(guo)(guo))輸入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)為四(si)千五(wu)百(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)箱(xiang),至1938年(nian)(nian)(道光十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian))激增為四(si)萬零二百(bai)箱(xiang)。鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)潮涌而入,嚴(yan)(yan)重毒(du)害了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min),并引(yin)起白銀(yin)大(da)(da)量外(wai)流(liu),銀(yin)價飛漲,清(qing)廷財政拮據,統治危相更(geng)加嚴(yan)(yan)重。時任湖廣總督(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu),痛感鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)流(liu)毒(du)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華,造成(cheng)民(min)(min)窮兵弱(ruo)銀(yin)涸,在任內嚴(yan)(yan)禁吸食鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian),成(cheng)效卓著。1838年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue),林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)上(shang)(shang)奏道光帝,極(ji)言(yan)鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)危害,主張嚴(yan)(yan)加查禁,指出(chu)(chu)"若猶泄泄視之(zhi),是(shi)使數十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)后,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原幾無可(ke)(ke)以(yi)御(yu)敵之(zhi)兵,且(qie)無可(ke)(ke)以(yi)充餉(xiang)之(zhi)銀(yin)"。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)31日(ri),道光帝命林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)為飲差大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen),前往廣東禁煙。1939年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri),林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)抵達(da)廣州(zhou),他一(yi)(yi)面(mian)與兩廣總督(du)(du)(du)鄧廷楨(zhen)、廣東水師提督(du)(du)(du)關(guan)天(tian)培加緊整頓(dun)海(hai)防逮捕煙販;一(yi)(yi)面(mian)于3月(yue)(yue)(yue)18日(ri)通令我國(guo)(guo)煙商(shang)(shang),限期三(san)天(tian),將躉(dun)船(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)所存鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)造冊繳官(guan),并出(chu)(chu)具甘結,聲明(ming)"嗣后永不敢帶(dai)鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian),如再夾(jia)帶(dai),查出(chu)(chu),人即正法,貨盡入官(guan)"。林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)還(huan)嚴(yan)(yan)正聲明(ming),"若鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)未絕,本大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)不回(hui),誓與此(ci)事(shi)相始終,斷無中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)之(zhi)理"。但英商(shang)(shang)駐華商(shang)(shang)務監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)義律抗(kang)拒禁煙,唆使英帝拒交鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)。3月(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri),林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)下(xia)令封(feng)艙,停止(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)英貿易,派兵封(feng)鎖(suo)洋(yang)館,撤退(tui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)雇員,迫使英商(shang)(shang)繳煙。4月(yue)(yue)(yue)到5月(yue)(yue)(yue),林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)率領(ling)文武(wu)(wu)官(guan)員,從躉(dun)船(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)收繳了英國(guo)(guo)、港腳(印度)、美國(guo)(guo)商(shang)(shang)人的(de)(de)鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)二百(bai)三(san)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)萬余斤。6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)至25日(ri),廣州(zhou)濱海(hai)門戶虎門海(hai)灘上(shang)(shang),林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)當(dang)眾銷毀鴉(ya)(ya)片(pian)(pian)。這一(yi)(yi)壯舉宣告了禁煙運動的(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)(da)勝利,也是(shi)對(dui)英國(guo)(guo)侵(qin)略者的(de)(de)沉重打擊。
新中國成立(li)(li)(li)前,虎門(men)(men)要塞司(si)令曾在(zai)當年(nian)銷(xiao)煙(yan)的(de)地(di)方(fang)立(li)(li)(li)了(le)(le)一座高約一米的(de)“林(lin)文(wen)忠公銷(xiao)煙(yan)處(chu)”的(de)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)。但無人(ren)(ren)管(guan)理(li),整個銷(xiao)煙(yan)池(chi)(chi)舊址雜草叢生,荒(huang)蕪不堪(kan)。新中國成立(li)(li)(li)后,為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)虎門(men)(men)銷(xiao)煙(yan)這(zhe)一大(da)義凜(lin)然的(de)壯(zhuang)舉(ju),紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)這(zhe)一偉大(da)的(de)民(min)族(zu)英(ying)雄,黨和政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1957年(nian)在(zai)銷(xiao)煙(yan)池(chi)(chi)舊址上建立(li)(li)(li)了(le)(le)林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)。樹起了(le)(le)“林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”。1972年(nian),由于(yu)(yu)(yu)眾所(suo)(suo)周知的(de)原因,將“林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)”改(gai)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“鴉(ya)(ya)(ya)片戰爭虎門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)民(min)抗(kang)英(ying)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)”,把(ba)(ba)“林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”改(gai)成“鴉(ya)(ya)(ya)片戰爭虎門(men)(men)人(ren)(ren)民(min)抗(kang)英(ying)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”。這(zhe)無疑是不合建館(guan)(guan)的(de)原意。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是,在(zai)1985年(nian),重(zhong)新定(ding)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“虎門(men)(men)林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)”,為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)更(geng)好地(di)收(shou)集、研究鴉(ya)(ya)(ya)片戰爭歷(li)史的(de)文(wen)物資料,保護(hu)鴉(ya)(ya)(ya)片戰爭遺址,向人(ren)(ren)們進行愛國主義教育和民(min)族(zu)優秀傳統教育,再增加(jia)一個館(guan)(guan)名(ming)“鴉(ya)(ya)(ya)片戰爭博(bo)物館(guan)(guan)”(現(xian)在(zai)兩個館(guan)(guan)名(ming),一套(tao)班(ban)子,一個館(guan)(guan)址)。1987年(nian),東莞市人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)先后從海(hai)軍部(bu)隊接管(guan)了(le)(le)沙角炮(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)和威(wei)遠炮(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai),并分別(bie)成立(li)(li)(li)沙角炮(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)管(guan)理(li)所(suo)(suo)和威(wei)遠炮(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)管(guan)理(li)所(suo)(suo),交由該館(guan)(guan)管(guan)理(li)。隨后,1989年(nian)把(ba)(ba)原有(you)的(de)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)拆除,樹起了(le)(le)由林(lin)則(ze)(ze)徐(xu)銅像與花(hua)崗石臥碑(bei)像結合的(de)“虎門(men)(men)銷(xiao)化鴉(ya)(ya)(ya)片紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”。
我國于1985年8月30日,林則(ze)徐(xu)誕生(sheng)二(er)百周年之(zhi)際,發行(xing)了(le)紀念(nian)郵票一套(J115),共2枚。第一枚是(shi)林則(ze)徐(xu)寫生(sheng)像,由(you)林則(ze)徐(xu)同代人所畫(hua)(此畫(hua)現藏中(zhong)國革命(ming)國歷史博物館),肖(xiao)像背景(jing)是(shi)林則(ze)徐(xu)的詩句:"茍利國家生(sheng)以死,豈因禍福避趨之(zhi)"。由(you)費(fei)孝通書寫。第二(er)枚便(bian)是(shi)虎門(men)銷(xiao)煙(yan)的轟轟烈(lie)場(chang)面,圖案采(cai)用(yong)北京(jing)人民英雄紀念(nian)碑(bei)東側(ce)右首的浮雕(diao)《虎門(men)銷(xiao)煙(yan)》圖,表現了(le)林則(ze)徐(xu)一生(sheng)的主要功績。