董賢,字圣(sheng)卿,馮翊云陽(今陜西涇陽西北)人(ren)。父親董恭,擔任御史時,起(qi)用董賢擔任太子舍人(ren)。綏和(he)二年(前(qian)7年),漢哀帝劉欣即(ji)位(wei),董賢隨(sui)之升任為(wei)郎官。
建平二年(nian)(前5年(nian)),董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)在殿下傳奏時,他(ta)因為(wei)(wei)人(ren)漂亮而(er)沾(zhan)沾(zhan)自喜(xi),漢哀帝望見后,對他(ta)的容貌很喜(xi)歡,記住而(er)后問他(ta),說:“是舍人(ren)董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)嗎?”于是招他(ta)上前與他(ta)談話,升(sheng)任(ren)(ren)黃門郎,由此開始受(shou)到寵幸。當問到他(ta)的父親是云中(zhong)(zhong)侯(hou)董(dong)(dong)(dong)恭時,當日(ri)征召擔任(ren)(ren)霸(ba)陵縣(xian)令(ling),升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)光祿大夫。董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)得(de)寵日(ri)甚,擔任(ren)(ren)駙馬都尉、侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),漢哀帝出則陪同乘車,入(ru)則隨(sui)侍(shi)左右,一月之內所得(de)賞賜總共(gong)達(da)一萬萬錢,其(qi)富(fu)貴(gui)震(zhen)動朝廷。
董(dong)賢(xian)性情柔和喜歡(huan)逢迎漢哀(ai)(ai)帝(di),他(ta)(ta)會用諂(chan)媚(mei)來鞏固自己的地(di)位。漢哀(ai)(ai)帝(di)每次給他(ta)(ta)休息日,他(ta)(ta)都(dou)不肯(ken)出去,常常在(zai)宮中服侍漢哀(ai)(ai)帝(di)。漢哀(ai)(ai)帝(di)認為(wei)(wei)董(dong)賢(xian)難以回家,于是下詔讓董(dong)賢(xian)的妻(qi)子能夠(gou)直接(jie)進到宮殿(dian)中,住在(zai)殿(dian)中董(dong)賢(xian)的住處,像長吏(li)的妻(qi)子能夠(gou)住在(zai)官(guan)舍一樣。又召來董(dong)賢(xian)的妹妹讓她做了(le)昭儀,地(di)位僅次于皇后(hou)(hou),把她的住舍改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)椒(jiao)風,來與皇后(hou)(hou)的椒(jiao)房相配(pei)。
董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)從(cong)早到(dao)晚(wan)侍(shi)立漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)左右,漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)賞(shang)賜董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)也各以千萬來計算。漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)升任董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)父(fu)親董(dong)(dong)恭擔任少府,賜爵(jue)關內(nei)(nei)侯收其(qi)賦稅(shui)而(er)(er)(er)食,后又遷徙擔任衛尉。漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)又讓董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)岳父(fu)擔任將作(zuo)大(da)匠(jiang),董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)弟擔任執金吾。漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)下詔令(ling)將作(zuo)大(da)匠(jiang)替董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)在北闕(que)下建造(zao)大(da)房屋,其(qi)有(you)前后殿并且門(men)(men)門(men)(men)相對(dui),建筑極盡精巧華麗。董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)以下到(dao)董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)家(jia)的(de)(de)仆人都(dou)受到(dao)漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)賞(shang)賜,賞(shang)及武庫兵器、上(shang)方珍寶(bao)(bao)。選取物用(yong)時,上(shang)等的(de)(de)盡由(you)董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian),而(er)(er)(er)乘(cheng)車所穿的(de)(de)衣服(fu),其(qi)級(ji)別(bie)僅次于皇(huang)帝(di)(di)。直到(dao)棺梓、由(you)黃(huang)金連縫(feng)(feng)珠寶(bao)(bao)而(er)(er)(er)成的(de)(de)珠襦、由(you)黃(huang)金連縫(feng)(feng)玉塊(kuai)而(er)(er)(er)成的(de)(de)玉柙,準備將它們賞(shang)賜給董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)的(de)(de),沒(mei)有(you)不(bu)齊備的(de)(de)。漢哀(ai)帝(di)(di)又讓將作(zuo)大(da)匠(jiang)為董(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)在義(yi)陵旁建造(zao)墳塋,內(nei)(nei)有(you)小室用(yong)堅剛之柏向內(nei)(nei)致(zhi)累(lei)而(er)(er)(er)成,外(wai)為巡行警(jing)戒之道(dao),周圍幾里,門(men)(men)闕(que)以及門(men)(men)外(wai)之屏很多。
建平(ping)四年(前(qian)3年)三月,漢(han)(han)(han)哀帝想給董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)封侯(hou)(hou)但(dan)沒有(you)緣由。正好待詔(zhao)孫(sun)寵(chong)、息(xi)夫(fu)躬(gong)等(deng)控告(gao)東(dong)平(ping)王劉云的妻子(zi)伍謁在祭祀時(shi)訴于(yu)(yu)鬼神,使其(qi)降禍(huo)于(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)憎惡之人(ren),漢(han)(han)(han)哀帝把(ba)這事委付(fu)給有(you)關部門處理,都認了(le)罪(zui)。漢(han)(han)(han)哀帝這時(shi)命(ming)令孫(sun)寵(chong)、息(xi)夫(fu)躬(gong)通過(guo)董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)控告(gao)東(dong)平(ping)王這件事的,就因其(qi)功勞下詔(zhao)封董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)為高安侯(hou)(hou),息(xi)夫(fu)躬(gong)為宜陵(ling)侯(hou)(hou),孫(sun)寵(chong)為方陽侯(hou)(hou),食(shi)邑各一(yi)千戶。不久,又(you)增封董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)二千戶。丞相王嘉(jia)心(xin)里懷(huai)疑東(dong)平(ping)王一(yi)事冤枉,非常討厭息(xi)夫(fu)躬(gong)等(deng)人(ren),并多次力諫漢(han)(han)(han)哀帝,認為董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)擾亂了(le)國家制度,王嘉(jia)最后(hou)因談論(lun)此事下獄(yu)而死。八(ba)月,漢(han)(han)(han)哀帝派中黃門到武庫(ku)拿兵器,前(qian)后(hou)十次,送(song)到董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的住所(suo)(suo)。
漢哀帝剛(gang)剛(gang)即(ji)位時,其(qi)祖母傅(fu)太(tai)后、母親丁(ding)太(tai)后都還活(huo)著,傅(fu)、丁(ding)兩家先富貴起來。傅(fu)太(tai)后的堂弟(di)傅(fu)喜最初擔(dan)任大(da)司(si)馬(ma)輔政,多(duo)次勸諫漢哀帝,違背傅(fu)太(tai)后的意圖,而被免官。漢哀帝的舅(jiu)舅(jiu)丁(ding)明代任大(da)司(si)馬(ma),也很(hen)稱職,但很(hen)忌妒董賢(xian)受寵。
元(yuan)壽元(yuan)年(前2年)三(san)月,丞(cheng)相(xiang)王嘉因(yin)罪(zui)(zui)被殺(sha),丁明(ming)非常同(tong)情(qing)他(ta)。漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝更(geng)加器重(zhong)董(dong)賢(xian),想給(gei)予(yu)他(ta)最(zui)高(gao)職位(wei),但丁明(ming)不滿意,于是以詔令的(de)形式數落(luo)了丁明(ming)的(de)罪(zui)(zui)狀(zhuang),將(jiang)其(qi)免官(guan)(guan)讓其(qi)回家。同(tong)年十(shi)二月初(chu)六(liu)日,漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝讓董(dong)賢(xian)代替丁明(ming)擔任(ren)大司馬(ma)、衛將(jiang)軍。當時董(dong)賢(xian)年齡為二十(shi)二歲,雖為三(san)公(gong),但常在殿中執事,掌(zhang)管尚書,百官(guan)(guan)靠董(dong)賢(xian)向漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝奏事。董(dong)賢(xian)認為他(ta)的(de)父親董(dong)恭(gong)不應處(chu)在卿位(wei),于是調任(ren)光祿大夫(fu),俸(feng)祿為中二千石。董(dong)賢(xian)的(de)弟弟董(dong)寬信代替董(dong)賢(xian)擔任(ren)駙馬(ma)都尉。董(dong)氏(shi)親屬都以侍中諸曹的(de)身份(fen)奉朝請,他(ta)們所得漢(han)(han)哀(ai)帝的(de)寵愛在丁、傅兩家之(zhi)上。
元壽二年(nian)(前1年(nian))正月,匈奴單(dan)于來朝,漢哀(ai)帝賜宴時召見(jian)(jian)使者,群臣在前面(mian)。匈奴單(dan)于對(dui)于董賢(xian)年(nian)輕感(gan)到驚疑,于是(shi)詢問翻譯,漢哀(ai)帝令(ling)翻譯回(hui)答說(shuo):“大司馬(ma)年(nian)輕,因非常有賢(xian)能擔任官職。”匈奴單(dan)于于是(shi)起身(shen)拜見(jian)(jian),恭賀漢朝獲得賢(xian)臣。
起(qi)初(chu),丞相(xiang)孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)擔(dan)任御史大(da)(da)夫,當時董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)父親(qin)董(dong)恭擔(dan)任御史,侍奉孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)。到(dao)元(yuan)壽二年(前1年)五(wu)月初(chu)二日,朝(chao)廷正式(shi)確定三公官名和各自(zi)的(de)分工職掌。任命(ming)董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)大(da)(da)司(si)馬;丞相(xiang)孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)為(wei)大(da)(da)司(si)徒(tu);彭宣為(wei)大(da)(da)司(si)空,封長(chang)平侯。漢(han)哀帝(di)(di)有意讓(rang)董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)暗中超過孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)。孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)極其恭謹,知道漢(han)哀帝(di)(di)想(xiang)使董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)受到(dao)別(bie)人尊寵,到(dao)聽(ting)說董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)快(kuai)來時,孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)穿好(hao)衣(yi)服(fu)戴好(hao)帽子(zi)出門(men)等(deng)待(dai),在(zai)遠處望見董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)車(che)子(zi)就(jiu)退進去。董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)到(dao)達中門(men),孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)又進入門(men)旁小屋,董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)下車(che)之后,孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)就(jiu)出來拜請他,送迎非常謹慎,不敢以接待(dai)同等(deng)地位的(de)人的(de)禮(li)節接待(dai)他。董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)回去后,漢(han)哀帝(di)(di)聽(ting)說這件事后很高興,立即提拔孔(kong)(kong)光(guang)兩(liang)個哥(ge)哥(ge)的(de)兒子(zi)擔(dan)任諫大(da)(da)夫常侍。董(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)從此擁(yong)有的(de)權力與皇帝(di)(di)相(xiang)等(deng)。
當時,漢(han)(han)成(cheng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外戚王(wang)氏(shi)家(jia)道衰(shuai)落,只有平阿侯(hou)王(wang)譚的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)王(wang)去(qu)疾,在漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)為太子(zi)時擔(dan)任(ren)庶子(zi)得(de)到寵幸(xing),到漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)即(ji)位后(hou),擔(dan)任(ren)侍(shi)中(zhong)騎都(dou)(dou)尉。漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)上認為王(wang)氏(shi)沒(mei)有高(gao)居官位的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),于(yu)是(shi)因舊(jiu)恩親近王(wang)去(qu)疾,又提拔他的(de)(de)(de)(de)弟弟王(wang)閎(hong)擔(dan)任(ren)中(zhong)常侍(shi)。王(wang)閎(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)岳父蕭(xiao)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),是(shi)前(qian)任(ren)將(jiang)軍蕭(xiao)望之的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi),長久擔(dan)任(ren)郡守,因患病被免,擔(dan)任(ren)中(zhong)郎將(jiang)。蕭(xiao)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蕭(xiao)育兄(xiong)弟并在朝廷,董(dong)賢的(de)(de)(de)(de)父親董(dong)恭(gong)很羨(xian)慕他們,想與他們結(jie)為親家(jia)。王(wang)閎(hong)替董(dong)賢的(de)(de)(de)(de)弟弟駙(fu)馬都(dou)(dou)尉董(dong)寬信求娶蕭(xiao)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)女兒(er)為妻(qi),蕭(xiao)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)惶恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢當,暗(an)中(zhong)對(dui)王(wang)閎(hong)說:“董(dong)公為大司馬,皇(huang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)冊(ce)文說‘在朝中(zhong)掌事誠信’,這乃是(shi)堯禪位給舜之文,不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)三公舊(jiu)制,年長的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)見到這,沒(mei)有誰不(bu)(bu)(bu)害(hai)怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這難(nan)道是(shi)我(wo)(wo)家(jia)女兒(er)所能承受得(de)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嗎?”王(wang)閎(hong)秉性有智略(lve),聽了(le)蕭(xiao)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話,內心(xin)里也明(ming)白了(le)。于(yu)是(shi)回去(qu)告訴董(dong)恭(gong),巧妙地(di)(di)表達了(le)蕭(xiao)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)自我(wo)(wo)謙虛(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢高(gao)攀的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思。董(dong)恭(gong)嘆(tan)息說:“我(wo)(wo)家(jia)因什么(me)對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之人(ren),而(er)被人(ren)所害(hai)怕到這種程度(du)!”心(xin)里不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)興。后(hou)來漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)在麟麒殿擺酒宴(yan),與董(dong)賢父子(zi)及(ji)親屬聚(ju)飲(yin),王(wang)閎(hong)兄(xiong)弟侍(shi)中(zhong)、中(zhong)常侍(shi)都(dou)(dou)在旁侍(shi)候(hou)。漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)有一些酒意,不(bu)(bu)(bu)慌不(bu)(bu)(bu)忙地(di)(di)看著董(dong)賢而(er)笑(xiao),說道:“我(wo)(wo)想效法堯禪位舜,怎么(me)樣?”王(wang)閎(hong)進言(yan)道:“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)高(gao)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)下(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)繼承帝(di)(di)(di)(di)系,應當傳(chuan)位給子(zi)孫直到無窮。世代相(xiang)傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大事至關重(zhong)要(yao),皇(huang)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)隨口說!”漢(han)(han)哀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)默然不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)興,左(zuo)右之人(ren)都(dou)(dou)害(hai)怕。于(yu)是(shi)把王(wang)閎(hong)趕出去(qu),以后(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)再(zai)侍(shi)宴(yan)。
元壽二(er)年(前1年)六月二(er)十六日,漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)駕崩。太皇(huang)太后王(wang)政(zheng)君召來大(da)(da)司(si)馬董(dong)賢(xian),在東廂接(jie)見,問(wen)他如何安(an)排喪(sang)事。董(dong)賢(xian)內心擔憂發愁,回答不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu),免冠道歉(qian)。王(wang)政(zheng)君說:“新都侯王(wang)莽以(yi)前以(yi)大(da)(da)司(si)馬的身份處理過先帝(di)喪(sang)事,知(zhi)曉舊例,我令(ling)王(wang)莽幫助(zhu)你。”董(dong)賢(xian)叩頭以(yi)示自(zi)己受到(dao)很大(da)(da)寵幸。王(wang)政(zheng)君派(pai)遣使者召見王(wang)莽。王(wang)莽到(dao)達后,借助(zhu)太皇(huang)太后指使尚書(shu)彈(dan)劾董(dong)賢(xian)在漢(han)哀(ai)帝(di)臥病(bing)時不(bu)(bu)(bu)親(qin)侍醫藥,禁止(zhi)董(dong)賢(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得出(chu)入殿中司(si)馬府大(da)(da)門。董(dong)賢(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)為何,到(dao)殿庭摘帽(mao)赤腳步行謝罪。
六月二十七日,王(wang)莽派謁者以太(tai)皇太(tai)后詔書的(de)名(ming)義就(jiu)在宮殿下(xia)給董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢下(xia)詔說:“自從董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢入宮以來,陰(yin)陽不調,災害并至,平民遭罪(zui)。三公,是皇上最重要的(de)輔(fu)臣,高(gao)安(an)侯董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢不懂得事物道(dao)理,擔任大司馬(ma)不能令(ling)眾人(ren)滿意,不能用來擊敗敵人(ren)安(an)撫邊遠地(di)方。收(shou)回大司馬(ma)印綬,令(ling)董(dong)(dong)(dong)賢罷官回家。”
當日董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)他的(de)妻子(zi)(zi)都(dou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha),他們(men)家(jia)里的(de)人非常(chang)害怕就在夜晚埋葬(zang)了。王莽懷(huai)疑(yi)他假裝(zhuang)稱死(si),有(you)(you)司奏(zou)請(qing)(qing)打開(kai)(kai)董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)棺(guan)材,前(qian)去驗看。王莽又暗示大司徒孔(kong)光上(shang)奏(zou):“董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)生性(xing)善于(yu)諂媚(mei),與(yu)邪惡不(bu)(bu)正之(zhi)人相(xiang)勾結來獲取封侯,父(fu)子(zi)(zi)把持朝政,兄(xiong)弟并(bing)受(shou)寵愛,過多(duo)地接(jie)受(shou)賞賜,大規模建造(zao)住(zhu)宅,建筑墳塋(ying),仿效(xiao)君王沒(mei)有(you)(you)節度,與(yu)皇上(shang)的(de)陵(ling)墓(mu)無(wu)異(yi),其費用以萬萬錢(qian)來計算,國家(jia)因(yin)此(ci)空虛。父(fu)子(zi)(zi)傲慢(man)不(bu)(bu)順,直(zhi)到不(bu)(bu)敬皇上(shang)派遣的(de)使者,接(jie)受(shou)賞賜不(bu)(bu)跪拜,罪(zui)惡非常(chang)明顯。董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)自(zi)(zi)(zi)殺(sha)認罪(zui),死(si)后(hou)(hou)他的(de)父(fu)親(qin)董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)恭以及其他人不(bu)(bu)悔過,并(bing)且又在棺(guan)材涂上(shang)朱(zhu)砂,并(bing)雕畫以四季(ji)之(zhi)色,左邊(bian)是蒼龍,右邊(bian)是白(bai)虎,上(shang)邊(bian)附(fu)著金銀日月,用玉衣珠璧裝(zhuang)殮,其至尊無(wu)以復加。董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)恭等(deng)人僥幸免(mian)于(yu)誅殺(sha),不(bu)(bu)應該在朝廷(ting)。我請(qing)(qing)求將其財物沒(mei)收(shou)納(na)于(yu)朝廷(ting)。所有(you)(you)靠董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)擔(dan)任官職(zhi)的(de)都(dou)予免(mian)官。”董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)父(fu)親(qin)董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)恭、弟弟董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)寬(kuan)信與(yu)家(jia)屬遷到合(he)浦(pu),董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)母親(qin)回(hui)到故鄉巨鹿(lu)。朝廷(ting)賣掉(diao)董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)氏(shi)財產(chan)總共有(you)(you)四十三萬萬錢(qian)。董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)被開(kai)(kai)棺(guan)后(hou)(hou),露現其尸(shi)進行檢(jian)驗,然后(hou)(hou)才埋在墓(mu)中。董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)所重(zhong)待(dai)的(de)官吏(li)沛國人朱(zhu)詡(xu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)我劾奏(zou)離開(kai)(kai)大司馬府,購買(mai)棺(guan)材衣服(fu)收(shou)拾董(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)賢(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)尸(shi)體而埋葬(zang)了他。
唐·楊衡《舞曲歌辭·白(bai)纻辭二首》
唐·岑參《醉后戲(xi)與趙歌兒》
元·楊維楨《吳農謠》
劉(liu)欣:大司馬年少,以(yi)大賢居位。
孔光:賢質性巧佞,翼奸以獲封侯,父(fu)子(zi)專朝,兄弟并寵,多受賞(shang)賜,治第宅(zhai),造(zao)冢壙,放效無極,不異王制(zhi),費以萬萬計(ji),國家(jia)為(wei)(wei)空虛。父(fu)子(zi)驕蹇,至不為(wei)(wei)使者禮(li)。
班(ban)固:①賢(xian)亦性柔和便(bian)辟,善(shan)為媚(mei)以自固。②董賢(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寵尤盛,父子(zi)并為公卿,可謂(wei)貴重人臣(chen)無二(er)矣。然進不由道,位過(guo)其任,莫(mo)能有終(zhong),所(suo)謂(wei)愛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適足以害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者也。③高安侯(hou)賢(xian)未(wei)更事(shi)理,為大司馬不合眾心,非所(suo)以折沖綏遠也。
丁耀亢:敝冠不(bu)加于(yu)足,屨新不(bu)加于(yu)頂(ding),上下(xia)之殊分也。賢以(yi)倡優(you)弄臣(chen),僭位(wei)元(yuan)僚(liao),終自夷滅。使賢得為老丑庸鈍之人(ren),以(yi)斯役終,不(bu)亦善(shan)乎!非其器而盈之,求毀之道也。吾于(yu)賢何罪焉。
蔡東藩:董賢則以色見幸,且舉妻妹(mei)而并進之,無惑乎(hu)其得君(jun)益甚,受寵益隆也!