至(zhi)今,全村已有羅(luo)姓村民(min)近600戶(hu),3700余人,主要分布在羅(luo)屋(wu)一帶,并(bing)以羅(luo)屋(wu)為(wei)中軸線(xian),由東往(wang)西延(yan)伸發展。屋(wu)宇多為(wei)坐北朝南(nan),面對(dui)南(nan)邊的水口(kou),據說這是先人“依山(shan)造屋(wu),傍水結村”而成,有“背山(shan)面水,負陰抱(bao)陽”之勢。四座古(gu)“風(feng)水塔”依東、南(nan)、西、北四個方向(xiang)建在遠處山(shan)頂上(shang),猶如四道屏(ping)障,緊護著密(mi)溪村。
密(mi)溪(xi)現存近百(bai)幢(chuang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)小小的(de)古民居,多為(wei)(wei)明清(qing)時期所建,規(gui)模宏大(da)(da)的(de)主要有(you)羅氏大(da)(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、羅應(ying)文(wen)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、應(ying)宗公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、石(shi)泉公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、淳(chun)夫公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、皋澤公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、密(mi)峰太公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)等十幾處(chu),一(yi)(yi)般占地面積都(dou)(dou)有(you)三四百(bai)平方(fang)米左(zuo)右;大(da)(da)小不一(yi)(yi)的(de)私廳、私宅,則如星羅棋布,眾星拱月(yue)般地散(san)布在村(cun)內(nei)。結(jie)構多為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)木(mu),也有(you)一(yi)(yi)些祠(ci)(ci)(ci)廳全用(yong)木(mu)料構建,大(da)(da)部分屋頂都(dou)(dou)是兩(liang)面坡下水的(de)歇山頂或硬山頂式,許多隔間垛墻都(dou)(dou)上瓦端,突(tu)出檐外,昂首飛翹,頗有(you)動感。據譜(pu)載,密(mi)溪(xi)晚清(qing)前還曾設圩(wei)市(shi),每逢(feng)圩(wei)日(ri)之時就人聲鼎沸(fei),商賈云集,后因(yin)戰亂(luan)而廢(fei)圩(wei)。但至(zhi)今天仍(reng)可以從遺(yi)存的(de)兩(liang)條相互貫通、繞羅屋而行的(de)石(shi)板巷道和寬大(da)(da)的(de)內(nei)圍磚(zhuan)拱門及(ji)圩(wei)街遺(yi)跡,仍(reng)可看出當年圩(wei)市(shi)的(de)影子。
密溪古民居的(de)(de)建(jian)筑裝飾(shi)藝(yi)術,堪(kan)稱一(yi)絕。如羅氏大(da)宗(zong)祠,大(da)門(men)兩(liang)側一(yi)排明(ming)清(qing)碑刻(ke),青(qing)石(shi)板(ban)臺(tai)階(jie)兩(liang)端屹立著一(yi)對(dui)威(wei)武的(de)(de)大(da)石(shi)獅(shi),門(men)檻邊(bian)一(yi)對(dui)精雕(diao)細(xi)琢的(de)(de)榮鼓(gu)石(shi),高大(da)雄偉的(de)(de)木門(men)廊上(shang)(shang)高懸金(jin)字匾(bian)額,祠堂內(nei)外的(de)(de)木立柱(zhu)、頂棚、雀替、挑(tiao)檐(yan)和斗(dou)拱上(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)巧妙地(di)裝飾(shi)有多(duo)種(zhong)手(shou)法雕(diao)刻(ke)的(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案,在木構(gou)件上(shang)(shang)有多(duo)處(chu)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)累疊伸(shen)挑(tiao)。使人贊嘆不絕的(de)(de)是門(men)廊頂部天(tian)花(hua)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)鑲嵌著一(yi)幅(fu)由(you)近(jin)百(bai)(bai)幅(fu)龍(long)(long)鳳、瑞(rui)獸和花(hua)卉(hui)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案的(de)(de)雕(diao)板(ban),均以深(shen)浮雕(diao)、鏤(lou)雕(diao)等精湛工藝(yi)手(shou)法雕(diao)就,形態栩栩如生,構(gou)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)嚴謹(jin),寓意深(shen)邃(sui),未見(jian)雷同。祠堂內(nei)的(de)(de)柱(zhu)梁斗(dou)拱之間保存(cun)有不少(shao)繪畫,上(shang)(shang)廳天(tian)花(hua)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)又(you)鑲嵌著兩(liang)對(dui)倒立的(de)(de)木雕(diao)描金(jin)獅(shi)子,宛若(ruo)在活蹦(beng)亂跳。其它(ta)宗(zong)祠在裝飾(shi)藝(yi)術上(shang)(shang)既獨(du)具風格,又(you)有相似之處(chu),有很多(duo)上(shang)(shang)下廳屏風、花(hua)格、門(men)楣和柱(zhu)礎的(de)(de)設計(ji)及(ji)雕(diao)刻(ke)都(dou)(dou)很有藝(yi)術性。另(ling)外,至今保存(cun)尚好(hao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)座明(ming)清(qing)牌(pai)坊也同樣顯示出其制作(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)獨(du)具匠心。木牌(pai)坊始建(jian)于明(ming)天(tian)順3年(nian)(1459),是奉旨(zhi)為旌表賑糧(liang)濟(ji)民的(de)(de)羅孟穩而建(jian)的(de)(de),匾(bian)額曰“善行流芳”,它(ta)倚古巷道(dao)而立,坊高6米,坊頂由(you)數百(bai)(bai)個(ge)棱(leng)形木格交織重(zhong)疊而成(cheng)蜂窩(wo)狀,結構(gou)復雜;上(shang)(shang)面(mian)蓋(gai)瓦,還可(ke)供(gong)行人避雨遮陰。此類木牌(pai)坊在省內(nei)罕(han)見(jian)。另(ling)一(yi)座石(shi)牌(pai)坊系清(qing)乾隆13年(nian)(1748)所建(jian),用17塊大(da)型青(qing)條石(shi)和石(shi)板(ban)構(gou)成(cheng)三門(men)洞武式的(de)(de)石(shi)坊,第二層(ceng)(ceng)匾(bian)曰“節孝”,署(shu)有奉旨(zhi)籌(chou)建(jian)者兵部右侍郎兼都(dou)(dou)察院右副都(dou)(dou)御(yu)使史德(de)沸等諸(zhu)官名字,坊石(shi)上(shang)(shang)保留著龍(long)(long)首龍(long)(long)尾和八仙過海等浮雕(diao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)案。
密溪(xi)村古(gu)建筑(zhu)群,雖不(bu)是皇家住(zhu)宅,然(ran)而(er),在(zai)夕(xi)陽斜暉、乳燕紛飛的(de)暮(mu)色(se)中(zhong),不(bu)由使人(ren)產生一種憑吊歷史(shi)(shi)遺(yi)物的(de)感(gan)傷和(he)感(gan)慨。這處(chu)斑駁的(de)古(gu)老建筑(zhu)群,同(tong)樣浸(jin)透著歷史(shi)(shi)變遷和(he)世事興衰的(de)滄桑,同(tong)樣是中(zhong)華民族傳統(tong)社會和(he)傳統(tong)文明(ming)的(de)一份難得的(de)見證和(he)瑞金市珍貴的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)遺(yi)產。
密溪(xi)(xi)(xi)村(cun)(cun)隸屬(shu)于九堡鎮,處(chu)于市區(qu)西(xi)北(bei)約30公(gong)(gong)里處(chu)。位于九堡鎮東北(bei)方向12公(gong)(gong)里處(chu)。密溪(xi)(xi)(xi)村(cun)(cun)東西(xi)分別與大柏地鄉(xiang),岡面(mian)鄉(xiang)接壤,北(bei)面(mian)與寧都(dou)縣交界,南臨環溪(xi)(xi)(xi)水庫及本鎮富(fu)田、富(fu)村(cun)(cun)兩個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun),總面(mian)積6平方公(gong)(gong)里,有(you)耕地1560畝,山(shan)林29800畝,有(you)村(cun)(cun)民小(xiao)組21個(ge),境內(nei)現有(you)630戶(hu),3120人(ren)。羅姓(xing)3100人(ren)占總人(ren)數99。4%。全村(cun)(cun)僅有(you)4戶(hu)外姓(xing)人(ren)家,其(qi)中(zhong)王姓(xing)2戶(hu),鐘(zhong)姓(xing)1戶(hu),譚姓(xing)1戶(hu),2007年人(ren)均收(shou)入3200元。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)屋原本為(wei)王,宋二姓所(suo)居(ju),據密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六修(xiu)族譜記載。密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)始祖(zu)“念(nian)四(si)郎(lang)”本為(wei)興(xing)國白石人,其曾祖(zu)父“真三郎(lang)”是由(you)寧(ning)都大布遷(qian)往興(xing)國定居(ju)的(de)。在(zai)宋高宗咸淳(chun)年間(jian)“念(nian)四(si)郎(lang)父子”往來于(yu)瑞金、寧(ning)都經商,途經九堡(bao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。念(nian)四(si)朗看到群山(shan)環繞,綠水環抱的(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)是塊居(ju)住的(de)風水室地(di),便舉家義無返(fan)顧地(di)遷(qian)到了密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。“密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)公(gong)見(jian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)山(shan)水明秀,遂(sui)家于(yu)是,積功累(lei)德,保世滋(zi)大,代起簪纓(ying),為(wei)瑞邑之(zhi)(zhi)望族。”在(zai)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)始祖(zu)遷(qian)至(zhi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)時,正(zheng)是密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)土著王、宋兩姓衷敗之(zhi)(zhi)際,到了元朝(chao)初年,二姓的(de)田(tian)產已(yi)全部賣給羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi),至(zhi)此,羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)始在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)站穩腳根,繁衍生(sheng)息(xi),《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六修(xiu)族譜》對此有較為(wei)詳(xiang)細的(de)記載:
“密溪之(zhi)地(di)當吾祖遷時,原有王(wang)(wang)宋(song)(song)兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)居此,王(wang)(wang)處東境(jing)(jing),西向今金盆形麓下田(tian)是(shi)也,宋(song)(song)居東北(bei)境(jing)(jing),南(nan)向今宋(song)(song)屋田(tian)是(shi)也,二(er)姓(xing)皆(jie)土著,在隋唐(tang)五代間(jian)頗(po)稱(cheng)殷(yin)富(fu),本(ben)境(jing)(jing)數千(qian)畝之(zhi)田(tian),及前(qian)后(hou)左右(you)十余里之(zhi)山,皆(jie)兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)之(zhi)業,以本(ben)境(jing)(jing)中小溪為界,王(wang)(wang)業居溪之(zhi)東,宋(song)(song)業居溪之(zhi)西,及宋(song)(song)南(nan)渡后(hou),兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)漸衰落,吾祖寓至(zhi)此,因宋(song)(song)宅前(qian)案百步田(tian)之(zhi)中有兩(liang)(liang)阜,一(yi)直一(yi)橫(heng),皆(jie)荊(jing)棘所叢,蛇虺所穴,吾祖于直構室(shi),橫(heng)安墳(fen),兩(liang)(liang)戶皆(jie)中高(gao)四下,形家表(biao)為風吹(chui)羅帶形。二(er)姓(xing)日微,吾祖施德行仁,勤(qin)儉(jian)積累,家益以興(xing),本(ben)境(jing)(jing)田(tian)畝前(qian)后(hou)陸(lu)續歸(gui)鬻。
吾祖至元初,吾祖已成戶入籍,十(shi)里(li)長屬羅,兩姓(xing)田既賣盡,復(fu)將前后十(shi)余里(li)之荒山,王姓(xing)一(yi)契(qi)賣東邊,宋姓(xing)一(yi)契(qi)賣西邊……”
羅氏在密溪落腳之(zhi)后,其家族(zu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)經歷了(le)一(yi)個頗為漫長(chang)而曲(qu)折的(de)過程,從(cong)族(zu)譜(pu)所載人口數(shu)字的(de)消長(chang),以及(ji)《密溪羅氏六修族(zu)譜(pu)·興(xing)替記》來看(kan),羅氏宗(zong)族(zu)幾(ji)起幾(ji)落,數(shu)度為兵(bing)匪所劫(jie),羅氏多年的(de)積累是:“家財馨洗,人物調謝”不難想象(xiang),羅氏宗(zong)族(zu)背后所隱含的(de)辛酸開拓史,真可謂篳路藍(lan)縷。
念四(si)郎攜兩兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)定居密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi),兩兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)明(ming)亮(liang)、明(ming)善。明(ming)善傳至第(di)五(wu)(wu)代即無(wu)(wu)后人(ren),明(ming)亮(liang)生有(you)兩個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi),應(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、應(ying)文(wen)。自(zi)應(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),應(ying)文(wen)之(zhi)后,密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)分為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩房(fang),應(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)西(xi)房(fang),應(ying)文(wen)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)。雍(yong)正(zheng)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(1725),東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)的后代子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祠(ci)左側建(jian)有(you)應(ying)文(wen)公祠(ci),作為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)鼻祖之(zhi)祠(ci)。雍(yong)正(zheng)八年(nian)(nian)(1730), 西(xi)房(fang)的后代子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祠(ci)右側建(jian)立應(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)公祠(ci),作為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)西(xi)房(fang)鼻祖之(zhi)祠(ci)。隨著時(shi)間(jian)的推移密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)人(ren)口不(bu)斷(duan)增加,到(dao)光(guang)緒三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)六(liu)(liu)修族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)時(shi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)男女老少(shao)人(ren)口已(yi)達六(liu)(liu)、七(qi)(qi)千人(ren)“……以密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)大,距五(wu)(wu)修(族譜(pu)(pu)(pu))也又(you)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)久。人(ren)口且(qie)六(liu)(liu)七(qi)(qi)千計……。在此其(qi)(qi)間(jian),不(bu)斷(duan)有(you)人(ren)從(cong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)徙到(dao)別(bie)處,如遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)到(dao)九堡鎮官倉、瑞金瑞林鎮,更有(you)遠遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)至江西(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)市的。從(cong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)出(chu)的羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi),一(yi)(yi)開(kai)始還和九堡密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)聯系較為(wei)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi),慢(man)慢(man)地(di)(di)聯系越來越少(shao),有(you)許多則幾乎中止了(le)聯系。以從(cong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)往宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)地(di)(di)市的羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)一(yi)(yi)支為(wei)例(li),這支羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)于(yu)前(qian)清乾隆年(nian)(nian)間(jian)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)往宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun),在《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六(liu)(liu)修族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)》中還繪有(you)一(yi)(yi)幅“袁(yuan)州府宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)縣郝家西(xi)村之(zhi)茂遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)居屋宇圖”,1995年(nian)(nian),當密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)族準(zhun)備第(di)七(qi)(qi)次修譜(pu)(pu)(pu)時(shi),其(qi)(qi)編(bian)委成員(yuan)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)振波試探性地(di)(di)給江西(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)市宣傳部寫了(le)一(yi)(yi)封信,請求查明(ming)瑞金密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)往宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)的羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)家族情況,不(bu)久,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)派(pai)人(ren)來瑞金密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)訪親(qin),查閱光(guang)緒三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六(liu)(liu)修族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)》宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)尚有(you)一(yi)(yi)位老者在六(liu)(liu)修族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)中有(you)名(ming)字記載(zai)。在此之(zhi)前(qian),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)也曾派(pai)人(ren)多次到(dao)贛南尋找祖地(di)(di)但都無(wu)(wu)果而終,他們(men)只聽祖輩們(men)說來自(zi)贛南,但具體在贛南什么地(di)(di)方就不(bu)得而知(zhi)了(le)。對于(yu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi),《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)七(qi)(qi)修族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)》還有(you)一(yi)(yi)段這樣的記載(zai):“江西(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun),城(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)家人(ren),四(si)面(mian)工廠,電網高掛,公路鐵路,日(ri)夜通車(che),山清水秀,地(di)(di)理可佳,我之(zhi)茂公,本(ben)在瑞金,乾隆中葉,遷(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)來宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun),定居于(yu)此,二百(bai)余(yu)年(nian)(nian),生生繁(fan)衍,子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫興盛,六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)戶,三(san)(san)百(bai)多人(ren),種田經商(shang),又(you)工又(you)農,艱(jian)苦創業(ye),大揚祖業(ye),奔小康路,萬世無(wu)(wu)窮。”
從族譜記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)來(lai)看(kan),在(zai)(zai)許(xu)多代(dai)中,羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)男丁均有五(wu),六人(ren),甚至(zhi)上十(shi)(shi)人(ren),但(dan)是(shi)真正(zheng)傳有后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)多,以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為例,應文生有四子,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英、富(fu)英、德(de)英、本(ben)英,只有德(de)英、本(ben)英在(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)有后(hou)(hou)(hou),其(qi)它均無(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren),或(huo)遷居別(bie)處(chu)(chu),德(de)英生有三子,孟(meng)(meng)和(he)、孟(meng)(meng)穩、孟(meng)(meng)程。孟(meng)(meng)穩無(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),或(huo)遷居別(bie)處(chu)(chu)。孟(meng)(meng)和(he)、孟(meng)(meng)程在(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)有后(hou)(hou)(hou)。本(ben)英生有六子,孟(meng)(meng)恭、孟(meng)(meng)寬(kuan)、孟(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)敏(min)(min)、孟(meng)(meng)惠、孟(meng)(meng)欽,孟(meng)(meng)恭、孟(meng)(meng)寬(kuan)無(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),或(huo)遷居別(bie)處(chu)(chu),孟(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)敏(min)(min)、孟(meng)(meng)惠、孟(meng)(meng)欽在(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)有后(hou)(hou)(hou)。對于這一時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)形態,基本(ben)上屬(shu)于由多個(ge)核心家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)。這種家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)形式有利于處(chu)(chu)于初級階段的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)族的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)長,家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)之間可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)非常時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)相互(hu)利用人(ren)力資(zi)源(yuan),而在(zai)(zai)村落資(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敷供給時(shi)(shi),又有一些家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)被(bei)迫遷往外地(di)定(ding)居。 密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)分(fen)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)沒(mei)有再開(kai)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)口(kou)和(he)經(jing)濟實力發展(zhan),到較好的(de)(de)(de)清朝中葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)各自的(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內部又興建了幾(ji)個(ge)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂以(yi)祭祀他們的(de)(de)(de)祖先。如康熙(xi)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(1718),在(zai)(zai)離羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遠的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔興建了東(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)紀(ji)念東(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公(gong)。以(yi)此(ci)作為九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)分(fen)支祖祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。雍正(zheng)十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(1734),西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石泉公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔在(zai)(zai)羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)左側(ce)(ce)興建了石泉公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作為第九(jiu)代(dai)西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)分(fen)支之祖祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。乾隆(long)四十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(1782)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之淳(chun)夫公(gong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔在(zai)(zai)應文公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)左側(ce)(ce)建立(li)了淳(chun)夫公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作為東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)祖祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。有明一代(dai),密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)所(suo)出人(ren)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)多,在(zai)(zai)瑞金縣(xian)志記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)僅有羅(luo)汝潔(jie),其(qi)在(zai)(zai)明成(cheng)(cheng)化年(nian)間曾任廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞知縣(xian)。
密溪羅氏發展(zhan)到明末清(qing)初時,歷經數(shu)度(du)劫難,后(hou)又數(shu)度(du)興起,第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次大的劫難在明嘉靖(jing)未年(nian),“比嘉靖(jing)未年(nian),葉(xie)寇(kou)播氛。剽掠四出,家財罄(qing)洗,人物凋(diao)謝。僅余屋基山崗。其門(men)莊(zhuang)田產典賣殆盡,一(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)錢糧正(zheng)存數(shu)石(shi)。幸十(shi)世(shi)、十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)兩(liang)代祖先,奮志(zhi)懨拓。崇節(jie)儉(jian),勤稼(jia)穡,業(ye)諄書,修祀(si)典,日(ri)漸光大。景(jing)昔田產,既盡贖回,糧石(shi)益(yi)增。”
密溪羅(luo)氏遭受第一次劫難以后,經(jing)十世的(de)一派,十一世的(de)文(wen)派的(de)勤奮,節儉,家族(zu)再次興旺(wang)起來。
明清鼎革之際,中華大地處于一(yi)片混(hun)亂之中,密(mi)溪所處的贛(gan)南地區(qu)也(ye)不例(li)外。在這種大的動(dong)蕩的背(bei)景下,密(mi)溪村(cun)再次遭遇(yu)劫(jie)難(nan)。“未幾(ji),明季鼎革,土寇(kou)猖厥,焚屋劫(jie)村(cun),廬(lu)舍邱墟,田園荒(huang)蕪。千(qian)余丁之男女,竄(cuan)伏流離(li),數百(bai)年(nian)之文契一(yi)日(ri)失守。抑又衰矣!”
據(ju)村(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)老者羅振波(bo)介紹:在(zai)大(da)清(qing)順治十年(nian)(1653),瑞金(jin)大(da)柏地(di)(di)鄉梟首(shou)陳(chen)其綸及其匪眾被(bei)(bei)(bei)政府官兵所追擊,竄入密(mi)(mi)溪村(cun)(cun)(cun),該村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)好心地(di)(di)把他們帶到(dao)(dao)一(yi)個極(ji)為(wei)隱蔽的(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)邊的(de)(de)(de)巖洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)躲(duo)藏,官兵到(dao)(dao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)內尋而未(wei)果(guo),不久撤(che)離。不久,那(nei)些曾經(jing)獲得(de)過村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)寇(kou)糾合(he)其同黨,圍攻(gong)密(mi)(mi)溪村(cun)(cun)(cun),村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)紛(fen)紛(fen)躲(duo)進巖洞(dong)(dong)內,但是流(liu)寇(kou)此(ci)時已經(jing)知(zhi)道通(tong)往巖洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)秘密(mi)(mi)通(tong)道。后(hou)來巖洞(dong)(dong)防線被(bei)(bei)(bei)攻(gong)破,村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)死傷一(yi)百多人,抓走人質(zhi)數(shu)百人。直到(dao)(dao)今天,到(dao)(dao)那(nei)個叫棺材巖下(xia)還(huan)能發現許(xu)多殘留的(de)(de)(de)遺骸(hai)。關于這次明末(mo)清(qing)初的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)變在(zai)《瑞金(jin)縣志》上亦有(you)記載:“1650年(nian)僧超忠據(ju)銅缽山,陳(chen)其綸據(ju)大(da)柏地(di)(di),許(xu)勝可聯合(he)福建鄉民(min)(min)劉芳、羅承俊據(ju)羅漢(han)巖,掀起(qi)反(fan)清(qing)斗爭浪潮。歷時五(wu)年(nian),始被(bei)(bei)(bei)清(qing)廷鎮壓下(xia)去。”“崇禎十五(wu)年(nian),廣(guang)賊閻王總,剮(gua)刀總、番天總,豬婆(po)總凡十余種,流(liu)動各縣村(cun)(cun)(cun)落,瑞金(jin)各村(cun)(cun)(cun)落被(bei)(bei)(bei)其沿劫。明年(nian),攻(gong)破安遠及石城諸(zhu)寨”
筆(bi)者(zhe)認為(wei),考察家族(zu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)存(cun)與發展,應考慮家族(zu)所處的(de)(de)歷史時代背景。贛南地(di)處福(fu)建(jian)、江西、湖南、廣(guang)東(dong)四省的(de)(de)交界處,境內山巒疊(die)嶂,自(zi)古為(wei)匪(fei)盜常出沒的(de)(de)地(di)方。從“明(ming)(ming)洪武十(shi)八年(1385),廣(guang)寇周三官作亂,瑞(rui)金人民逃竄,田(tian)地(di)荒蕪”至“(崇(chong)禎)十(shi)五年,廣(guang)賊閻王(wang)總,剮刀總,番無總,豬婆總凡十(shi)余(yu)種,流劫(jie)各縣村落(luo),瑞(rui)金各村落(luo)被其沿(yan)劫(jie)。”止瑞(rui)金共發生(sheng)了(le)18起大(da)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)亂,其中明(ming)(ming)嘉靖年間就發生(sheng)八次(ci)大(da)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)亂。
此(ci)后,經密(mi)溪羅氏十二(er)世(shi)、十三世(shi)萬派、肇派的(de)(de)勵精圖治,經過幾十年的(de)(de)苦心經營,羅氏宗族(zu)才再度興旺起來“賴(lai)十二(er)世(shi)、十三世(shi)萬派、肇派,恢宏(hong)先業(ye),務農濟物(wu),合族(zu)之棟宇重新,各房之蒸(zheng)嘗編立。更筑文運外閣,復新東(dong)平廟宇,錢糧戶口視昔加倍。”
雍正年間(jian),清(qing)政(zheng)府采取“地丁(ding)(ding)(ding)合一(yi)”、“攤丁(ding)(ding)(ding)入畝”的辦(ban)法,賦役的重點由人(ren)(ren)身轉(zhuan)移到土地,這樣(yang),封建(jian)王朝一(yi)直(zhi)以來對人(ren)(ren)身的限制(zhi)得到了極大(da)的解脫,人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)的發展(zhan)便(bian)日趨(qu)膨(peng)脹。從清(qing)朝初(chu)年“國朝,原額(e)人(ren)(ren)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)戶(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)二(er)(er)千(qian)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)口(kou)(kou)(kou),內優免(mian)人(ren)(ren)了五(wu)百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)五(wu)分。”到“嘉(jia)(jia)慶(qing)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年,年終冊報,實在煙戶(hu)二(er)(er)萬(wan)七(qi)千(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er),男大(da)丁(ding)(ding)(ding),小丁(ding)(ding)(ding),女(nv)大(da)口(kou)(kou)(kou),小口(kou)(kou)(kou),共(gong)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)萬(wan)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)。”在不到二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)年時間(jian)里,瑞金人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)從幾千(qian)人(ren)(ren)發展(zhan)到32萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)的增長如此之快,這其中可能存在老百(bai)(bai)姓對人(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)數字的隱瞞的原因,和一(yi)部分是(shi)明末(mo)清(qing)初(chu)由福建(jian)廣東(dong)倒遷入贛(gan)的客家人(ren)(ren)原因,但(dan)是(shi)從一(yi)個(ge)側面反(fan)映在清(qing)初(chu)至嘉(jia)(jia)慶(qing)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年這段時間(jian)里,人(ren)(ren)民生活安穩(wen)、平和,經濟狀況也應(ying)有所好轉(zhuan)。
在(zai)這(zhe)種大(da)的(de)(de)(de)全國繁榮的(de)(de)(de)背景之(zhi)下,密(mi)(mi)溪羅氏宗族(zu)迎(ying)來了(le)他們的(de)(de)(de)宗族(zu)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)峰狀態。在(zai)清初(chu)“更筑文運外閣,復新東(dong)平廟宇。”從康熙三十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1696)至乾隆四(si)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),短(duan)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)86年(nian)(nian)間,羅氏宗族(zu)修建了(le)“密(mi)(mi)溪羅氏大(da)宗祠”、“應宗公祠、應文公祠、石泉公祠、淳夫公祠、東(dong)塘公祠,共六座祠堂。以及村子周圍的(de)(de)(de)四(si)座風水塔”坤峰(1738),“辛峰”(1738)“巽(xun)峰”(1777),“丁峰”。
至(zhi)清中葉,密溪羅氏的人口已經發展(zhan)到(dao)數千(qian)人,分為“東房(fang)”,“西房(fang)”兩(liang)大(da)房(fang),并且為他(ta)們的“開基祖”密峰公以及東,西兩(liang)房(fang)興建了祠(ci)堂,家族有(you)了祭祀(si)和儀式的中心。至(zhi)此,密溪羅氏的宗(zong)族形(xing)態(tai)正式確立(li),清朝中葉所形(xing)成的聚落格局(ju)與(yu)支房(fang)及亞房(fang)之(zhi)間的力量對比,基本上(shang)延續(xu)到(dao)現代(dai),沒有(you)太大(da)的變化(hua)。
《羅姓考略》
自夏禹錫土賜姓,凡姓皆有(you)(you)所昉,吾(wu)羅本黃(huang)帝顓帝子(zi)(zi),曰(yue)(yue)黎,祝融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)后,融(rong)生(sheng)陸終,終子(zi)(zi)六其(qi)(qi)四(si)曰(yue)(yue)會一(yi)封(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鄶姓,周(zhou)初,封(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)羅,屬襄陽宜城,周(zhou)桓王(wang)二十一(yi)年,伐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)楚,避難徒(tu)荊州枝(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),莊王(wang)八(ba)年,又去枝(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)徒(tu)長沙之(zhi)(zhi)湘陰,東(dong)北六十里(li)有(you)(you)羅城,卒并于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)楚避,凡散處江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢間(jian)者(zhe),遂以(yi)羅為(wei)(wei)姓也,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西豫章之(zhi)(zhi)望,由漢高(gao)治粟內史既改大司農(nong)珠,公(gong)(gong)從(cong)灌嬰侯(hou)(hou)定其(qi)(qi)地(di),功德茂(mao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民,而(er)(er)著(zhu)(zhu)父曰(yue)(yue)君(jun)用,秦武陵(ling)(ling)令督運官(guan)鐵溺洞庭,邦人祠祀之(zhi)(zhi),故居長沙城東(dong),祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue)嗣彝(yi),曾祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue)宗光(guang),高(gao)祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue)茂(mao)峻(jun),峻(jun)以(yi)前之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)次,邈君(jun)子(zi)(zi)略(lve)焉,企生(sheng)宗伯,珠公(gong)(gong)十六世(shi)孫(sun)也,初封(feng)晉著(zhu)(zhu)作郎(lang)(lang),后當殷仲(zhong)堪鎮(zhen)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)功曹,累(lei)遷(qian)武陵(ling)(ling)太(tai)守,未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)郡(jun)適桓元攻(gong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)(ling),伸堪任之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)諮議(yi)參軍(jun),已(yi)而(er)(er)謂(wei)弟遵(zun)生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue):“殷侯(hou)(hou)仁而(er)(er)無(wu)斷(duan),事必無(wu)成,吾(wu)當生(sheng)死以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”迨仲(zhong)堪走,時(shi)惟企生(sheng)從(cong)經(jing)家門,泣(qi)以(yi)奉(feng)養老母,囑遵(zun)生(sheng)遂履桓元之(zhi)(zhi)害,君(jun)子(zi)(zi)悲其(qi)(qi)昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)擇人,而(er)(er)高(gao)其(qi)(qi)臨難無(wu)茍免,推為(wei)(wei)一(yi)門忠(zhong)孝,其(qi)(qi)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)已(yi),珠公(gong)(gong)流傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)唐未(wei),有(you)(you)字儀(yi)真者(zhe),舉進士于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宋太(tai)祖(zu),建隆元年,徙(xi)(xi)古(gu)永(yong)豐水東(dong)藤田醴泉(quan)院,數(shu)傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)權(quan),徙(xi)(xi)寧都大布,又數(shu)傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)十一(yi)郎(lang)(lang),徙(xi)(xi)興(xing)國白石(shi),其(qi)(qi)曾孫(sun)念(nian)(nian)四(si)郎(lang)(lang),則由南宋末徙(xi)(xi)瑞金密溪(xi)家焉,詳(xiang)譜(pu)首源流圖(tu)考(kao)大傳(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“別子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)祖(zu),繼別為(wei)(wei)宗。”吾(wu)密溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)以(yi)念(nian)(nian)四(si)郎(lang)(lang)為(wei)(wei)始祖(zu),禮也。