臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)首(shou)廟(miao)天(tian)(tian)壇在臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)省(sheng)臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)市。因臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)民眾稱(cheng)玉皇大帝(di)為天(tian)(tian)公,故原稱(cheng)“天(tian)(tian)公埕(cheng)(cheng)”、 “天(tian)(tian)公壇”或“天(tian)(tian)公廟(miao)”,1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)改為今(jin)名。臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)市舊(jiu)名“赤嵌(qian)”。從清康熙(xi)二十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian) (1684) 至光緒(xu)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1887)的二百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)中,臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)一直是臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)的首(shou)府(fu),在臺(tai)(tai)北(bei)市定為省(sheng)城 以前,是臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan)的政(zheng)治、經濟、文(wen)化中心。南(nan)明桂(gui)王永歷十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1661)鄭成(cheng)功收復臺(tai)(tai)灣(wan) 奉(feng)明正朔,即在天(tian)(tian)壇原址祭告(gao)天(tian)(tian)地。此后每年(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷正月初九即于天(tian)(tian)公埕(cheng)(cheng)西設廠舉行玉皇 上帝(di)圣誕慶典。
清咸豐四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1854),由地方鄉(xiang)紳發(fa)起、官(guan)(guan)民集(ji)資在天公(gong)埕和埕東吳姓宅基(ji)上興工 建廟,定名(ming)“天公(gong)壇(tan)”。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian),又增(zeng)建后(hou)殿。光緒二十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)修,更名(ming)為(wei)天壇(tan)。1945年(nian)(nian)(nian) 臺灣光復(fu)后(hou),天壇(tan)又著(zhu)手重(zhong)修,1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)落成(cheng)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)建武圣(sheng)殿。 天壇(tan)供奉(feng)主神為(wei)玉(yu)皇(huang)大帝,同(tong)祀斗(dou)母、三(san)官(guan)(guan)、南(nan)斗(dou)、北(bei)斗(dou)、張天師、圣(sheng)母、觀(guan)音、 三(san)清、關(guan)圣(sheng)、文昌、岳武和延平郡王等(deng)。全(quan)廟建筑為(wei)三(san)進宮殿式(shi)。廟門(men)前有(you)小廣(guang)場,廣(guang) 場上有(you)照墻,上雕(diao)雙(shuang)龍(long)(long)搶珠圖(tu)。廟的正山門(men)有(you)石(shi)獅雄踞(ju)左右,兩側偏門(men)則有(you)石(shi)鼓各(ge)(ge)一對。 前殿與正殿天井間(jian),各(ge)(ge)有(you)石(shi)雕(diao)龍(long)(long)柱兩對。前殿龍(long)(long)柱為(wei)咸豐五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1855)所(suo)造,正殿龍(long)(long)柱 為(wei)同(tong)治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)所(suo)鏤。石(shi)材來自大陸(lu),雕(diao)刻(ke)細密,造型古(gu)樸(pu),堪稱精(jing)品。
正殿(dian)中(zhong)央置(zhi)神(shen)龕(kan)一(yi)座,奉(feng)玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝圣(sheng)位,無神(shen)像。神(shen)龕(kan)周圍雕(diao)有(you)(you)龍型圖案,雕(diao)金(jin)飾 玉(yu),金(jin)帳(zhang)黃幔。殿(dian)頂(ding)木(mu)雕(diao)精巧,色彩雅(ya)麗。外殿(dian)楹柱上還懸有(you)(you)“一(yi)”字匾(bian),為臺南古(gu)都 三(san)大(da)(da)名匾(bian)之(zhi)一(yi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇后殿(dian),中(zhong)央主奉(feng)三(san)清(qing)、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)母和三(san)宮,并(bing)配祀(si)(si)南斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)和北斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。左側(ce)祀(si)(si)奉(feng) 張(zhang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)師、普(pu)化天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊、東斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)星君等(deng)(deng);右側(ce)祀(si)(si)奉(feng)西斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、太乙、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)醫、灶君等(deng)(deng)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇道(dao)士舉行 日(ri)常宗(zong)教儀式(shi)也在后殿(dian)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇三(san)進(jin)的左廂(xiang)的另有(you)(you)武圣(sheng)殿(dian),重檐歇山式(shi),琉璃(li)瓦頂(ding)。武圣(sheng) 殿(dian)的前殿(dian)奉(feng)祀(si)(si)關帝,后殿(dian)奉(feng)祀(si)(si)文昌、觀音(yin)、孚(fu)佑、圣(sheng)母、月(yue)(yue)老、魁斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)等(deng)(deng)神(shen)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇中(zhong)存有(you)(you) 乾隆(long)四(si)十一(yi)年(1776)臺灣知府蔡元樞所獻之(zhi)四(si)腳(jiao)香爐,多面清(qing)代古(gu)匾(bian)以(yi)及三(san)古(gu)碑。 每年農歷正月(yue)(yue)初(chu)九(jiu)玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝誕辰為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇主要慶典。六月(yue)(yue)二十四(si)關帝誕辰以(yi)及九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)初(chu) 九(jiu)九(jiu)皇壽誕,亦有(you)(you)盛大(da)(da)的祭祀(si)(si)活(huo)動。
清咸(xian)豐(feng)八年(nian),天壇(tan)創立“如蘭堂會(hui)(hui)(hui)”作(zuo)為其管(guan)理機構。1974年(nian)由信徒代表大會(hui)(hui)(hui)選(xuan)舉 產(chan)生臺灣首(shou)廟(miao)天壇(tan)管(guan)理委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)。據1990年(nian)的資料,第四屆管(guan)理委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)由鄭添池任主任委 員。