人物簡介
王詵(1036年-1093年后,一作(zuo)1048年-1104年后)〔北宋〕字(zi)晉卿,太(tai)原(今屬山(shan)西)人(ren),居開封(feng)(今屬河南)。出身貴族,娶英宗趙(zhao)(zhao)曙之(zhi)女蜀(shu)國公主為妻,官駙(fu)馬都(dou)尉(wei)及定州(zhou)觀(guan)察使、利州(zhou)防御使。元豐(feng)二年(1079年)坐罪(zui)落駙(fu)馬都(dou)尉(wei),責授昭(zhao)化軍(jun)節度(du)行軍(jun)司馬,均州(zhou)安置,移(yi)潁(ying)州(zhou)。元祐元年(1086年),復登(deng)州(zhou)刺史、駙(fu)馬都(dou)尉(wei)。卒諡榮安。能詩善(shan)畫,亦工詞(ci),詞(ci)風清麗,然欠豐(feng)容宛轉。今有趙(zhao)(zhao)萬(wan)里輯《王晉卿詞(ci)》。
其家筑“寶繪堂(tang)”,藏歷代法書(shu)名畫(hua)(hua)日夕觀摩,精于鑒(jian)賞(shang)(shang),蘇軾為之(zhi)記。廣交蘇軾、黃庭堅、米芾、秦觀、李(li)公(gong)麟等眾多文(wen)人(ren)雅士,“析奇(qi)賞(shang)(shang)異”,酬(chou)詩唱和(he),李(li)公(gong)麟曾畫(hua)(hua)《西園(yuan)雅集圖(tu)》以紀勝,其風(feng)流蘊藉(jie)有(you)(you)王謝家風(feng)氣。能詩,亦(yi)工山水(shui)(shui),學李(li)成皴法,以李(li)思(si)訓金碧統之(zhi),溶兩家法規而出新(xin)意,在水(shui)(shui)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)勾皴基礎上,“不古不今,自成一家”,獨具風(feng)貌。喜畫(hua)(hua)“煙江(jiang)遠壑,柳溪漁(yu)浦(pu),晴(qing)(qing)嵐(lan)絕(jue)(jue)澗,寒林幽谷,桃溪葦(wei)村”等他人(ren)難狀之(zhi)景(jing),將錦(jin)繡河山展現畫(hua)(hua)幅中,深得(de)好評。蘇軾謂其“得(de)破(po)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)三(san)昧”,有(you)(you)“鄭虔(qian)三(san)絕(jue)(jue)居有(you)(you)二,筆執挽回三(san)百年”句。兼(jian)寫墨(mo)(mo)(mo)竹,學文(wen)同。亦(yi)工書(shu),真、行、草、隸皆精。《宣和(he)畫(hua)(hua)譜》著錄(lu)御(yu)府藏其作(zuo)品有(you)(you)《幽谷春歸圖(tu)》《晴(qing)(qing)嵐(lan)曉(xiao)(xiao)景(jing)圖(tu)》《煙嵐(lan)晴(qing)(qing)曉(xiao)(xiao)圖(tu)》《煙江(jiang)疊嶂圖(tu)》等35件(jian)。傳(chuan)世作(zuo)品有(you)(you)《漁(yu)村小(xiao)雪圖(tu)》卷,現藏故宮博(bo)(bo)物院;《煙江(jiang)疊嶂圖(tu)》卷,藏上海博(bo)(bo)物館(guan)。
王詵(shen)妻寶安公主(1051年(nian)-1080年(nian)),宋(song)英宗第(di)二(er)女,母(mu)宣仁圣烈皇后。
嘉祐(you)八年(1063年),封寶(bao)安(an)公主。宋神宗即位,進舒(shu)國長公主,改蜀國長公主,下嫁左衛將(jiang)軍王詵。
王詵母(mu)盧(lu)氏寡(gua)居,公(gong)主(zhu)住(zhu)在近處,每天給婆(po)婆(po)進(jin)獻美食。盧(lu)氏生病(bing),公(gong)主(zhu)親自(zi)調和湯劑奉(feng)上。皇(huang)帝厚待姊妹,因此(ci)公(gong)主(zhu)府第池花園服飾珍玩極其華麗(li)。公(gong)主(zhu)因不(bu)能(neng)每天在寶(bao)慈(ci)(ci)宮服侍宣仁皇(huang)后(hou),常常郁郁不(bu)樂。有時干熱不(bu)雨,宋(song)神宗(zong)減少享(xiang)受(shou)以(yi)祈禱,公(gong)主(zhu)也是如(ru)此(ci),說:“我的俸祿皆出于(yu)朝廷,固(gu)應同(tong)同(tong)喜同(tong)悲。”宋(song)神宗(zong)為慈(ci)(ci)圣光(guang)獻皇(huang)后(hou)居喪,哀傷過度,公(gong)主(zhu)說:“吾(wu)與皇(huang)上同(tong)母(mu)所生,視此(ci)亦復保(bao)聊(liao)!”馬上遣散歌(ge)舞三十(shi)人。
元豐三(san)年(nian)(1080年(nian)),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)病篤。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)性(xing)不(bu)妒忌,王(wang)詵以是放(fang)縱自己,曾經被貶官(guan)。高太(tai)后親臨探(tan)病,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)已(yi)(yi)不(bu)省人事,太(tai)后大(da)哭,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)很久后稍(shao)能說話,說自己必定好不(bu)起(qi)來了,握(wo)著(zhu)母親的手(shou)哭泣。宋(song)神(shen)宗隨后到達,親自為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)診脈,端(duan)著(zhu)粥(zhou)喂公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)勉(mian)強為皇帝(di)都吃了。皇帝(di)賜公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)金帛六千(qian),再問(wen)有(you)什(shen)么要(yao)求,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)只是請恢復王(wang)詵官(guan)職而(er)已(yi)(yi)。這時,宋(song)神(shen)宗命王(wang)詵官(guan)復原(yuan)職,來安(an)慰(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)。第(di)(di)二(er)天,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)薨逝,年(nian)三(san)十(shi)歲。宋(song)神(shen)宗未(wei)沒有(you)吃飯即駕往,望第(di)(di)門而(er)哭,輟朝(chao)五日。追(zhui)封越國長公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu),謚賢惠。后進封大(da)長公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu),累(lei)改秦、荊、魏三(san)國大(da)長公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)。
公(gong)(gong)主好(hao)讀古文,喜筆札,周(zhou)濟親屬(shu),朝野內外(wai)稱(cheng)賢。王詵(shen)不(bu)拘小(xiao)節,和(he)小(xiao)妾在公(gong)(gong)主身邊為(wei)非作(zuo)歹,小(xiao)妾常常觸犯公(gong)(gong)主。公(gong)(gong)主去世后,乳母告(gao)發,宋(song)神宗命徹底追查(cha),杖打八妾并把(ba)她(ta)們婚配(pei)兵卒(zu)。公(gong)(gong)主既葬,貶(bian)謫王詵(shen)到均州。子王彥弼(bi),三歲去世。