人物簡介
王詵(1036年(nian)-1093年(nian)后(hou),一作1048年(nian)-1104年(nian)后(hou))〔北宋〕字晉卿(qing),太原(今屬山西)人,居開封(feng)(今屬河南(nan))。出身貴族,娶(qu)英宗趙曙之(zhi)女蜀(shu)國公(gong)主為妻(qi),官駙(fu)馬(ma)都尉(wei)及定州(zhou)(zhou)觀察使、利州(zhou)(zhou)防御使。元豐(feng)二年(nian)(1079年(nian))坐罪落駙(fu)馬(ma)都尉(wei),責授昭化軍節(jie)度(du)行軍司馬(ma),均州(zhou)(zhou)安(an)置,移潁州(zhou)(zhou)。元祐(you)元年(nian)(1086年(nian)),復登州(zhou)(zhou)刺史、駙(fu)馬(ma)都尉(wei)。卒(zu)諡榮安(an)。能詩善畫,亦工詞,詞風清(qing)麗,然欠(qian)豐(feng)容宛轉。今有(you)趙萬里(li)輯《王晉卿(qing)詞》。
其家筑“寶(bao)繪堂”,藏(zang)(zang)歷代法(fa)書名(ming)畫(hua)(hua)日夕觀(guan)摩,精(jing)于鑒賞(shang),蘇軾(shi)為之記。廣交蘇軾(shi)、黃庭堅、米芾(fei)、秦(qin)觀(guan)、李(li)公麟等(deng)眾多文人雅(ya)士,“析奇賞(shang)異”,酬詩(shi)唱(chang)和,李(li)公麟曾畫(hua)(hua)《西園雅(ya)集(ji)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》以(yi)紀勝,其風流蘊(yun)藉有王(wang)謝家風氣。能詩(shi),亦(yi)工山水(shui),學李(li)成皴(cun)法(fa),以(yi)李(li)思(si)訓金碧統之,溶(rong)兩家法(fa)規而出新意(yi),在水(shui)墨(mo)勾皴(cun)基(ji)礎上,“不(bu)古(gu)不(bu)今,自成一家”,獨具(ju)風貌(mao)。喜畫(hua)(hua)“煙(yan)江遠(yuan)壑(he),柳溪漁浦(pu),晴嵐絕澗,寒林幽谷,桃溪葦村”等(deng)他(ta)人難狀之景,將錦(jin)繡河(he)山展現畫(hua)(hua)幅中,深得好評(ping)。蘇軾(shi)謂其“得破(po)墨(mo)三(san)昧”,有“鄭虔三(san)絕居有二,筆執挽回三(san)百年”句。兼寫墨(mo)竹,學文同。亦(yi)工書,真、行、草、隸皆精(jing)。《宣(xuan)和畫(hua)(hua)譜》著錄(lu)御府藏(zang)(zang)其作品(pin)有《幽谷春歸圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》《晴嵐曉景圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》《煙(yan)嵐晴曉圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》《煙(yan)江疊嶂圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》等(deng)35件。傳世作品(pin)有《漁村小雪圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》卷,現藏(zang)(zang)故宮博物(wu)院;《煙(yan)江疊嶂圖(tu)(tu)(tu)》卷,藏(zang)(zang)上海(hai)博物(wu)館。
王(wang)詵(shen)妻寶安公主(zhu)(1051年(nian)-1080年(nian)),宋英(ying)宗第二女,母(mu)宣仁圣烈皇后。
嘉祐八年(nian)(1063年(nian)),封寶安公主。宋神宗即位,進舒國(guo)長公主,改蜀國(guo)長公主,下嫁左衛將軍王詵。
王詵母盧氏(shi)寡(gua)居,公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)住在近處,每天給婆婆進獻美食。盧氏(shi)生病,公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)親自調和(he)湯(tang)劑奉(feng)上(shang)(shang)。皇(huang)帝厚待姊妹,因此(ci)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府第(di)池花(hua)園服飾珍玩極其(qi)華麗(li)。公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)因不能(neng)每天在寶慈(ci)宮服侍宣仁皇(huang)后,常常郁郁不樂(le)。有時干熱不雨,宋(song)(song)神宗減少(shao)享受以祈禱(dao),公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)也是如此(ci),說:“我的俸祿皆出(chu)于朝廷,固應同(tong)同(tong)喜同(tong)悲。”宋(song)(song)神宗為慈(ci)圣光獻皇(huang)后居喪(sang),哀傷過(guo)度,公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)說:“吾與皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)同(tong)母所生,視此(ci)亦(yi)復保聊!”馬上(shang)(shang)遣散歌舞三(san)十人。
元豐三(san)年(nian)(1080年(nian)),公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)病篤。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)性(xing)不妒忌(ji),王詵(shen)(shen)以是(shi)放縱自(zi)(zi)己,曾經被貶官(guan)。高太后(hou)親(qin)(qin)臨探病,公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)已不省人事,太后(hou)大哭,公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)很(hen)久后(hou)稍能(neng)說話,說自(zi)(zi)己必(bi)定好(hao)不起(qi)來了,握(wo)著母親(qin)(qin)的手哭泣(qi)。宋(song)神宗隨后(hou)到達,親(qin)(qin)自(zi)(zi)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)診脈(mo),端(duan)著粥喂(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)勉(mian)強為皇(huang)帝(di)都(dou)吃了。皇(huang)帝(di)賜公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)金帛六千,再(zai)問有(you)什么要求,公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)只是(shi)請恢復(fu)王詵(shen)(shen)官(guan)職而(er)已。這時,宋(song)神宗命王詵(shen)(shen)官(guan)復(fu)原職,來安慰公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)。第二天,公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)薨逝,年(nian)三(san)十歲(sui)。宋(song)神宗未沒有(you)吃飯即(ji)駕往,望第門而(er)哭,輟(chuo)朝(chao)五日(ri)。追封越國(guo)長公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu),謚賢惠。后(hou)進封大長公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu),累改(gai)秦、荊、魏三(san)國(guo)大長公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)。
公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)好讀(du)古文,喜筆(bi)札,周濟親屬,朝野內外(wai)稱賢。王詵(shen)不拘小(xiao)節(jie),和(he)小(xiao)妾(qie)在公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)身(shen)邊為非作歹(dai),小(xiao)妾(qie)常常觸犯公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)去世(shi)(shi)后,乳(ru)母告(gao)發,宋神宗命(ming)徹底追查(cha),杖打八妾(qie)并把她(ta)們婚配(pei)兵卒(zu)。公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)既葬(zang),貶謫王詵(shen)到均州。子王彥弼,三歲去世(shi)(shi)。