1937年(nian)洛川(chuan)會議以后,西北(bei)青(qing)年(nian)訓練(lian)班(ban)從延(yan)安(an)(an)遷到涇陽,于(yu)1938年(nian)春遷至此地,共(gong)舉(ju)辦了(le)6期訓練(lian)班(ban),畢業學員13000多(duo)人,培養(yang)了(le)大批青(qing)年(nian)干部。1940年(nian)4月撤回延(yan)安(an)(an)。毛澤東(dong)為青(qing)訓班(ban)題(ti)(ti)詞,朱德親赴視(shi)察(cha)并作了(le)題(ti)(ti)為《抗日形勢》的報告,林(lin)伯渠經(jing)常在此講課。青(qing)訓班(ban)班(ban)部設(she)在安(an)(an)吳(wu)寡(gua)婦周氏正(zheng)院,現(xian)保存完好。
位于(yu)涇陽縣(xian)安吳(wu)(wu)鎮安吳(wu)(wu)堡村。由門(men)(men)朝(chao)南,面闊(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian),明間(jian)為大(da)門(men)(men),兩側(ce)翼門(men)(men)較(jiao)窄(zhai)。三(san)(san)(san)架梁(liang),抬(tai)梁(liang)式(shi)(shi)結構(gou)。樂(le)樓和山(shan)門(men)(men)相連而建(jian),坐南朝(chao)北,面闊(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian),進深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)。五架梁(liang),抬(tai)梁(liang)式(shi)(shi)結構(gou),山(shan)門(men)(men)楣間(jian)嵌匾石,陰刻(ke)楷書“迎(ying)祥宮(gong)”三(san)(san)(san)字。樂(le)樓現存舞臺,三(san)(san)(san)側(ce)原有彩(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)屏(ping)風,吊(diao)頂八(ba)卦藻井(jing)。內(nei)側(ce)有一(yi)本匾,陰刻(ke)草書“清(qing)(qing)歌妙舞”。山(shan)門(men)(men)、樂(le)樓柱頭轉角、補間(jian)均為五彩(cai)(cai)(cai)重昂斗拱,一(yi)斗三(san)(san)(san)升。屏(ping)風枋板(ban)繪(hui)以蘇式(shi)(shi)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)。山(shan)門(men)(men)山(shan)墻前(qian)伸,磚雕仿(fang)木椽出檐,上施布紋板(ban)、筒瓦、溝頭滴(di)水。刷頭內(nei)側(ce)有大(da)量磚雕“萬字連珠”及花卉(hui)裝飾等。現存元(yuan)(yuan)至十(shi)七年(nian)(1280)所立《并 建(jian)大(da)道迎(ying)祥宮(gong)》碑一(yi)通立樂(le)樓前(qian)。據碑文記載,迎(ying)祥宮(gong)系涇陽縣(xian)德琳等選地(di)創建(jian)于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)間(jian)。據當地(di)人傳,清(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)末(mo)年(nian),慈禧避難西安,安吳(wu)(wu)大(da)富商吳(wu)(wu)周氏為迎(ying)圣(sheng)旨捐銀(yin)十(shi)萬錢(qian),復修、擴建(jian)該宮(gong)。
位于涇陽縣安吳(wu)(wu)鎮安吳(wu)(wu)堡吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)莊園(yuan)后。望(wang)月樓坐北朝南,面闊(kuo)五(wu)間,進深三(san)間。一層南有廊,廊通(tong)東、西(xi)兩側(ce),廊深一米。有四門(men)。圓(yuan)拱(gong)磚卷門(men)楣磚雕(diao)橫額(e)“芭蕉夜雨”等,磚卷圓(yuan)拱(gong)頂(ding)。和(he)上層對應有柱(zhu)(zhu)處亦(yi)仿(fang)木柱(zhu)(zhu)磚砌(qi)為(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形。北側(ce)為(wei)樓梯,通(tong)二(er)樓。二(er)層為(wei)七架梁,抬(tai)梁式結(jie)構。廡殿式屋頂(ding),施(shi)布紋板、筒瓦。該樓系吳(wu)(wu)周(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)之子于民國初年所建,為(wei)吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)花園(yuan)中賞(shang)月納(na)涼之用,因以(yi)為(wei)名。1985年,全部拆(chai)除(chu)重修。1988年彩(cai)繪。
吳氏(shi)莊園位于涇(jing)陽縣安(an)吳鎮安(an)吳堡村(cun)。莊園坐北朝南。建筑面(mian)積1012平(ping)方米。現存三進(jin)院(yuan)落,依南北中軸線排列。(1)門廳(ting)(ting):面(mian)闊(kuo)八(ba)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)。自東(dong)數(shu)第四間(jian)(jian)(jian)安(an)大門一合。(2)前院(yuan)東(dong)西廂房(fang):面(mian)闊(kuo)三間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)。(3)大廳(ting)(ting):面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)。(4)過廳(ting)(ting):面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)。(5)后(hou)院(yuan)廂房(fang):東(dong)廂房(fang)面(mian)闊(kuo)三間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian),西廂房(fang)面(mian)闊(kuo)三間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)。(6)退廳(ting)(ting):面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)。此建筑無文獻記載。據傳吳氏(shi)家(jia)共有東(dong)、西、南、北、中五(wu)院(yuan),該院(yuan)為東(dong)院(yuan)之(zhi)一部分。其中退廳(ting)(ting)為吳周氏(shi)住處
位(wei)于(yu)涇(jing)陽縣(xian)(xian)安(an)(an)吳(wu)鎮安(an)(an)吳(wu)堡村。1937年(nian)“盧(lu)溝(gou)橋事(shi)變”后(hou)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)抗戰需要(yao),在涇(jing)陽縣(xian)(xian)云陽鎮籌建旨(zhi)在培養(yang)青(qing)年(nian)干(gan)部(bu)、發展(zhan)抗日(ri)力量的(de)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)練班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(簡稱青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))。青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)第(di)四期以后(hou)遷至(zhi)安(an)(an)吳(wu)鎮安(an)(an)吳(wu)堡村,時(shi)稱安(an)(an)吳(wu)青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)以吳(wu)氏(shi)莊(zhuang)園為(wei)(wei)(wei)活動(dong)中(zhong)心(xin),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)領導機關班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)部(bu),中(zhong)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)會議(yi)室和(he)晚會處(chu),后(hou)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)二連駐地。望月(yue)樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)副主任胡喬木及(ji)秘書處(chu)住(zhu)(zhu)處(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東挑角樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)主任馮文彬和(he)教務處(chu)住(zhu)(zhu)處(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)西為(wei)(wei)(wei)學員住(zhu)(zhu)處(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)衛生(sheng)處(chu)和(he)一(yi)連住(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)。大操場位(wei)于(yu)吳(wu)氏(shi)莊(zhuang)園門前,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)西北(bei)角大榆樹上(shang)懸掛銅鐘(zhong),青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)作息以撞此(ci)鐘(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)號。迎(ying)祥宮(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)會場之一(yi),系(xi)排演節(jie)目和(he)舉辦晚會的(de)場所。1940年(nian)4月(yue),按(an)照中(zhong)央(yang)指(zhi)示(shi),青(qing)訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)全部(bu)撤離安(an)(an)吳(wu)堡。
吳 周 氏:
(1868—1910),清涇(jing)陽縣(xian)魯橋鎮(zhen)孟(meng)店村(今屬三原縣(xian))人(ren),女,地方財閥。娘家為名門世族。17歲時(shi)出(chu)嫁涇(jing)陽縣(xian)安(an)(an)吳鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)吳堡村吳家,丈夫吳聘(pin)因染(ran)疾(ji)不愈(yu),婚后(hou)數日(ri)死(si)去(qu),因吳家無(wu)男丁(ding)承嗣,吳周(zhou)氏(shi)成為吳家惟一繼承人(ren),此(ci)后(hou)吳周(zhou)氏(shi)即被稱為“安(an)(an)吳寡婦”。
其(qi)(qi)婆家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)祖(zu)先(xian)(xian),唐朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)由江蘇遷來,為確保后(hou)輩永遠安(an)(an)(an)(an)寧,遂將(jiang)住(zhu)地(di)起(qi)名(ming)“安(an)(an)(an)(an)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)”。后(hou)歷各(ge)朝(chao),子(zi)孫(sun)繁衍,至(zhi)清初興盛發(fa)達(da)起(qi)來。其(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)兄(xiong)弟分為東(dong)、西、南、北、中(zhong)五(wu)大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),又稱(cheng)五(wu)大(da)院(yuan),以東(dong)院(yuan)最為興旺。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)婆家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的曾祖(zu)父(fu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)恒德即(ji)是東(dong)院(yuan)人(ren)。及(ji)至(zhi)祖(zu)父(fu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)萼軒(字(zi)(zi)(zi)汝英),在(zai)(zai)甘肅涼州(zhou)一(yi)(yi)帶經商(shang)獲利(li),用銀子(zi)捐(juan)得“誥(gao)(gao)授武德騎尉(wei)衛守(shou)府(fu)”的官銜。公(gong)公(gong)尉(wei)文(字(zi)(zi)(zi)漢章)時(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)方面續(xu)用銀子(zi)捐(juan)官,先(xian)(xian)后(hou)任湖(hu)(hu)北后(hou)補道臺、山西寧武知府(fu)等(deng)職;另一(yi)(yi)方面憑借(jie)辦理(li)淮鹽(yan)鹽(yan)務(wu)(在(zai)(zai)戶部(bu)注(zhu)冊,承辦江蘇、江西、安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽等(deng)省鹽(yan)業的專賣權)、掌握(wo)數(shu)(shu)百鹽(yan)引(yin)(即(ji)朝(chao)廷發(fa)給的鹽(yan)業專賣執照)之便,在(zai)(zai)揚(yang)州(zhou)設(she)立鹽(yan)務(wu)總號“裕(yu)隆全(quan)”,各(ge)地(di)設(she)立分號,一(yi)(yi)年(nian)就(jiu)有數(shu)(shu)百萬(wan)兩(liang)銀子(zi)收入(ru),成為遠近聞名(ming)的大(da)鹽(yan)商(shang)。光緒(xu)(xu)丙子(zi)年(nian)(1876)尉(wei)文去世,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)商(shang)業開始(shi)衰敗(bai)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)來吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)接管家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)事(shi)后(hou),“垂簾聽政”,精(jing)明用人(ren),勤(qin)于算計,極盡理(li)財(cai)聚(ju)(ju)財(cai)之能事(shi),使(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)商(shang)業又迅速走(zou)向繁榮興旺。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)原有產(chan)業如(ru)江蘇、江西、安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽等(deng)省淮鹽(yan)經營繼續(xu)得以維持,又先(xian)(xian)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)(hu)北、上(shang)海、四川、重慶、甘肅及(ji)陜西各(ge)地(di)設(she)立很多(duo)商(shang)號,各(ge)大(da)商(shang)埠、碼頭都(dou)有吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的生意(yi)(yi),勢力逐漸擴(kuo)張(zhang),當時(shi)(shi)民(min)間流(liu)傳一(yi)(yi)句話“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)伙(huo)計走(zou)州(zhou)過縣(xian),不(bu)(bu)吃別家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的飯,不(bu)(bu)住(zhu)別家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的店(dian)”,形容其(qi)(qi)實力雄厚。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)憑借(jie)龐大(da)資本(ben)和官商(shang)勢力,壟斷居奇,巧取豪奪,在(zai)(zai)生意(yi)(yi)興隆時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(1890—1900)聚(ju)(ju)集了大(da)量財(cai)富。她在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)堡內仿效北京(jing)紫禁城格局,營建工程浩大(da)的豪華(hua)(hua)住(zhu)宅(zhai),廳堂陳(chen)設(she)都(dou)是當時(shi)(shi)極品(pin),日(ri)常(chang)起(qi)居也極為富貴奢華(hua)(hua),仆役人(ren)數(shu)(shu)達(da)2000余人(ren),全(quan)年(nian)花(hua)費(fei)十余萬(wan)銀兩(liang)。隨著財(cai)產(chan)不(bu)(bu)斷增(zeng)加,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)謀(mou)求取得政治地(di)位。光緒(xu)(xu)庚子(zi)年(nian)(1900),八國(guo)聯軍(jun)侵(qin)入(ru)北京(jing),慈(ci)禧(xi)太后(hou)倉皇逃到(dao)西安(an)(an)(an)(an)避難,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)趁(chen)機以“助紓國(guo)難”名(ming)義,向慈(ci)禧(xi)太后(hou)貢(gong)銀十萬(wan)兩(liang)。慈(ci)禧(xi)嘉許(xu)其(qi)(qi)舉,誥(gao)(gao)封二品(pin)夫(fu)人(ren)(吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)死后(hou)被誥(gao)(gao)贈一(yi)(yi)品(pin)夫(fu)人(ren)),賜御筆(bi)(bi)親書(shu)“護國(guo)夫(fu)人(ren)”的金字(zi)(zi)(zi)牌匾(bian)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)為顯(xian)示榮耀(yao),大(da)肆鋪張(zhang),上(shang)演大(da)戲三天三夜(ye)。此時(shi)(shi)她躋身皇帝國(guo)戚,聲名(ming)顯(xian)赫,是一(yi)(yi)生中(zhong)鼎盛時(shi)(shi)期(qi)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)亦曾為賑濟(ji)災民(min)、修建文廟(miao)等(deng)公(gong)益事(shi)業捐(juan)助大(da)筆(bi)(bi)銀兩(liang)。守(shou)寡20余年(nian),運用聚(ju)(ju)財(cai)博名(ming)的精(jing)明手段(duan),使(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)成為關中(zhong)著名(ming)的大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)望族,本(ben)人(ren)亦被民(min)間視為“活財(cai)神”。終年(nian)42歲(sui)。