歷史記載
漢書記載
《漢書·地(di)理志(zhi)》“望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”下注:“張(zhang)晏曰(yue):堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北,堯(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan),登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)(gu)以為名(ming)。”;《史記,秦始皇本(ben)紀(ji)》載(zai)“以攻龍、孤、慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)”,此文(wen)下注《正義》引《括地(di)志(zhi)》云:“又定州唐(tang)縣(xian)東北五十(shi)四里(li)(li)有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。蓋都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。《帝王紀(ji)》云‘堯(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居’。張(zhang)晏云‘堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北,堯(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan),相去五十(shi)里(li)(li),北登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)(nan)(nan)望(wang)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)’”。清顧祖禹《讀史方(fang)輿紀(ji)要(yao)》卷十(shi)二:“(唐(tang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))縣(xian)北八里(li)(li)。一(yi)名(ming)唐(tang)巖,亦名(ming)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又縣(xian)東北十(shi)五里(li)(li)有孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),四面平坦(tan),不與他山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相接。一(yi)名(ming)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),亦名(ming)亙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),又謂之望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。張(zhang)晏曰(yue):都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan),堯(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居。堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)其北。登堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)(gu)以望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為名(ming),即此二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。”
水經注記載
酈道元(yuan)《水經注(zhu)》卷十(shi)(shi)一(yi)滱(kou)水注(zhu)云(yun):“應(ying)劭《地(di)理(li)風俗(su)(su)記(ji)(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):唐(tang)(tang)(tang)縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)四十(shi)(shi)里(li)得中人亭。今于此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取中人鄉(xiang),則(ze)(ze)四十(shi)(shi)也(ye)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)水在西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)入滱(kou),與(yu)應(ying)符合,又(you)言堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)者,在南則(ze)(ze)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)非也(ye)。闞駰《十(shi)(shi)三州志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):中山(shan)(shan)(shan)治(zhi)盧奴,唐(tang)(tang)(tang)縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在國(guo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)七十(shi)(shi)五里(li)。駰所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)則(ze)(ze)非也(ye)。《史記(ji)(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):帝嚳氏沒(mei),帝堯(yao)(yao)(yao)氏作,始封于唐(tang)(tang)(tang)。望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)在南,今此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南對盧奴故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),自(zi)外無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考(kao)古知今,事義全(quan)違,俗(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)(ze)八十(shi)(shi)許(xu)里(li),距中山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)(ze)七十(shi)(shi)里(li),驗(yan)途推邑,宜為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)去(qu)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)五里(li),與(yu)七十(shi)(shi)五里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)相(xiang)符。然則(ze)(ze)俗(su)(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan),即(ji)(ji)是(shi)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan),在唐(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)界。皇甫(fu)(fu)謐曰(yue)(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)亦名(ming)(ming)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。今山(shan)(shan)(shan)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)如東(dong),嶄絕孤峙(zhi),虎牙桀立(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)南有(you)(you)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)廟,是(shi)即(ji)(ji)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)者也(ye)。《地(di)理(li)志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在南。今考(kao)此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南,又(you)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)先后論者,咸以(yi)(yi)《地(di)理(li)記(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)為(wei)失。又(you)即(ji)(ji)俗(su)(su)說(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者,自(zi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)無(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),假復有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),途程紆(yu)遠(yuan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)全(quan)乖,古證傳為(wei)疏罔。是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)足(zu),有(you)(you)一(yi)泉源,東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)流(liu)徑豆(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)合蘇(su)水,亂流(liu)轉注(zhu)東(dong)入滱(kou),是(shi)豈唐(tang)(tang)(tang)水乎?所(suo)未詳也(ye)。又(you)于是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南如東(dong)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)里(li),有(you)(you)一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗(su)(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),或(huo)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。縣(xian)(xian)在唐(tang)(tang)(tang)南,皇甫(fu)(fu)謐曰(yue)(yue)(yue):相(xiang)去(qu)五十(shi)(shi)里(li)。稽(ji)諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di),猶十(shi)(shi)五里(li),蓋書(shu)誤耳。此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong),有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)孤峙(zhi),世以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)連陵(ling),名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan),孤、都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)聲相(xiang)近,疑即(ji)(ji)所(suo)謂都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。《帝王(wang)世紀(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居,故(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)目曰(yue)(yue)(yue)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。張(zhang)晏曰(yue)(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在北(bei)(bei)(bei),堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在南,登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。”
猜測
保(bao)定(ding)唐(tang)縣、完縣、望都(dou)(dou)三縣所謂帝堯(yao)“生域(yu)”這一帶(dai),有(you)堯(yao)山和慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山,分(fen)別以堯(yao)和堯(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)的(de)名字命(ming)名;堯(yao)山在北(bei),堯(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山在南(nan),北(bei)登(deng)堯(yao)山望見慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山,望都(dou)(dou)縣由(you)此(ci)而(er)得(de)名;堯(yao)山和慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山之間有(you)一定(ding)距離(li)。
中國歷史地圖集記載
按:據《中國歷史地(di)圖集》載(zai),春秋時期,境內(nei)(nei)已有左人(ren)邑(yi)(yi)(今周雹(bao)水、北(bei)雹(bao)水)、中人(ren)邑(yi)(yi)(今都(dou)亭)、孤(gu)邑(yi)(yi)(今北(bei)高昌,亦稱(cheng)慶都(dou)邑(yi)(yi)),陽邑(yi)(yi)(亦稱(cheng)唐(tang)邑(yi)(yi),今固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)),屬燕地(di)、中山(shan)地(di)。又據望都(dou)縣(xian)志記(ji)載(zai):慶都(dou)縣(xian)原治所(suo)自西漢至北(bei)宋,在(zai)唐(tang)縣(xian)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高昌一帶。故(gu)酈(li)道(dao)元《水經注》對陽邑(yi)(yi)(按即(ji)唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、慶都(dou)縣(xian)舊治,考察極為清晰:今之“南(nan)(nan)北(bei)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,就是所(suo)謂帝堯(yao)(yao)史封之“唐(tang)”,而“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan)(nan)如東十(shi)余里(li),有一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗謂之高昌縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),或望都(dou)之故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。縣(xian)在(zai)唐(tang)南(nan)(nan)”,“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di),猶(you)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li),蓋(gai)書(shu)誤耳”,酈(li)道(dao)元作(zuo)了實(shi)地(di)考察,唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與高昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之間,相距(ju)大約十(shi)五(wu)(wu)華(hua)里(li),所(suo)以皇甫謐說相距(ju)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li),大概是書(shu)寫(xie)之誤。而《漢書(shu),地(di)理志》說,“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)”,而唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan)(nan)并沒有這樣(yang)一座“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)”,但“唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)五(wu)(wu)里(li)”,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)卻恰恰有這么(me)一座“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)”,這座距(ju)北(bei)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)(wu)里(li)的所(suo)謂“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)”,即(ji)是位于順平縣(xian)境內(nei)(nei)的“伊祁(qi)山(shan)”,也(ye)就是《完縣(xian)新志》所(suo)載(zai)帝堯(yao)(yao)出(chu)生之地(di),由此(ci)可知(zhi),堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)就是伊祁(qi)山(shan)。
位置
再說慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)位置。《史記正義》引(yin)“張晏(yan)云(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在北,堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南,相(xiang)(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li),北登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南望(wang)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)’”。按(an)酈道元《水經注(zhu),滱水注(zhu)》云(yun):(唐(tang)(tang))“城(cheng)(cheng)之南如(ru)東十(shi)(shi)余里(li),有(you)一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng),俗謂(wei)(wei)之高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)縣城(cheng)(cheng),或望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)之故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)”,而“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)北去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)”,又云(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang))之東,有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤峙,世以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵,名(ming)之曰(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),孤、都(dou)(dou)(dou)聲相(xiang)(xiang)近(jin),疑即所謂(wei)(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)”,由(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)可知(zhi),唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)大約(yue)距(ju)離高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)“十(shi)(shi)余里(li)”,而唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)北距(ju)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li),高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)之東即是(shi)“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,故(gu)“堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”南距(ju)“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”恰好大約(yue)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)左右。所以,酈道元指(zhi)出,“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)地(di),猶(you)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li),蓋(gai)書誤耳”,這雖然(ran)是(shi)指(zhi)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)大致距(ju)離,但我(wo)們(men)由(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦可知(zhi)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相(xiang)(xiang)距(ju)也(ye)應大致如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci),而張晏(yan)所謂(wei)(wei)兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“相(xiang)(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)”,皇甫謐(mi)說唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)“相(xiang)(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)”,如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)巧合(he),當(dang)是(shi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)書寫之誤無疑。故(gu)由(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)可知(zhi),所謂(wei)(wei)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),就是(shi)現在在順平縣城(cheng)(cheng)通往唐(tang)(tang)縣縣城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)公(gong)路旁,唐(tang)(tang)縣高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)東、望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)郭村村北的(de)“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,當(dang)地(di)人(ren)俗稱“小孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面積0、1平方公(gong)里(li),海拔111、9米(mi),因(yin)為四周皆(jie)是(shi)平原,無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)相(xiang)(xiang)連,故(gu)名(ming)。因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體結構(gou)是(shi)“麻片(pian)巖”,石質尖脆,便于開(kai)采(cai),近(jin)些年當(dang)地(di)人(ren)過(guo)度開(kai)采(cai)石頭,已經基本(ben)快炸平了。據本(ben)地(di)老人(ren)們(men)說,孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上曾經有(you)塔和(he)(he)廟 , 后因(yin)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取石,今(jin)天廟、塔今(jin)已蕩(dang)然(ran)無存。