2012年(nian)2月29日(ri)，云(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府(fu)正式批(pi)準成立“云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙山省(sheng)級自然保護區”。
2013年12月，國(guo)務(wu)院辦(ban)公(gong)廳(ting)批準成立云南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區，主要由(you)原(yuan)來的三個省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區（三江口、海子(zi)坪、朝天馬）和二個市級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區（大關縣羅(luo)漢壩、永善縣小(xiao)巖方(fang)）合并而成。
2014年12月，昭通市(shi)機構編制委員會(hui)批準成立了“云南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區管理局(ju)(ju)”，屬(shu)(shu)昭通市(shi)林(lin)業(ye)局(ju)(ju)下屬(shu)(shu)正科級財(cai)政(zheng)全(quan)額撥(bo)款事(shi)業(ye)單位(wei)。
2015年(nian)12月，《云南省機(ji)構編(bian)制委(wei)員會(hui)關于昭通市設置國(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區管護(hu)局的(de)批(pi)復》批(pi)準成立了“云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區管護(hu)局”，屬昭通市林業局下屬正處級事業單位。?
2016年10月12日(ri)，《云南(nan)烏蒙山國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區總體規劃》編(bian)制工作正式啟動。?
云南烏(wu)蒙山國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區位于云南省東北部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)昭(zhao)通市境內(nei)，東部(bu)(bu)連接(jie)著貴(gui)州巖溶山原，北面與四川盆(pen)地(di)相望，南邊(bian)向滇(dian)中高原過渡(du)，西處橫斷(duan)山脈的(de)(de)邊(bian)緣，地(di)處四個(ge)自(zi)然(ran)區域特色(se)逥然(ran)不(bu)同的(de)(de)結(jie)合過渡(du)地(di)帶。?
地層
滇(dian)東北是揚子地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺蓋層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)發(fa)育完全(quan)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)之一，由于受到各種地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)運動的(de)(de)影響，全(quan)區(qu)有多個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)(chu)露。云南烏蒙山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)正好位于滇(dian)東北地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺沉(chen)積帶內，因此該保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)也出(chu)(chu)露有多個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。根(gen)據考察(cha)的(de)(de)結果，烏蒙山自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內主要出(chu)(chu)露的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有寒(han)武(wu)系(xi)、奧陶(tao)系(xi)、泥盆系(xi)、二(er)疊(die)系(xi)、三(san)疊(die)系(xi)、侏羅系(xi)等地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。其(qi)中(zhong)以二(er)疊(die)系(xi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)(chu)露最為(wei)廣泛，其(qi)次為(wei)泥盆系(xi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。?
巖石
云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)因分布(bu)(bu)范(fan)圍(wei)較(jiao)大，所以境(jing)內(nei)及其附近地區(qu)(qu)所出露的(de)巖石種類較(jiao)多。根據考察(cha)發現，保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)巖漿巖、變質(zhi)巖和(he)(he)沉積(ji)巖均有(you)出現，并且(qie)都有(you)一(yi)定的(de)分布(bu)(bu)范(fan)圍(wei)。在(zai)三大類巖石中，巖漿巖和(he)(he)變質(zhi)巖的(de)分布(bu)(bu)范(fan)圍(wei)較(jiao)小，沉積(ji)巖的(de)分布(bu)(bu)面(mian)積(ji)較(jiao)大，幾乎遍布(bu)(bu)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)所有(you)片區(qu)(qu)。?
構造
云(yun)南烏蒙山國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區屬于揚(yang)子(zi)準(zhun)地(di)(di)臺，滇黔川(chuan)鄂臺坳中的(de)(de)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)斷(duan)裂(lie)地(di)(di)帶(dai)，經歷了三次大的(de)(de)地(di)(di)殼運(yun)(yun)動，即晉(jin)寧(ning)運(yun)(yun)動、加(jia)里東(dong)運(yun)(yun)動和(he)喜馬拉(la)雅(ya)運(yun)(yun)動，因而形(xing)成了復(fu)雜的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形(xing)和(he)地(di)(di)貌。全(quan)區的(de)(de)構(gou)造以斷(duan)裂(lie)和(he)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)最為發(fa)育(yu)，如斷(duan)裂(lie)有鹽津——永(yong)善(shan)——巧家(jia)斷(duan)裂(lie)、大關(guan)——昭(zhao)通——巧家(jia)斷(duan)裂(lie)和(he)彝良——昭(zhao)通——巧家(jia)斷(duan)裂(lie)等(deng)，褶(zhe)皺(zhou)發(fa)育(yu)如木桿新街向(xiang)斜(xie)、羅漢(han)壩背斜(xie)和(he)彝良復(fu)向(xiang)斜(xie)等(deng)。受“小江斷(duan)裂(lie)”的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，整個昭(zhao)通地(di)(di)區褶(zhe)皺(zhou)和(he)斷(duan)裂(lie)均(jun)呈大致平行的(de)(de)北東(dong)方向(xiang)，由此(ci)導致地(di)(di)貌結(jie)構(gou)復(fu)雜類(lei)型多樣(yang)化(hua)。?
地貌特征
（1）地勢向北(bei)傾斜(xie)，并具有雙層結(jie)構
云南(nan)烏蒙山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)恰處(chu)(chu)于(yu)云南(nan)高原的(de)(de)北部，處(chu)(chu)于(yu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)和(he)貴(gui)州(zhou)高原的(de)(de)邊緣過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶，高原斜(xie)(xie)坡受金沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)支流的(de)(de)深切，形成梁狀山地(di)(di)(di)與(yu)狹長河(he)(he)谷(gu)相(xiang)間的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌格局，地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)十分崎(qi)嶇，地(di)(di)(di)勢傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)較(jiao)為(wei)特(te)殊(shu)，從(cong)上(shang)層山峰線由西(xi)南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，谷(gu)底線分兩個(ge)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，一(yi)為(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北或東(dong)北向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，一(yi)為(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)或東(dong)南(nan)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，使該區(qu)出現(xian)上(shang)、下兩層的(de)(de)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不一(yi)致的(de)(de)狀況，具有雙層結(jie)構的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。在保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)南(nan)面屬(shu)于(yu)四(si)處(chu)(chu)盆地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)邊緣山地(di)(di)(di)，整個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)勢由西(xi)南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北面的(de)(de)金沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)谷(gu)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，并(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)過渡，而與(yu)云南(nan)全省北高南(nan)低的(de)(de)大地(di)(di)(di)勢相(xiang)反，以致對植被和(he)物(wu)種的(de)(de)分布產生了顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)影響，如(ru)一(yi)些(xie)云南(nan)南(nan)部的(de)(de)偏熱性物(wu)種能夠出現(xian)在本區(qu)的(de)(de)北部。?
（2）高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)邊緣型山原(yuan)(yuan)地貌
云(yun)南(nan)(nan)烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區正好處在云(yun)南(nan)(nan)高(gao)原(yuan)北(bei)緣，是一片(pian)高(gao)原(yuan)向(xiang)大型盆地(di)(di)過(guo)渡的斜坡地(di)(di)帶(dai)，大部分(fen)地(di)(di)面(mian)均被各級河流切開(kai)，形成長形山(shan)地(di)(di)與峽谷相間的地(di)(di)表形態(tai)。這種(zhong)地(di)(di)貌結構，因在高(gao)原(yuan)邊緣地(di)(di)帶(dai)出現，故(gu)稱為原(yuan)邊型山(shan)原(yuan)地(di)(di)貌。?
（3）深切(qie)割的中山山地
云南烏(wu)蒙(meng)山(shan)(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護區所在(zai)地屬(shu)于五蓮峰和烏(wu)蒙(meng)山(shan)(shan)的部(bu)分(fen)山(shan)(shan)地，平均高(gao)度(du)在(zai)2000－2500米(mi)之(zhi)間，東片(pian)僅在(zai)1500米(mi)左右，屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)范疇。但(dan)從相(xiang)對高(gao)度(du)情況看(kan)，它切割較(jiao)深(shen)，不少(shao)山(shan)(shan)地相(xiang)對高(gao)度(du)在(zai)1000米(mi)以(yi)上，部(bu)分(fen)在(zai)500－1000米(mi)之(zhi)間，屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)等切割到(dao)深(shen)切割的中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)地組成(cheng)(cheng)的巖(yan)(yan)石以(yi)碎屑巖(yan)(yan)為主(zhu)，間有部(bu)分(fen)巖(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)巖(yan)(yan)和碳酸巖(yan)(yan)，是一片(pian)組成(cheng)(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)石種類較(jiao)多的中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地。?
（4）河谷以峽谷為主，缺少大型盆地(di)
眾多支流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經保護區或其邊(bian)緣地帶，其原邊(bian)地帶又(you)加上(shang)(shang)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)深切(qie)，使得地面異常崎嶇(qu)，除(chu)了(le)深至中切(qie)割(ge)山地外，基本上(shang)(shang)被縱橫的(de)峽(xia)谷(gu)所連接，除(chu)了(le)在一些支流(liu)(liu)(liu)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)源保留有原高原面上(shang)(shang)的(de)古河谷(gu)屬寬谷(gu)形平坦地貌(mao)形態外，很少有壩子(zi)。?
云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)所處地(di)(di)勢高(gao)聳(song)，區(qu)(qu)內有高(gao)大山(shan)脈分(fen)布，河(he)流(liu)水系發達切(qie)割頗深，地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型復(fu)雜多(duo)樣，是云貴高(gao)原(yuan)的(de)典型區(qu)(qu)域。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍跨度較大，從大地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)形態看，是屬高(gao)原(yuan)邊(bian)緣的(de)中山(shan)與峽(xia)谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)，但次一級地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)形態的(de)種類(lei)仍然(ran)較多(duo)，主要(yao)的(de)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)有山(shan)地(di)(di)、河(he)谷(gu)與盆地(di)(di)和(he)卡斯特地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)等三種類(lei)型。其中山(shan)地(di)(di)是保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的(de)的(de)主要(yao)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型，該類(lei)型中除(chu)深切(qie)割中山(shan)之外，還包括有相對升(sheng)降所殘(can)(can)存的(de)部分(fen)高(gao)原(yuan)面(mian)殘(can)(can)片及原(yuan)面(mian)上和(he)部分(fen)寬谷(gu)邊(bian)緣上散布的(de)丘陵地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)。這一帶山(shan)地(di)(di)海(hai)拔高(gao)度均(jun)在1000米以(yi)上，屬于低山(shan)和(he)中山(shan)范疇(chou)。?
云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區位于云南(nan)東北(bei)部(bu)邊緣，地處(chu)云貴(gui)川三省結(jie)合部(bu)，地勢北(bei)低南(nan)高，由(you)四川盆地逐(zhu)漸向云貴(gui)高原(yuan)抬升，保護區內山(shan)(shan)巒(luan)交錯(cuo)，河谷縱橫，是(shi)四川盆地進入云南(nan)冷空(kong)氣的主要通(tong)道，易(yi)受冷空(kong)氣影響，常在昆明準靜止鋒控制下，氣候與云南(nan)大部(bu)分地區不同，而與具有中國(guo)東部(bu)型季風氣候的特(te)點的貴(gui)州相(xiang)似，屬亞熱帶濕潤季風氣候。
云南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)13～17℃；年(nian)(nian)日照時數(shu)在(zai)1000小時以下，平(ping)均每天(tian)(tian)不到3小時；無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)有9～11個(ge)月，永善(shan)無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)320天(tian)(tian)，鹽津無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)328天(tian)(tian)，大(da)關(guan)無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)310天(tian)(tian)，彝良無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)295天(tian)(tian)；年(nian)(nian)降水量600～1300毫(hao)米之間；西(xi)南(nan)部包括永善(shan)和彝良一部分地區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬西(xi)部型季(ji)風氣(qi)候，東北部包括鹽津、大(da)關(guan)全(quan)部，永善(shan)和彝良大(da)部分地區(qu)(qu)(qu)，具有東部型季(ji)風氣(qi)候區(qu)(qu)(qu)的特征(zheng)。?
云南烏蒙山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)大部分地區(qu)都處(chu)于中、北(bei)亞熱帶，故(gu)而(er)降(jiang)雨量豐富，境(jing)內水系比較(jiao)發達(da)，各個片區(qu)內都有多(duo)條(tiao)河(he)流和(he)溪流。?
云南(nan)烏蒙山國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)其(qi)附近(jin)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬于(yu)(yu)金沙江水(shui)系(xi)，較大(da)的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)洛澤河(he)(he)(he)、白水(shui)江、黃水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)關(guan)河(he)(he)(he)、木桿河(he)(he)(he)和小河(he)(he)(he)等。這些(xie)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)分布于(yu)(yu)昭(zhao)通(tong)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的中部和北部，其(qi)支流(liu)(liu)多發源于(yu)(yu)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內。受高原(yuan)邊緣的地(di)(di)勢(shi)條(tiao)件與區(qu)(qu)(qu)內中部局(ju)部隆(long)起的影響，河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)較復雜(za)，大(da)部分河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)由南(nan)向(xiang)北流(liu)(liu)。其(qi)中，白水(shui)江向(xiang)西、西北流(liu)(liu)動，而紅水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)向(xiang)東流(liu)(liu)，黃水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)與高橋(qiao)河(he)(he)(he)的局(ju)部河(he)(he)(he)段又向(xiang)南(nan)流(liu)(liu)，保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)基(ji)本上也是多向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)動。?
云(yun)南(nan)烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)位于(yu)云(yun)南(nan)省東北(bei)部的昭通市境內，東連貴州巖溶山原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，北(bei)與四川(chuan)盆地(di)相望，南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)滇中(zhong)高原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)過(guo)渡(du)，西處橫斷山脈邊緣。地(di)跨大(da)關、彝(yi)良(liang)、鹽(yan)津、永善和威信(xin)等5個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、16個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，大(da)關縣(xian)(xian)(xian)木桿鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（漂壩(ba)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、元亨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、天(tian)(tian)星鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（沿河(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、中(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），永善縣(xian)(xian)(xian)細沙(sha)(sha)鄉(xiang)（細沙(sha)(sha)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、三(san)堡村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石(shi)坪村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、團(tuan)結(jie)鄉(xiang)（東勝(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、蘇田村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、向(xiang)(xiang)陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大(da)毛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、檜溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（得勝(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），鹽(yan)津縣(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)和鄉(xiang)（大(da)浩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、柿子(zi)壩(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（新生村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、岔河(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、廟壩(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（流場村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、紅碧村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、豆沙(sha)(sha)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（銀廠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），彝(yi)良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)小草(cao)壩(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（小草(cao)壩(ba)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大(da)橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、兩(liang)河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（兩(liang)河(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大(da)竹(zhu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白米(mi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、半河(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、鐘(zhong)鳴鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（麻窩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、牛街鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（三(san)合(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、龍海鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（龍海村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、放牛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、洛旺(wang)鄉(xiang)（中(zhong)廠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、樹草(cao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），威信(xin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（安(an)穩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），地(di)理坐標介于(yu)東經103°51′47" ～104°45′04"，北(bei)緯27°47′35"～28°17′42"之間。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)由(you)(you)三(san)江口(kou)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)、朝天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)和海子(zi)坪片(pian)(pian)區(qu)三(san)個(ge)(ge)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)組成(cheng)，三(san)江口(kou)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)由(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的三(san)江口(kou)省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)和小巖方市級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)組成(cheng)；朝天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)由(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的朝天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)和羅(luo)漢壩(ba)市級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)組成(cheng)；而海子(zi)坪片(pian)(pian)區(qu)是(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)海子(zi)坪省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)。云(yun)南(nan)烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)總(zong)面積26186.65公頃。?
云(yun)(yun)南烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區是保(bao)存面積較大而完整(zheng)，類型結構典型，并具(ju)有(you)云(yun)(yun)貴高(gao)原代表性(xing)的亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)山地濕(shi)性(xing)常綠闊葉林(lin)森林(lin)生態(tai)系(xi)統，同時以維(wei)護(hu)烏(wu)蒙山區與金沙江—長江流域(yu)生態(tai)安全為主要保(bao)護(hu)管理目標，其主要保(bao)護(hu)對象為亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)濕(shi)性(xing)常綠闊葉林(lin)森林(lin)生態(tai)系(xi)統、珍(zhen)稀瀕危動植物(wu)物(wu)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)及(ji)其棲息(xi)地。?
哺乳類
截(jie)至2016年，云南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)9目、28科、70屬(shu)、92種(zhong)(zhong)。保護(hu)區(qu)分布有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)和CITES附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅰ、附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅱ保護(hu)的哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)類23種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)金(jin)錢豹、云豹和林(lin)(lin)麝(she)(she)3種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)黑熊(xiong)(xiong)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓、水(shui)獺(ta)、金(jin)貓、中(zhong)華鬣(lie)(lie)羚(ling)(ling)、川西斑羚(ling)(ling)、穿山(shan)甲、水(shui)鹿、獼猴(hou)、藏(zang)酋猴(hou)、豺、青鼬、小(xiao)爪(zhua)水(shui)獺(ta)、大(da)靈貓、小(xiao)靈貓、叢(cong)林(lin)(lin)貓16種(zhong)(zhong)，毛冠(guan)鹿是云南省(sheng)Ⅱ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野生哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)；CITES的附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)更多(duo)，除3種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)有(you)(you)黑熊(xiong)(xiong)、林(lin)(lin)麝(she)(she)、穿山(shan)甲、水(shui)獺(ta)、金(jin)貓、鬣(lie)(lie)羚(ling)(ling)和斑羚(ling)(ling)等7種(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)被列為(wei)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)，另(ling)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)未(wei)列入國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)名單(dan)的豹貓和北樹鼩也被列為(wei)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)-Ⅱ物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)哺(bu)乳(ru)(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)較多(duo)是保護(hu)區(qu)的另(ling)一大(da)特色。?
鳥類
截(jie)至2016年，云南烏蒙山國家(jia)(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)共有356種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)于18目、66科；并(bing)且(qie)在(zai)各(ge)生(sheng)境類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)中都有分布(bu)，以常綠闊葉林(lin)記錄(lu)(lu)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)為(wei)最多有197種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)記錄(lu)(lu)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)55.34%，針闊混交林(lin)187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)52.53 %、干熱(re)(re)(re)河谷180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，農田耕(geng)作地175種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，濕地93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，松林(lin)生(sheng)境類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)相(xiang)對(dui)較少有80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)22.47%，反映了鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分布(bu)的(de)生(sheng)境多樣性特(te)征。居留情(qing)況以留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)絕對(dui)優勢計195種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)記錄(lu)(lu)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)54.78%，夏候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)50種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)19.04%， 冬候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)17. 98% ，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)13. 20%。在(zai)該區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分布(bu)區(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)也十分的(de)豐富，總體上以東洋型(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)優勢，占(zhan)(zhan)所錄(lu)(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)31.18%，其(qi)中又以熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)～溫帶(dai)、熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)～北亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)和熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)～中亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)的(de)繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)多；其(qi)次是喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅(ya)－橫(heng)斷(duan)山區(qu)型(xing)，占(zhan)(zhan)16.29%，其(qi)中又以橫(heng)斷(duan)山～喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅(ya)和在(zai)橫(heng)斷(duan)山區(qu)繁(fan)殖的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)多；古北型(xing)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)14. 04%，泛古北型(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，占(zhan)(zhan)10.11%，東北型(xing)占(zhan)(zhan) 9.55%，全北型(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)7.30%，南中國型(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)7.02%，季風(feng)型(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)1.12%。該區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分布(bu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)與區(qu)系(xi)組成表(biao)現(xian)出該區(qu)處(chu)于東洋界(jie)向(xiang)古北界(jie)過(guo)渡的(de)區(qu)域特(te)征。該區(qu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)較多，有國家(jia)(jia)I級重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（四川山鷓鴣、白(bai)鷴峨眉亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、黑頸鶴、黑鸛），國家(jia)(jia)II級重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?
兩棲爬行類
截至(zhi)2016年，云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)已(yi)知具(ju)有93種(zhong)兩棲爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，其(qi)中兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)39種(zhong)，隸(li)屬于2目(mu)(mu)9科(ke)19屬；爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)，隸(li)屬于3目(mu)(mu)（亞(ya)目(mu)(mu)）11科(ke)29屬。該(gai)流域還具(ju)有不少數量的(de)珍稀(xi)、瀕(bin)危和(he)(he)重點保(bao)護兩棲爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)種(zhong)類，其(qi)中包括2種(zhong)國家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)，大鯢和(he)(he)貴(gui)州疣螈；3種(zhong)云南省保(bao)護的(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，即舟山(shan)眼鏡蛇、孟加拉眼鏡蛇和(he)(he)眼鏡王(wang)蛇；5種(zhong)云南省有經濟價(jia)值的(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，即平(ping)胸龜(gui)(gui)、鱉、王(wang)錦蛇、黑眉(mei)錦蛇和(he)(he)烏(wu)梢蛇；3種(zhong)列入《瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)國際貿易公約》（CITES）附錄II的(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，即平(ping)胸龜(gui)(gui)、眼鏡蛇和(he)(he)眼鏡王(wang)蛇，它(ta)們屬于典型的(de)熱帶成分，該(gai)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)該(gai)類群分布的(de)最北限，在生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)地理上具(ju)有特(te)別重要的(de)意義。?
魚類
云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)魚(yu)類(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)在金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)魚(yu)類(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中具有(you)典型的(de)代表(biao)地(di)(di)位。截(jie)至2016年，金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)共(gong)記載土著魚(yu)類(lei)86種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬(shu)6目(mu)11科57屬(shu)。保護區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)流(liu)域(yu)共(gong)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)47種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別隸屬(shu)于(yu)3目(mu)9科39屬(shu)，而保護區(qu)(qu)僅(jin)屬(shu)金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下游江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段的(de)支(zhi)流(liu)小(xiao)部分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，并不包(bao)括昭通水(shui)富(fu)、綏江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等縣(xian)干(gan)流(liu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，但物種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)卻占金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)整個流(liu)域(yu)總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)54.6%。可見，保護區(qu)(qu)的(de)魚(yu)類(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)雖由(you)支(zhi)流(liu)組(zu)成，但種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)豐富(fu)，區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)復雜(za)，是云南金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)魚(yu)類(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中具有(you)代表(biao)性的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。?
昆蟲
截(jie)至(zhi)2016年(nian)，云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區(qu)共記載昆蟲(chong)綱9目71科(ke)(ke)(ke)302屬(shu)(shu)(shu)423種(zhong)(zhong)。其中記載直翅(chi)(chi)目3科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)10種(zhong)(zhong)，半翅(chi)(chi)目6科(ke)(ke)(ke)26屬(shu)(shu)(shu)30種(zhong)(zhong)，同翅(chi)(chi)目5科(ke)(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)，脈翅(chi)(chi)目1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)，鞘翅(chi)(chi)目17科(ke)(ke)(ke)68屬(shu)(shu)(shu)82種(zhong)(zhong)，鱗翅(chi)(chi)目32科(ke)(ke)(ke)181屬(shu)(shu)(shu)242種(zhong)(zhong)，雙翅(chi)(chi)目1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，膜翅(chi)(chi)目6科(ke)(ke)(ke)30屬(shu)(shu)(shu)45種(zhong)(zhong)。?
云南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區的自然環(huan)境條件和植(zhi)被(bei)地理特點(dian)獨具一格，植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)可以(yi)劃分為4個(ge)植(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)、5個(ge)植(zhi)被(bei)亞型(xing)、18個(ge)群(qun)系(xi)和44個(ge)群(qun)叢，主要(yao)森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)為濕性常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)(lin)，以(yi)峨眉栲(kao)林(lin)(lin)、硬斗石櫟林(lin)(lin)、華木(mu)荷林(lin)(lin)、四川新木(mu)姜(jiang)子林(lin)(lin)等(deng)4個(ge)群(qun)系(xi)為主。?
截至2016年，云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共記(ji)載野生維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)179科(ke)(ke)(ke)，756屬，2174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括28亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，153變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。其中，蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)33科(ke)(ke)(ke)，91屬，242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括2亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)，3變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)，5屬，6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括1變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)142科(ke)(ke)(ke)，660屬，1926種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括26亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，149變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)(ke)(ke)，665屬，1932種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括26亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，150變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。 保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)146科(ke)(ke)(ke)可(ke)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)9個(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)11個(ge)變(bian)(bian)型(xing)(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)出該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)在科(ke)(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)平上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)較(jiao)為(wei)復雜，聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)較(jiao)為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛(fan)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)653屬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)15個(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)17個(ge)變(bian)(bian)型(xing)(xing)，基本(ben)涵蓋了(le)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)了(le)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)在屬級(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)平上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性，以及(ji)同世界(jie)其它地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛(fan)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)平上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛(fan)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布著(zhu)1911種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，可(ke)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)14個(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)20個(ge)變(bian)(bian)型(xing)(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)出該保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)在地(di)(di)(di)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛(fan)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、東(dong)亞(ya)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)熱(re)帶亞(ya)洲成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是構(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，反映了(le)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)既有(you)(you)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛(fan)性又有(you)(you)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)顯(xian)特(te)征。 在保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內眾多(duo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中，珍稀瀕危(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)極具特(te)色，按1999年國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院頒布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名錄（第一批）》統計，有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)珙桐、南(nan)方紅豆杉、福建(jian)柏(bo)、連香(xiang)樹(shu)、香(xiang)果樹(shu)、十齒(chi)花、水(shui)(shui)青樹(shu)、金毛(mao)狗、中華桫(suo)欏(luo)、粗齒(chi)桫(suo)欏(luo)、小(xiao)黑桫(suo)欏(luo)、桫(suo)欏(luo)、禿葉黃檗、金蕎麥和(he)(he)異穎草等15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)級(ji)(ji)別劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，屬于國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬于國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。云南(nan)省級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被IUCN紅色名錄收錄保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)等級(ji)(ji)在易危(wei)（VU）以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被CITES收錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
三江(jiang)口(kou)片區(qu)是(shi)昭通市天然(ran)林(lin)保存最好的(de)一(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)，也是(shi)全省乃至全國范圍內(nei)珙桐、筇(qiong)竹最集中連片分布(bu)的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)。保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)現(xian)有國家Ⅰ級保護(hu)植物珙桐、南(nan)方(fang)紅豆杉(shan)，國家II級保護(hu)植物連香樹、福建柏、水青樹、十齒(chi)花、水青樹等，其他具有重要經濟(ji)及觀賞價值的(de)動植物若干。
朝天(tian)馬(ma)片(pian)區(qu)內的(de)(de)森林類(lei)型按照優勢種(zhong)(zhong)和結構大體分(fen)(fen)為：珙桐—水青(qing)樹林、十齒花—五加(jia)林、樺—木荷—栲(kao)類(lei)林、散(san)生小(xiao)徑竹林。在(zai)已公布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)國家第(di)一、二批1032種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀瀕危保護植(zhi)物中，朝天(tian)馬(ma)片(pian)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)有29種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)云南(nan)省(sheng)1989年公布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)215種(zhong)(zhong)省(sheng)級重點保護野生植(zhi)物中，朝天(tian)馬(ma)片(pian)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)有5種(zhong)(zhong)。
海子坪片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)以保護(hu)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)、羅漢(han)竹(zhu)(zhu)等常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)為主要(yao)對象的(de)森林(lin)(lin)生態(tai)系統(tong)類型自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。該片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)有國家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)植物(wu)2種(zhong)，II級(ji)保護(hu)植物(wu)3種(zhong)（具憑證(zheng)標本的(de)）。在海子坪片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)天(tian)然分(fen)布(bu)的(de)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)面積超(chao)過(guo)200公(gong)頃，是(shi)目前國內(nei)保護(hu)好、古老的(de)原始毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)，也是(shi)我國毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)西部邊緣地(di)(di)帶，這對研究(jiu)野(ye)生毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)的(de)遺傳多(duo)樣性(xing)及分(fen)布(bu)規律有重要(yao)價值。該片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)還(huan)是(shi)我國野(ye)生天(tian)麻(ma)的(de)原產地(di)(di)之一，是(shi)小草(cao)壩野(ye)生天(tian)麻(ma)原產地(di)(di)的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen)。?
2014年(nian)12月(yue)25日，昭(zhao)通市機構編制委員會批準成(cheng)立云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)管理局，為昭(zhao)通市林業局下屬(shu)相當于正科(ke)(ke)級(ji)財(cai)政(zheng)全額預算事業單位，核定事業編制15名、科(ke)(ke)級(ji)領導職數3名（1正2副）。
2015年12月(yue)1日(ri)，云(yun)南(nan)省機構編制委員會批準(zhun)設立云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙山國家級(ji)(ji)自然保護區管護局，為昭通市林業局下(xia)屬正(zheng)處(chu)級(ji)(ji)事(shi)業單位，核定事(shi)業編制62名，其中：局長(chang)1名（正(zheng)處(chu)級(ji)(ji)），副(fu)局長(chang)3名（副(fu)處(chu)級(ji)(ji)）。?
2016年9月7日(ri)，云南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區(qu)管護局開展集(ji)中整治(zhi)破(po)壞森林資(zi)源違法行(xing)為專項行(xing)動。?
2014年(nian)，為(wei)準確評價天然氣輸送管道工程(cheng)建設(she)對烏蒙山國家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性造成的影響程(cheng)度及其可控性，全(quan)面調查(cha)評價區(qu)(qu)域的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性現狀，并(bing)重點闡述了建設(she)項目對評價區(qu)(qu)景觀（生(sheng)態系(xi)統）、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)群落（棲息地）、物(wu)(wu)種（種群）、主要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)對象和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)的影響評價。?
扎(zha)西(xi)會(hui)議(yi)紀念館位(wei)于云(yun)(yun)南威信(xin)縣仔細鎮北，由扎(zha)西(xi)會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址、陳列(lie)館、紅軍烈士紀念碑三個部分組成，占地3824平方米。是云(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)重點文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。1985年，中共中央書(shu)記胡耀邦視察昭通時(shi)題寫(xie)“扎(zha)西(xi)會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址”。
黃(huang)連河(he)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)群，位于(yu)大關(guan)縣城東南側5公里，緊鄰213國(guo)道，面積42平方公里，有(you)“中(zhong)國(guo)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)之鄉”之稱。5平方公里的(de)主(zhu)游覽區內(nei)就有(you)大小瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)40余個，山有(you)水(shui)(shui)之源，水(shui)(shui)有(you)山之靈(ling)，山中(zhong)有(you)水(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)在山中(zhong)，大關(guan)黃(huang)連河(he)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)群有(you)著險峻挺拔的(de)山，清秀靈(ling)逸(yi)的(de)水(shui)(shui)，山水(shui)(shui)交融相得益彰(zhang)描繪了一幅美侖美奐(huan)的(de)山水(shui)(shui)畫。此(ci)外還(huan)有(you)地(di)下溶洞、奇峰峭壁、密林山花、古剎(cha)名勝、苗(miao)族風情等景觀，集山、水(shui)(shui)、林、洞融為一體，以(yi)峻、秀、奇、幽蔚為大觀，是開展旅游觀光、休(xiu)閑娛樂、度(du)假療(liao)養的(de)旅游勝地(di)。?
海(hai)子坪是1984年(nian)省(sheng)人民政府批準建立的(de)以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)天然毛竹(zhu)(zhu)林、水竹(zhu)(zhu)林、羅漢竹(zhu)(zhu)林、小熊貓等(deng)(deng)野生(sheng)動(dong)植物、天麻生(sheng)境等(deng)(deng)為主的(de)省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區，位于彝良縣東北部洛旺鄉(xiang)中(zhong)廠村，地(di)處(chu)滇、川(chuan)(chuan)邊界(jie)，與四川(chuan)(chuan)筠(yun)連、昭通市鎮雄縣、威信縣接壤，距彝良縣城(cheng)160公里，海(hai)拔1239—1709米(mi)之間(jian)，活立木總蓄(xu)積量11.50萬立方米(mi) [13] ?，面積達4.5萬畝 [14] ?。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有國家一級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)樹珙桐，古老工藝竹(zhu)(zhu)種羅漢竹(zhu)(zhu)和世界(jie)馳名的(de)觀賞(shang)竹(zhu)(zhu)種方竹(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)。其中(zhong)：毛竹(zhu)(zhu)0.7萬畝，21.44萬株，最(zui)高達15米(mi)，胸徑(jing)14～18厘米(mi)；水竹(zhu)(zhu)1.05萬畝。有國家一級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物娃(wa)娃(wa)雞(ji)、紅腹(fu)錦雞(ji)、白腹(fu)錦雞(ji)、白鷴錦雞(ji)、大鯢魚(yu)（娃(wa)娃(wa)魚(yu)）；國家二級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物小熊貓；國家三級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物黑熊、野牛等(deng)(deng)。
云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家級自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)由于獨特的(de)自然(ran)(ran)地(di)理和(he)(he)氣候條(tiao)件，使得(de)區(qu)內生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)極為豐富，區(qu)內的(de)亞熱帶山(shan)地(di)濕性(xing)(xing)常綠闊葉林極具典(dian)型性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)代表(biao)性(xing)(xing)，也是同緯度的(de)華中華東地(di)區(qu)天然(ran)(ran)植(zhi)被(bei)的(de)代表(biao)，是真(zhen)正的(de)高山(shan)水塔(ta)，保護好這一地(di)區(qu)典(dian)型的(de)天然(ran)(ran)森(sen)林生(sheng)態系統和(he)(he)天然(ran)(ran)的(de)物種基因(yin)庫意義十分重大(da)。?
云南烏蒙山(shan)(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區的(de)(de)建立，為滇(dian)東北、川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)南山(shan)(shan)地特有種、中(zhong)國重點保護鳥類(lei)、國際珍稀瀕危物種 —— 四(si)川(chuan)山(shan)(shan)鷓鴣、白鷴峨眉亞(ya)種、黑頸(jing)鶴、黑鸛等種類(lei)及其(qi)對(dui)西(xi)(xi)南山(shan)(shan)地亞(ya)區、川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)南滇(dian)東北山(shan)(shan)地小區的(de)(de)區系(xi)成分，提供了良好(hao)的(de)(de)棲息(xi)地保護，并對(dui)長江上游水源林保護具有特殊意義。
青青子衿 
