2002年(nian)8月(yue)26日,成立(li)青木川馬家山自然保護區。
2004年來自中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)動物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)、中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)、中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)、西(xi)華師范(fan)大學(xue)、中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)原生物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)、北(bei)(bei)京(jing)師范(fan)大學(xue)、東北(bei)(bei)師范(fan)大學(xue)的(de)專家學(xue)者及(ji)相(xiang)關科(ke)研人(ren)員在陜西(xi)省青木川自然保護區開展了生物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性考(kao)察(cha)。
2007年4月申報為國家級(ji)自然保護區,更名為青木川自然保護區,并通過(guo)了初審。
2009年9月18日批準(zhun)為(wei)“青木(mu)川(chuan)國(guo)家級自然保護區”。
青木(mu)(mu)川(chuan)(chuan)國家(jia)級自然保護區,地處(chu)四川(chuan)(chuan)、陜西、甘(gan)肅三省交界(jie)處(chu)的秦嶺(ling)與(yu)(yu)岷山交匯(hui)地帶,位于寧強(qiang)縣西部邊陲(chui)的青木(mu)(mu)川(chuan)(chuan)鎮境內。北與(yu)(yu)甘(gan)肅武都、康(kang)縣接壤(rang),西與(yu)(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)省青川(chuan)(chuan)縣毗(pi)鄰,南至青木(mu)(mu)川(chuan)(chuan)鎮南壩村,東至廣坪河(he),介于東徑(jing)105°28′~105°40′,北緯32°50′~32°56′之間。
青木川(chuan)國家級(ji)自然保護區地(di)處秦嶺山地(di)槽褶(zhe)皺(zhou)帶南緣,為絹云母綠泥石(shi)鈣石(shi)英(ying)片巖(yan),構造(zao)運動(dong)和巖(yan)漿(jiang)活動(dong)比(bi)較強烈,褶(zhe)皺(zhou)緊(jin)密,巖(yan)層變質,斷層及次級(ji)構造(zao)充分發育(yu),褶(zhe)皺(zhou)以復式批向(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)為主,走向(xiang)(xiang)呈北東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang),主要斷層以北東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)為主。
青(qing)木川(chuan)國家(jia)級自然保護區屬(shu)秦嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)地(di),主體(ti)是大致(zhi)東西(xi)走向的秦嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)地(di)槽褶皺帶,山(shan)(shan)地(di)大部分是海拔(ba)(ba)1000~1800米的變(bian)質雜巖山(shan)(shan)嶺(ling),西(xi)北邊界的主要峰嶺(ling)毛家(jia)梁、錯歡(huan)喜、鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)、馬(ma)馬(ma)石等均為(wei)海拔(ba)(ba)1700~2000米以(yi)上,區內高海拔(ba)(ba)鳳凰(huang)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)2054米。
科考研究(jiu)結果表明(ming),青木川國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區內土(tu)壤主(zhu)要為普通黃棕壤和水稻土(tu)。
黃棕壤
青木川(chuan)國家級自然保護區(qu)內(nei)的(de)黃棕(zong)壤(rang)屬(shu)普通黃棕(zong)壤(rang),分布于海拔900~1950米的(de)山(shan)坡。地(di)表土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要分三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其中土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)表層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(A層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng))為(wei)灰棕(zong)色,其厚度受地(di)形、植被覆蓋度的(de)影響而(er)變化較(jiao)大。淀(dian)積層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(B層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng))基本為(wei)黃棕(zong)色。母質(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(C層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng))一般多為(wei)與母巖性質(zhi)相似的(de)半風化碎屑物質(zhi)。
水稻土
水稻土(tu)是經過長(chang)期栽(zai)培水稻,土(tu)壤在(zai)淹水條件(jian)下發育而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)一(yi)種特殊的(de)土(tu)壤。保護(hu)區的(de)水稻土(tu)是在(zai)黃棕壤基(ji)礎上經過人工(gong)水耕熟(shu)化(hua)而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)銹斑黃泥田土(tu),主要分(fen)布在(zai)長(chang)沙壩(ba)和青木川(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)帶的(de)山間谷地平川(chuan)(chuan)。
水系分布
青(qing)木(mu)川國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區的水(shui)系呈(cheng)平行分(fen)布,主(zhu)要有金溪(xi)河(he)的支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中梁溝(gou)(gou)河(he)、平溝(gou)(gou)河(he)、黃河(he)溝(gou)(gou)、屠家河(he)和廣坪河(he)的支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后溝(gou)(gou)河(he)。金溪(xi)河(he)發源于區內(nei)(nei)的中梁埡,向南流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)至金山寺鄉并在姚灣流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入嘉陵江,區內(nei)(nei)長度18km,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積90k㎡,落差為(wei)1147m,全部為(wei)區內(nei)(nei)集水(shui)。后溝(gou)(gou)河(he)在保(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)(nei)長度約3km,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積12km2。青(qing)木(mu)川保(bao)護(hu)區境內(nei)(nei)的河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)沒(mei)有出(chu)現(xian)過季節(jie)性(xing)斷流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)現(xian)象(xiang)。
水質
通過在(zai)該(gai)區進行抽樣化驗(yan)顯(xian)示:水的(de)化學性(xing)質屬(shu)(shu)重碳(tan)酸鹽(yan)型鈣組Ⅰ、Ⅱ型。pH值在(zai)5.9~7.3之(zhi)間(jian),屬(shu)(shu)中性(xing)水。硬度平均為(wei)41.3毫克/升,為(wei)軟(ruan)水。通過對(dui)水的(de)化學成分(fen)化驗(yan),耗氧(yang)量(liang)、氮、氨等有機質和(he)酚(fen)、氰、砷、汞、氟、鉻(ge)等六項化驗(yan)均達(da)到一級。
水土流失
由于青木川國家級自然(ran)保護區花崗巖、片麻巖等(deng)古老巖石(shi)分(fen)布較大(da),表層風化、土質松散,基巖透水(shui)性弱,容易發生土石(shi)滑坡和(he)水(shui)土流失(shi)(shi)。保護區水(shui)土流失(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要集(ji)中在靠近(jin)南部地區的(de)低山,但水(shui)土流失(shi)(shi)并(bing)不嚴重。
青(qing)木(mu)川國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)所在的寧強(qiang)縣屬(shu)北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),具顯著(zhu)的山地(di)森(sen)林小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征,全年氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫涼潮濕,春(chun)季雨量較少,夏(xia)秋(qiu)(qiu)多(duo)(duo)雨,冬(dong)季多(duo)(duo)雪。當地(di)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)還(huan)具有冬(dong)長夏(xia)短、春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)相連的特點,海拔越高(gao),此現象越明(ming)顯。
青木川(chuan)國家級自然保(bao)護區南北寬15.5公(gong)里,東西(xi)長28公(gong)里,總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)10200公(gong)頃(qing),其中(zhong)核心區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)4058.29公(gong)頃(qing),緩沖區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2634.59公(gong)頃(qing),實驗區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)3507.12公(gong)頃(qing)。
陜西(xi)青木川國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區總體保護(hu)目標為:對陜西(xi)青木川國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區的(de)(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)、金絲猴、羚牛(niu)及(ji)珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)等(deng)野(ye)生動植(zhi)物(wu)及(ji)其(qi)棲息地(di)、自(zi)然(ran)景觀(guan)等(deng)進行保護(hu),增強(qiang)陜西(xi)青木川國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區的(de)(de)保護(hu)、科(ke)研監測(ce)和(he)宣教(jiao)能力,增強(qiang)資源保護(hu)意識,促(cu)進大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)生態保護(hu)網絡。
具體規劃設計(ji)目標(biao)包括:
珍稀瀕危動(dong)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的典(dian)范(fan)—構建綜合的動(dong)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)管理體系,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)陜(shan)西青木川國家級(ji)生(sheng)態系統;
生(sheng)(sheng)態修(xiu)復(fu)的示范(fan)—恢復(fu)保護區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)態景觀,重(zhong)現青木川保護區(qu)原生(sheng)(sheng)態;
科普(pu)教育的(de)(de)基地(di)(di)—體驗(yan)自然的(de)(de)捷徑、生態科普(pu)的(de)(de)家園,打造自然保護、科普(pu)宣(xuan)教基地(di)(di)。
青木川國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)內已知有維管(guan)束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1598種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)173科732屬(shu)(shu)(shu)。其中蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)27科55屬(shu)(shu)(shu)131種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)6科16屬(shu)(shu)(shu)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)140科661屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1439種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系(xi)的(de)基本組成(cheng)看(kan),這些植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)中包含了各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布類(lei)型來源(yuan)和(he)(he)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen),有溫(wen)帶屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)熱帶屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),古(gu)老的(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)年(nian)輕的(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),僅分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)(yu)秦巴山地的(de)狹域屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)中國(guo)廣布的(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),和(he)(he)中國(guo)特有分(fen)(fen)布的(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。地理成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的(de)復(fu)雜(za)多樣(yang),極大地豐富了青木川自然保(bao)護區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)特種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性(xing),也(ye)就蘊藏了十分(fen)(fen)豐富和(he)(he)寶(bao)貴的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)。
青木川自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的陸生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系具有(you)(you)暖溫帶向(xiang)亞熱(re)帶過渡(du)的區(qu)系特征(zheng),動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)以東洋界種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占優勢,古北界種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)明顯減(jian)少(shao),顯示出遷移的地帶區(qu)系特征(zheng),是岷山向(xiang)秦(qin)嶺過渡(du)的涼亞熱(re)帶型自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu),據綜合科(ke)學考察表明,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)共有(you)(you)兩棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)2目(mu)(mu)8科(ke)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2目(mu)(mu)9科(ke)15屬18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)I級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong); 爬行動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)2目(mu)(mu)9科(ke)15屬19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)13目(mu)(mu),35科(ke)(亞科(ke)),134 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),其中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)7目(mu)(mu)26科(ke)56屬70種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。尤以大熊貓(mao)、金(jin)絲猴、羚牛、獼猴為(wei)代表的珍稀物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成為(wei)該(gai)區(qu)域的指示性物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
根據陜西(xi)青木(mu)川國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)實(shi)際,邀請專(zhuan)家多次實(shi)地調研(yan),提(ti)出了(le)建(jian)設“明(ming)星(xing)大鎮(zhen)(zhen)、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)重鎮(zhen)(zhen)、文(wen)化名鎮(zhen)(zhen)”和“傳奇古鎮(zhen)(zhen)、羌人故(gu)里(li)、休閑天堂”的旅(lv)(lv)游(you)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)定位,編(bian)制(zhi)了(le)《青木(mu)川城鎮(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)設總(zong)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》、《青木(mu)川旅(lv)(lv)游(you)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》、《青木(mu)川鎮(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)項(xiang)目(mu)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)性詳細規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》、《青木(mu)川文(wen)化旅(lv)(lv)游(you)古鎮(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)設規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》、《金溪新(xin)區(qu)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》、《青木(mu)川“一河(he)兩岸”規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》和《青木(mu)川影視文(wen)化基地總(zong)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)》等,城鎮(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積由(you)0.5平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)擴大到了(le)3.6平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。在規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)編(bian)制(zhi)和修(xiu)(xiu)編(bian)過(guo)程中,積極從功能定位、空間(jian)布(bu)局、產(chan)業結構、生產(chan)要素(su)和地方(fang)優(you)勢等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)總(zong)體(ti)考(kao)慮,對全(quan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)資(zi)源類型(xing)、區(qu)域劃(hua)(hua)(hua)分、功能定位、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目(mu)標、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)線(xian)路等作了(le)分析和規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua),為(wei)古鎮(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)業健康、持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)供了(le)客觀的指導依據。
陜西青木川國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)按照修(xiu)舊如舊的(de)原則(ze),恢復(fu)了(le)回(hui)(hui)龍(long)場(chang)(chang)老(lao)街、魏氏宅(zhai)院、煙館、旱船(chuan)房(fang)、輔(fu)仁劇社、關帝(di)廟、輔(fu)仁中學(xue)等(deng)寶貴的(de)明(ming)清古(gu)建(jian)筑,建(jian)成了(le)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)入口(kou)牌樓、金(jin)溪河(he)(he)親(qin)水景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)、回(hui)(hui)龍(long)寺等(deng)景(jing)(jing)點,實(shi)施了(le)金(jin)溪大道(dao)綜合配(pei)套工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、南壩段(duan)綜合配(pei)套及青石板(ban)鋪設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、回(hui)(hui)龍(long)場(chang)(chang)老(lao)街管(guan)線地埋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、回(hui)(hui)龍(long)橋工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、古(gu)鎮河(he)(he)堤防護工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、生態停車場(chang)(chang)及星(xing)級廁所建(jian)設等(deng),完成了(le)新街162戶房(fang)屋仿古(gu)改造工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、集(ji)鎮路網改造、濱河(he)(he)路綜合改造及景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)綠化工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),高標準建(jian)成了(le)金(jin)溪新區(qu)(qu),規(gui)劃了(le)“一河(he)(he)兩(liang)岸(an)”工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。
青木川國家級自然保護區主要游覽景點:
古棧道遺(yi)跡,金溪(xi)河,回龍場,魏氏宅院,唐世盛.輔(fu)友社(洋房子),榮盛魁(旱船房),風雨橋(飛鳳橋),輔(fu)仁中學,徐(xu)家茶館舊址聽(ting)徐(xu)種德(de)老人講述魏輔(fu)堂(tang)及青(qing)木川王國的興衰,陜西青(qing)木川自然(ran)保護區,西溝棧道遺(yi)址,羌人墓(mu)穴(xue)——古山,將軍石,玉泉(quan)壩的石梯(ti)、石門。
青木川國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)往北走10公里可到馬家(jia)山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu),往西走210公里可到九(jiu)寨溝。
陜(shan)西(xi)青木川國家級(ji)(ji)自然保護(hu)區的管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)機構為陜(shan)西(xi)青木川國家級(ji)(ji)自然保護(hu)區管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju),行政(zheng)上隸屬于陜(shan)西(xi)省寧強縣人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)實行三(san)級(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),即管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)-保護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)站-保護(hu)點三(san)級(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系。管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)內設辦(ban)公室、計劃財務科(ke)(ke)、保護(hu)科(ke)(ke)、科(ke)(ke)教科(ke)(ke)、多種經營和社區事務科(ke)(ke)5個職(zhi)能科(ke)(ke)(室),下轄青木川和玉泉(quan)壩2個保護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)站以及(ji)長沙壩、墳林(lin)壩、沙錐梁(liang)、麻地溝4個保護(hu)點。
陜西青(qing)木川國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區的(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)、金(jin)絲猴、羚牛及(ji)珍稀植物等野生動植物及(ji)其棲息地、自然(ran)景(jing)觀等。
貫(guan)徹執行(xing)有關政策、法規(gui)
編制保(bao)護區管(guan)理計劃(hua)
加(jia)強保護管理機構能力建設
建立(li)健全規(gui)章制度
加強聯防聯管
完善基礎設施建設
建立資源保護網絡體系
分區施策