陜西蒲(pu)城鹵陽(yang)湖(hu)國家濕地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)是2008年12月經(jing)國家林(lin)業局批準(zhun)試點的(de)渭南(nan)市第(di)一個(ge)(ge)國家濕地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan),北(bei)距蒲(pu)城縣(xian)城15公(gong)里(li),南(nan)距西安78公(gong)里(li)。是一個(ge)(ge)天然(ran)內(nei)陸型湖(hu)泊濕地(di)(di)(di),東(dong)西長30公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)1.5-7公(gong)里(li),海拔372-400米,總(zong)面積1470公(gong)頃。公(gong)園(yuan)包括濕地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、濕地(di)(di)(di)科普教(jiao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、濕地(di)(di)(di)管理服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)、濕地(di)(di)(di)新(xin)家園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和濕地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態旅游(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)五個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域。其中(zhong)濕地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態旅游(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)具有豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)人(ren)文與自然(ran)環境資源,楊爵(jue)拜(bai)水(shui)、板橋(qiao)古渡(du)、關中(zhong)道情、宣帝(di)游(you)獵、笑紋石等(deng)遺址(zhi)軼事(shi)彰(zhang)顯著鹵陽(yang)湖(hu)深厚的(de)歷史(shi)文化底蘊;濕地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)天一色、波光蕩漾(yang)、蘆葦(wei)搖(yao)曳(ye),生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性特色鮮明,是各(ge)種珍(zhen)稀生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)棲息(xi)、繁(fan)衍的(de)理想區(qu)(qu)(qu)域,是八百里(li)秦川(chuan)難得的(de)一處水(shui)鄉(xiang)澤國。
鹵陽湖國家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園的建(jian)立是(shi)蒲城(cheng)縣委、縣政府構建(jian)“渭北明珠”、“綠色蒲城(cheng)”和“生(sheng)態(tai)和諧蒲城(cheng)”的重(zhong)要組成部分,也(ye)是(shi)實現“生(sheng)態(tai)立縣、工業(ye)強縣”的重(zhong)大舉措。蒲城(cheng)的鹵陽湖國家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園,每年都(dou)會有大量(liang)的候鳥(niao)在此棲息。
鹵(lu)(lu)陽湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)屬天(tian)然(ran)兼(jian)人工型內(nei)陸(lu)湖(hu)(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di),總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)1470 hm2,涉及蒲城縣陳莊、黨睦、原任、荊姚共4個鄉鎮26個行政(zheng)村。整(zheng)個灘區分為(wei)(wei)(wei)東西(xi)兩灘,東灘為(wei)(wei)(wei)“內(nei)府灘”,西(xi)灘為(wei)(wei)(wei)“鹵(lu)(lu)泊灘”,統稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“鹵(lu)(lu)泊灘”。 其中天(tian)然(ran)濕(shi)地(di)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)域(yu)、沼澤地(di)2種,總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)900公(gong)頃,占濕(shi)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)的(de)61.2%;人工濕(shi)地(di)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)曬鹽堿及撈硝池、排(pai)鹽堿渠和(he)濕(shi)地(di)農田3種,總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)570公(gong)頃,占濕(shi)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)的(de)38.8%。
保(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)植物26科35屬36種(zhong),主要(yao)喬灌樹種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)旱柳、杠柳、枸樹、苦楝等(deng);主要(yao)草(cao)本(ben)植物有(you)(you)(you)蘆葦、堿蓬、蒿類(lei)(lei)等(deng)。有(you)(you)(you)野生動(dong)物5綱22目47科87種(zhong)。其中鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)中有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家一級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物黑鸛(guan)、大鴇,國(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物大天鵝、灰鶴、紅隼、長耳(er)鸮(xiao)等(deng)8種(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)省重點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)蒼鷺(lu)、赤麻鴨、綠頭(tou)鴨等(deng)8種(zhong);獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)黃鼬、刺猬等(deng);水生動(dong)物有(you)(you)(you)草(cao)魚、白鰱、鯉魚、螃蟹(xie)等(deng);兩棲(qi)爬行類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)蟾蜍、青蛙、蜥蜴、蛇類(lei)(lei)等(deng)。