陜西蒲(pu)城鹵陽(yang)湖國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)是2008年12月經國家(jia)林業(ye)局批(pi)準試點(dian)的(de)渭南市第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan),北(bei)距(ju)蒲(pu)城縣(xian)城15公(gong)里,南距(ju)西安78公(gong)里。是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)天(tian)然(ran)內(nei)陸型湖泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di),東(dong)西長(chang)30公(gong)里,南北(bei)寬1.5-7公(gong)里,海拔372-400米(mi),總面(mian)積(ji)1470公(gong)頃。公(gong)園(yuan)包括濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)科(ke)普教育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)管理(li)服務區(qu)(qu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)新家(jia)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生態旅游區(qu)(qu)五(wu)個(ge)區(qu)(qu)域。其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生態旅游區(qu)(qu)具(ju)有豐富的(de)人文與自(zi)然(ran)環境資源,楊爵拜水、板橋古(gu)渡、關(guan)中道情、宣(xuan)帝游獵(lie)、笑紋(wen)石等遺址軼事彰(zhang)顯(xian)著鹵陽(yang)湖深厚的(de)歷史文化(hua)底蘊;濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)水天(tian)一(yi)(yi)色(se)、波光蕩漾(yang)、蘆葦搖(yao)曳(ye),生物(wu)多樣性特色(se)鮮明(ming),是各種珍(zhen)稀(xi)生物(wu)棲息、繁衍的(de)理(li)想區(qu)(qu)域,是八百里秦川難得的(de)一(yi)(yi)處水鄉澤國。
鹵陽(yang)湖國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園的(de)建(jian)立是蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)城(cheng)縣委、縣政府(fu)構建(jian)“渭北明珠”、“綠(lv)色蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)城(cheng)”和“生(sheng)態和諧蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)城(cheng)”的(de)重要組成部分,也是實現“生(sheng)態立縣、工業強縣”的(de)重大(da)舉措。蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)城(cheng)的(de)鹵陽(yang)湖國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園,每年都(dou)會有大(da)量的(de)候(hou)鳥(niao)在此棲息(xi)。
鹵(lu)陽湖濕(shi)地(di)(di)屬天(tian)然兼人工(gong)型內陸湖泊濕(shi)地(di)(di),總(zong)(zong)面積1470 hm2,涉(she)及蒲城縣陳莊、黨睦(mu)、原任、荊(jing)姚(yao)共(gong)4個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮26個(ge)(ge)行政村(cun)。整個(ge)(ge)灘(tan)(tan)區分為(wei)東(dong)西兩灘(tan)(tan),東(dong)灘(tan)(tan)為(wei)“內府灘(tan)(tan)”,西灘(tan)(tan)為(wei)“鹵(lu)泊灘(tan)(tan)”,統稱為(wei)“鹵(lu)泊灘(tan)(tan)”。 其(qi)中天(tian)然濕(shi)地(di)(di)主要為(wei)水域(yu)、沼澤地(di)(di)2種(zhong),總(zong)(zong)面積為(wei)900公頃(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面積的(de)(de)61.2%;人工(gong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)主要為(wei)曬鹽堿(jian)(jian)及撈(lao)硝池、排鹽堿(jian)(jian)渠和濕(shi)地(di)(di)農(nong)田3種(zhong),總(zong)(zong)面積為(wei)570公頃(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面積的(de)(de)38.8%。
保(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)有(you)(you)植物(wu)(wu)26科35屬36種,主要喬灌樹(shu)種有(you)(you)旱(han)柳、杠柳、枸樹(shu)、苦楝(lian)等(deng);主要草(cao)本植物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)蘆葦、堿蓬、蒿(hao)類(lei)(lei)等(deng)。有(you)(you)野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)5綱22目47科87種。其中鳥類(lei)(lei)中有(you)(you)國(guo)家一級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)黑(hei)鸛、大鴇,國(guo)家二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)大天(tian)鵝、灰鶴(he)、紅隼、長耳(er)鸮等(deng)8種,有(you)(you)省重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)蒼鷺、赤麻鴨、綠頭鴨等(deng)8種;獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)黃鼬、刺猬等(deng);水生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)草(cao)魚(yu)、白鰱(lian)、鯉魚(yu)、螃(pang)蟹(xie)等(deng);兩棲爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)蟾蜍、青(qing)蛙、蜥蜴、蛇類(lei)(lei)等(deng)。