古日(ri)格(ge)斯(si)臺國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保護區成立(li)于1998年。1999年晉升為盟級自(zi)然保護區。
2001年12月,晉升為自治區(qu)級保(bao)護區(qu),2008年5月,被評為盟級環(huan)境教育(yu)基地。
2012年1月,經國務院辦公廳審定(ding)為國家級自(zi)然保護區,成(cheng)為錫林郭勒盟境內第一個森林生態系統類國家級自(zi)然保護區。
古日格斯臺國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)地處(chu)大興(xing)安嶺南(nan)部(bu)山地余(yu)脈的西麓,位(wei)于錫林郭勒盟西烏珠穆沁旗巴(ba)拉嘎爾高勒鎮(zhen)東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)55公里處(chu)。自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)的南(nan)部(bu)與赤峰市(shi)的塞(sai)罕烏拉國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)、烏拉壩(ba)---石(shi)鵬溝自治區(qu)(qu)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)相鄰,西、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)分別(bie)于西烏旗其他鄉鎮(zhen)為界。地理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經118°03′45″—118°48′36″,北(bei)(bei)緯44°18′21″—44°34′52″。
保護區內地貌以中山(shan)為(wei)主,連綿起伏(fu),有明顯的脈絡,坡度較陡(dou),高峰古日格(ge)斯(si)臺山(shan)海拔為(wei)1957米。
古日格斯臺自然保護區(qu)是大(da)興安嶺南(nan)部山地(di)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、完整森林(lin)(lin)、草原生態系統(tong),處于東亞闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)與大(da)興安嶺北部寒溫帶(dai)針葉林(lin)(lin)、草原與森林(lin)(lin)雙重交(jiao)匯過渡的典(dian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)帶(dai),是連接各大(da)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)系的紐帶(dai)和橋梁。自然保護區(qu)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)多樣,動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種豐富,被(bei)(bei)稱為“植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的王國,動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的樂園”。有(you)森林(lin)(lin)、沙地(di)-伏(fu)沙地(di)復合群落、灌叢、草原、草甸(dian)、濕地(di)6大(da)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類型(xing)(xing)(xing),包括了10個(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)亞型(xing)(xing)(xing)、47個(ge)(ge)群系組、80個(ge)(ge)群系。
保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)98931公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其中核(he)心區面(mian)(mian)積43919公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積44.4%;緩沖區面(mian)(mian)積15883公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積16.1%;實驗(yan)區面(mian)(mian)積39129公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積39.5%。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區內有林地(di)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)60078.7公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)60.7%;草(cao)原35091.8公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)35.5%;濕地(di)3760.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)3.8%。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象是大(da)興安嶺南部山地(di)北(bei)麓森林-草(cao)原生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統及其(qi)所(suo)包容(rong)的物種多(duo)樣(yang)性;保(bao)護(hu)(hu)烏(wu)珠穆沁盆地(di)國(guo)際重(zhong)要濕地(di)烏(wu)拉(la)蓋水系河源濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統;保(bao)護(hu)(hu)棲(qi)息于該生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統中的野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)馬鹿(東(dong)北(bei)亞種)、斑羚、青羊(yang)、野(ye)豬、猞猁等(deng)大(da)型野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物種群(qun);保(bao)護(hu)(hu)國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類大(da)鴇、黑(hei)鸛、金雕、丹頂鶴、黑(hei)琴雞、紅腳隼(sun)、黃(huang)腳隼(sun)、蒙古百靈、兀(wu)鷲、蓑羽鶴及其(qi)珍稀瀕危鳥類的繁(fan)殖地(di)。
截(jie)至2013年,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內有(you)(you)苔(tai)蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物22科(ke)75種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)型(xing)真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)植(zhi)(zhi)物16科(ke)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中可食用真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)蒙(meng)古(gu)口(kou)蘑、野蘑菇、金針(zhen)磨(mo)、木耳、毛(mao)木耳等(deng)(deng)30余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)用真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)大(da)馬(ma)勃、小馬(ma)勃、紫(zi)馬(ma)勃、靈芝等(deng)(deng)10余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);維管植(zhi)(zhi)物94科(ke)330屬654種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)野大(da)豆、草(cao)蓯蓉、沙(sha)蘆(lu)草(cao)、內蒙(meng)古(gu)大(da)麥草(cao)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)家二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)山(shan)丹、芍藥(yao)、龍(long)膽、沙(sha)參等(deng)(deng)內蒙(meng)古(gu)自治(zhi)區(qu)重點保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)甘(gan)草(cao)、秦(qin)艽、達烏里龍(long)膽、防風(feng)、黃(huang)芩、遠(yuan)志國(guo)家重點保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)藥(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)物6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)豬毛(mao)菜(cai)、蕨(jue)菜(cai)、黃(huang)花(hua)菜(cai)、山(shan)蔥(cong)、龍(long)須菜(cai)、野韭菜(cai)等(deng)(deng)野菜(cai)100余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
截至(zhi)2013年(nian),保(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)(you)(you)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)66科(ke)223種(zhong),其(qi)中鳥(niao)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)165種(zhong),獸類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)44種(zhong),爬行(xing)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong),兩棲類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)3種(zhong),魚類(lei)6種(zhong)。其(qi)中有(you)(you)(you)國家一級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)黑鶴、大鴇、金雕、丹(dan)頂鶴4種(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)國家二(er)級重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)黑琴雞(ji)、鴻雁、大天(tian)鵝、灰(hui)鶴、大雁、燕隼(sun)、青羊、馬鹿、雪兔、狼、草(cao)原(yuan)雕、猞猁等29種(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)《國家重點保(bao)護(hu)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)名錄(lu)》中記載(zai)的(de)33種(zhong),被列為(wei)《中國瀕(bin)危動(dong)物(wu)紅皮書(shu)》的(de)有(you)(you)(you)21種(zhong),被列為(wei)《世界受脅鳥(niao)類(lei)》的(de)有(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)。
保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有迪彥廟(miao)、半拉山(shan)、廟(miao)子溝(gou)、朝陽溝(gou)、海青壩、白樺林(lin)等(deng)多處旅(lv)游(you)景點和歷(li)史(shi)遺跡,而(er)半拉山(shan)、白樺林(lin)等(deng)景觀早已奠定(ding)了旅(lv)游(you)基礎。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)在發(fa)(fa)展旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)中注重(zhong)草(cao)原民(min)俗與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)風(feng)光相結合,生態文化基地建設(she)與(yu)科學研究結合,用(yong)獨特的(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)文化吸引盟內外人士,使保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)成為西烏(wu)旗旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)的(de)(de)品(pin)牌,帶動西烏(wu)旗旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。
烏珠(zhu)(zhu)穆(mu)沁(qin)盆地共有9條(tiao)河流,源(yuan)于保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的河流就有5條(tiao),涵(han)養著(zhu)烏珠(zhu)(zhu)穆(mu)沁(qin)盆地70%的河流,是烏珠(zhu)(zhu)穆(mu)人民的生(sheng)命(ming)線。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)也是錫林郭勒盟具(ju)備申報森林生(sheng)態類(lei)型保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)。
古(gu)日格(ge)斯臺自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)晉級成功對保(bao)護(hu)西烏旗(qi)以及周邊地區(qu)的(de)生態環境,保(bao)護(hu)珍(zhen)貴的(de)野生動植物資源,乃至維(wei)系錫林郭(guo)勒草原的(de)生態平(ping)衡都具(ju)有劃時代的(de)意義。