黑(hei)龍江(jiang)嶺(ling)峰國家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區始建于2002年,2006年被黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)政(zheng)府批準為省(sheng)級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。2017年7月經(jing)國務(wu)院批準晉升為國家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。
黑龍江嶺(ling)峰(feng)國(guo)(guo)家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)位于黑龍江省大興安(an)嶺(ling)地區(qu)漠河市境(jing)內(nei),大興安(an)嶺(ling)林(lin)業管理局(ju)阿木爾林(lin)業局(ju)施(shi)業區(qu)南部,地處(chu)祖國(guo)(guo)北部邊疆,大興安(an)嶺(ling)山脈北坡。地理坐標為東經(jing)122°41′30″~123°26′05″,北緯(wei)52°15′03″~52°31′00″。嶺(ling)峰(feng)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)總面積68,373公頃(qing)。是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)寒溫帶地帶北的一個野生(sheng)(sheng)動物類型(xing)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu),具有寒溫帶針葉(xie)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統的典(dian)型(xing)特征(zheng)和比較完整、豐富的物種資源。
黑龍江(jiang)嶺峰國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區位于黑龍江(jiang)大(da)興安嶺林(lin)業管理局阿木爾林(lin)業局南端,總(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)68,373公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其中核心區面積(ji)(ji)(ji)26,660公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),緩沖區面積(ji)(ji)(ji)22,307公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),實驗區面積(ji)(ji)(ji)19,406公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。
區(qu)內具(ju)備完好(hao)的(de)(de)原始寒溫帶針(zhen)葉林生境,沒有任何居(ju)民點(dian),核心區(qu)內從(cong)來未從(cong)事過(guo)大現模林業(ye)生產活(huo)動,也沒有任何嚴重(zhong)破壞生境的(de)(de)采礦業(ye),如采金等活(huo)動,人為干擾(rao)程度很小,除了一(yi)些(xie)防火通道(dao)及(ji)公路(lu)外(wai),幾乎全區(qu)均(jun)保(bao)存著原始的(de)(de)生態景觀(guan)。
該區(qu)常見(jian)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)約(yue)847種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列為國家保(bao)護(hu)有(you)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此外,寒溫帶森林的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)也(ye)為相應的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了棲息場所。本(ben)區(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)理分(fen)區(qu)屬古北界、東北亞界、東北區(qu)、大興安嶺(ling)亞區(qu),動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類與(yu)數(shu)量也(ye)很豐富(fu),據統計,陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)獸(shou)類41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)(niao)類171種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩爬類7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。被《瀕危野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易(yi)公約(yue)》附(fu)錄I附(fu)錄II收錄的(de)(de)(de)哺乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)哺乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)12.1%;鳥(niao)(niao)類有(you)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)14.61%。被列為國家級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong),獸(shou)類有(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)哺乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)16.7%,鳥(niao)(niao)類有(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)本(ben)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)18.1%。在(zai)高緯度地(di)區(qu),就生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性而言,具(ju)有(you)典型性和(he)代表性,對于科(ke)學研究和(he)環境(jing)效(xiao)應均(jun)有(you)極高價值。
區內具(ju)備完好的(de)原(yuan)始寒溫帶針葉林生境,沒有(you)(you)任何(he)居民點,核心區內從(cong)來未從(cong)事(shi)過大現(xian)模林業(ye)(ye)生產活(huo)動,也(ye)沒有(you)(you)任何(he)嚴重破壞生境的(de)采(cai)(cai)礦業(ye)(ye),如采(cai)(cai)金等(deng)活(huo)動,人為干擾程度很(hen)小(xiao),除了一些防火(huo)通道及公路外,幾乎(hu)全(quan)區均保存著原(yuan)始的(de)生態景觀。
保(bao)護區屬于森林生態(tai)系統類型自然保(bao)護區,具有(you)寒溫帶針(zhen)葉(xie)林生態(tai)系統的(de)典型特征和比較(jiao)完整、豐(feng)富的(de)物種資源。區內(nei)保(bao)存有(you)完好的(de)、面積較(jiao)大的(de)寒溫帶針(zhen)葉(xie)林。野生動(dong)植物資源十分豐(feng)富,區內(nei)分布(bu)有(you)植物847種,脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物249種,其中國(guo)家重點保(bao)護野生動(dong)植物共計46種。尤其是作(zuo)為寒溫帶針(zhen)葉(xie)林代表性(xing)動(dong)物的(de)貂熊、黑(hei)嘴松雞和駝鹿等的(de)種群密度都較(jiao)大,具有(you)極為重要的(de)科學(xue)研究價(jia)值和極高的(de)保(bao)護價(jia)值。