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保護區概況

黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)青(qing)白頭(tou)鶴(he)國家級自然保護(hu)區地處黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)東北(bei)部(bu)，小興安嶺主(zhu)脈(mo)東側北(bei)坡(po)，位于“中國白頭(tou)鶴(he)之鄉”黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)伊(yi)春市豐林縣（局）境內。保護(hu)區東北(bei)部(bu)與(yu)嘉蔭縣接壤，東南部(bu)與(yu)鶴(he)北(bei)林業(ye)局毗鄰，西北(bei)部(bu)是(shi)湯旺河林業(ye)局施業(ye)區，西南部(bu)、南部(bu)是(shi)新(xin)青(qing)林業(ye)局施業(ye)區。地理坐標為東經129°58′29″--130°23′07″，北(bei)緯(wei)48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會哈爾濱470公里，交(jiao)通便(bian)利。保護(hu)區始建于2004年，2011年晉(jin)升為國家級自然保護(hu)區，面積62567公頃，是(shi)伊(yi)春市青(qing)少年科普教育基地。在(zai)2009年被評為省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級先進(jin)集(ji)體，在(zai)2010年榮獲(huo)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級森林資源監督管(guan)理先進(jin)單位。

保(bao)護區(qu)位于《全國林(lin)業系(xi)(xi)統自然保(bao)護區(qu)體系(xi)(xi)規劃研究(jiu)》所列16個中(zhong)國生(sheng)物多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性熱點地(di)(di)區(qu)之(zhi)一的(de)吉林(lin)長白山地(di)(di)區(qu)內，處于我國東(dong)北泥炭沼(zhao)澤(ze)集(ji)中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)，擁有小興安嶺山脈(mo)保(bao)存最完整的(de)多(duo)(duo)種典型濕(shi)地(di)(di)組合(he)，被聯(lian)合(he)國教科文組織考(kao)察認(ren)定(ding)為大面(mian)積(ji)群落清晰(xi)、保(bao)存完整的(de)典型泥碳沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護白頭鶴資源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)其他珍稀瀕(bin)(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物資源(yuan)(yuan)、北溫(wen)帶(dai)森林生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)和濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)及生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing)、黑(hei)龍(long)江流域上游的水源(yuan)(yuan)涵養地為保(bao)(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象，是(shi)集珍稀瀕(bin)(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、濕(shi)地資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、科學研究、宣傳(chuan)教育、生(sheng)(sheng)態旅游與(yu)森林可持(chi)續利用等(deng)多(duo)項功能(neng)于一(yi)體的“野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物類型”自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區。

黑龍江新青(qing)白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)(he)國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護區以“中國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)(he)之鄉”響譽國(guo)內外(wai)，有(you)著豐富的(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)。區內分(fen)布(bu)著近90只白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)(he)，約占全球總量的(de)1%。區內共(gong)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174科(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括(kuo)地衣(yi)12科(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53科(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)14科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)93科(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中魚類(lei)(lei)13科(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)(lei)4科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類(lei)(lei)3科(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)(lei)46科(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)(lei)15科(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲101科(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土壤動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42科(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；真菌59科(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護區內國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)紅(hong)松、浮葉慈菇、紫椴、野大豆、黃(huang)檗、水曲柳等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)紫貂、原麝(she)、白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)(he)、丹頂鶴(he)(he)、東方白(bai)(bai)鸛、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)駝鹿(lu)、黑熊(xiong)、馬鹿(lu)、烏林鸮、蒼鷹、普通鵟、花(hua)尾榛雞、白(bai)(bai)枕鶴(he)(he)等(deng)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省級(ji)(ji)一般保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

保護區(qu)內群巒(luan)起伏(fu)、林(lin)海蒼茫，河(he)流交錯，風光旖(yi)旎。春來山(shan)花似(si)火，盛夏河(he)水如(ru)藍，金秋五彩繽紛(fen)，隆冬銀(yin)裝素(su)裹，鮮明的(de)四(si)季展示(shi)出北(bei)國獨(du)(du)具(ju)(ju)的(de)魅力。區(qu)內山(shan)青、水秀、石奇、林(lin)幽，特(te)殊的(de)地(di)理位置(zhi)、地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌和森林(lin)資源形(xing)成(cheng)了獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)自然景觀(guan)，具(ju)(ju)有豐富(fu)的(de)生物多(duo)樣性。在物種組(zu)成(cheng)、區(qu)系特(te)征、群落結(jie)構或生態系統水平上(shang)，均反(fan)映了小興(xing)安(an)嶺特(te)色，是小興(xing)安(an)嶺地(di)區(qu)的(de)典型代(dai)表。

幾年來，黑龍(long)江新(xin)青白(bai)(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鶴(he)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)以建設國(guo)家級保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)為(wei)目標，堅(jian)持(chi)“生(sheng)態優先、合理利用、持(chi)續發展”的(de)(de)原則，積極開(kai)(kai)展資源保護(hu)(hu)、宣(xuan)傳教(jiao)育(yu)、科(ke)學研究、社區(qu)共管等工作(zuo)，使以白(bai)(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鶴(he)為(wei)主的(de)(de)野生(sheng)動植物資源和森(sen)林、濕地生(sheng)態系統得到了有(you)效保護(hu)(hu)。積極開(kai)(kai)展科(ke)學研究，在(zai)國(guo)內首次取得了在(zai)非繁殖(zhi)(zhi)地已經(jing)停止繁殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鶴(he)到繁殖(zhi)(zhi)地后恢(hui)復繁殖(zhi)(zhi)能力和模擬野生(sheng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鶴(he)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)環境(jing)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)鶴(he)親(qin)鳥孵(fu)卵育(yu)雛的(de)(de)科(ke)研成果(guo)，這項科(ke)研成果(guo)在(zai)2011年北京林業大學召開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)首屆自然保護(hu)(hu)論壇”上(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)參(can)會論文進行交流。

目前，保(bao)護(hu)區成立了(le)管(guan)理(li)局—管(guan)理(li)站(zhan)—管(guan)理(li)點三級(ji)管(guan)理(li)機構，制定和完善了(le)相應的規章制度及(ji)保(bao)護(hu)條例，為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)區的依法保(bao)護(hu)和管(guan)理(li)提供了(le)依據。保(bao)護(hu)區的建設和發展走上了(le)科學發展的軌道。

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件

黑龍江新(xin)青(qing)白頭(tou)鶴自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)屬(shu)寒(han)溫(wen)帶大陸性季風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)，區(qu)內四季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)差(cha)異大。同時(shi)(shi)，由于(yu)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)受(shou)外高加索、貝加爾(er)湖冷(leng)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，致使該(gai)區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)異常(chang)復雜。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點(dian)為(wei)(wei)冬(dong)季漫長，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)干(gan)燥(zao)而(er)寒(han)冷(leng)；夏季較短，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和多(duo)(duo)雨；春(chun)季前(qian)期(qi)冷(leng)，后(hou)期(qi)暖(nuan)，春(chun)風(feng)(feng)(feng)大，春(chun)霜（終霜）晚；秋季降(jiang)溫(wen)迅速，秋霜（早霜）早，常(chang)有凍害發生(sheng)。據(ju)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象資(zi)料(liao)統計(ji)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-0.5℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)差(cha)一般在70℃以(yi)上，無(wu)霜期(qi)110-125天。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)2500.6℃，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)(de)積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)2387.7℃，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)(de)積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)1993.8℃。該(gai)地區(qu)光照(zhao)具(ju)有明顯的(de)(de)季節(jie)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，冬(dong)短夏長，輻(fu)射強(qiang)度冬(dong)弱夏強(qiang)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)總時(shi)(shi)數平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)2268.5小時(shi)(shi)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)650.7毫(hao)米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)在6、7、8月份，占全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)60%。冬(dong)季常(chang)出現大雪天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)西(xi)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)最多(duo)(duo)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)的(de)(de)季節(jie)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)明顯，春(chun)季多(duo)(duo)西(xi)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，冬(dong)季多(duo)(duo)西(xi)北風(feng)(feng)(feng)。

豐林縣交通

豐林(lin)縣（局）的交通(tong)，包(bao)括(kuo)鐵(tie)路和公路兩部分(fen)。湯(tang)(tang)林(lin)線鐵(tie)路由本區(qu)(qu)通(tong)過，南為紅星、五(wu)營，北是湯(tang)(tang)旺河。隨(sui)著林(lin)區(qu)(qu)經濟的發展，車站的機構日趨健全(quan)，設施逐年完備。

豐林縣(xian)公(gong)路(lu)網密(mi)布，包括湯北(bei)公(gong)路(lu)和新青至結源、北(bei)溝、柳樹河、南溝、水源、笑山林場的公(gong)路(lu)，省道伊春(chun)--嘉蔭國防公(gong)路(lu)由本區北(bei)部通(tong)過(guo)。

保(bao)護區距(ju)離豐林縣約50千米，通達公路(lu)為林III級公路(lu)。

新青(qing)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)地處黑龍江省(sheng)伊(yi)春(chun)(chun)市五營國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)至湯(tang)旺(wang)河國家(jia)地質公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、嘉蔭(yin)茅(mao)蘭溝、龍骨(gu)山黃(huang)金旅游(you)線上(shang)，距豐(feng)林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)35千(qian)米，距湯(tang)旺(wang)縣(xian)21千(qian)米。豐(feng)林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)（局）有湯(tang)林(lin)(lin)線鐵路從此通過(guo)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)路網密布(bu)，包括湯(tang)北(bei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路和新青(qing)至結源(yuan)、北(bei)溝、柳樹河、南溝、水源(yuan)、笑山林(lin)(lin)場的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路，并(bing)且伊(yi)春(chun)(chun)——嘉蔭(yin)國防公(gong)(gong)(gong)路由北(bei)部通過(guo)，交(jiao)通條件極為便(bian)利。

目前豐林縣已建設(she)有基本的旅(lv)游接待設(she)施，保護(hu)區旅(lv)游設(she)施建設(she)尚處(chu)于起步(bu)階(jie)段。

豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目

豐林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)十(shi)分豐富，擁有抗聯(lian)密(mi)營遺(yi)址(zhi)、老佛山縣(xian)遺(yi)址(zhi)、老金(jin)(jin)溝遺(yi)址(zhi)、日(ri)偽時期修筑的(de)(de)警備路(lu)遺(yi)址(zhi)、大(da)面積的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)保護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)、并(bing)有保存完好的(de)(de)三片2，858公(gong)頃的(de)(de)原始紅松母(mu)樹林(lin)(lin)等(deng)，可開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)潛力(li)巨大(da)。近(jin)年來(lai)，豐林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)本著生(sheng)態(tai)優先、整體開(kai)發(fa)、突出重點(dian)(dian)、循序漸進的(de)(de)原則，加大(da)了旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)力(li)度，專(zhuan)門聘請(qing)國(guo)內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)，對新青(qing)(qing)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)長遠發(fa)展進行了總體規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，著力(li)打(da)造旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)，已取得初(chu)步成(cheng)效。先后在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內建(jian)成(cheng)了野(ye)生(sheng)植物園(yuan)、觀(guan)鳥亭、觀(guan)景平臺和(he)1360延長米(mi)的(de)(de)木棧道。2009年，為保護濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水源(yuan)安全和(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水量，建(jian)成(cheng)了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)湖(hu)。同時成(cheng)立了旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行社和(he)熱(re)氣(qi)球俱樂部，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀(guan)鶴(he)(he)、熱(re)氣(qi)球觀(guan)光(guang)等(deng)特(te)(te)色旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項(xiang)目(mu)已全面啟(qi)動(dong)，填補了林(lin)(lin)區空中(zhong)(zhong)觀(guan)光(guang)的(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)。目(mu)前，新青(qing)(qing)森林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產業(ye)正在全力(li)依托國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)和(he)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)之鄉”的(de)(de)稱(cheng)譽(yu)，深入開(kai)發(fa)森林(lin)(lin)避暑、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀(guan)鶴(he)(he)、湖(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)泛舟(zhou)、熱(re)氣(qi)球觀(guan)光(guang)等(deng)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項(xiang)目(mu)，突出紅色旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、觀(guan)光(guang)原始沙金(jin)(jin)采掘流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)和(he)鄂倫(lun)春(chun)(chun)少數民族風情游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等(deng)新青(qing)(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)色，打(da)造新青(qing)(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)，提升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檔次和(he)品(pin)位。力(li)爭經過三年左右(you)的(de)(de)努力(li)，全面建(jian)設(she)(she)好國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)新青(qing)(qing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、新鶴(he)(he)公(gong)路(lu)沿線(xian)觀(guan)光(guang)原始沙金(jin)(jin)采掘流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)景點(dian)(dian)、抗美河水上游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樂園(yuan)等(deng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景點(dian)(dian)景區，叫響“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)之鄉”這個旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai)，使新青(qing)(qing)成(cheng)為伊春(chun)(chun)市湯旺河流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)黃金(jin)(jin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)上又一個獨具特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景區。并(bing)通過加強“吃、住、行、游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、購、娛(yu)”六項(xiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服(fu)務基礎建(jian)設(she)(she)，提升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服(fu)務檔次，拉動(dong)商(shang)貿業(ye)、物流(liu)(liu)業(ye)和(he)飲(yin)服(fu)娛(yu)樂業(ye)大(da)發(fa)展、快發(fa)展，進而(er)把新青(qing)(qing)建(jian)成(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)貿服(fu)務中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。