是中(zhong)國少見的(de)(de)集森林和野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)型(xing)、高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)濕地型(xing)、高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)型(xing)三重功能為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)珍稀野生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)自然保護區(qu)。土(tu)壤為(wei)高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)、灰褐土(tu)、暗黑色(se)草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)、泥炭土(tu)和沼澤土(tu),海(hai)拔2900~4400m,高(gao)差1500m,氣候屬于青藏高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)濕潤氣候區(qu),冬季(ji)漫(man)長(chang),夏季(ji)溫涼,是避(bi)暑納涼休假(jia)的(de)(de)理想(xiang)之(zhi)地。特別值得一提的(de)(de)是位于保護區(qu)西南部的(de)(de)尕(ga)(ga)海(hai)濕地,尕(ga)(ga)海(hai)濕地是鳥類(lei)遷徙的(de)(de)必經之(zhi)路,每年春秋季(ji)有數以(yi)萬(wan)計的(de)(de)候鳥到此地歇腳,繁殖后代(dai),享(xiang)有“鳥類(lei)樂園”的(de)(de)美(mei)稱(cheng)。
保護區有脊椎(zhui)動物5綱(gang)、26目(mu)(mu)(mu)、58科(ke)、197種。其中(zhong)獸類6目(mu)(mu)(mu),15科(ke),38種;鳥(niao)類15目(mu)(mu)(mu),35科(ke),144種;繁殖鳥(niao)129種,其中(zhong)夏候(hou)鳥(niao)64種,占繁殖鳥(niao)的(de)49.6%;兩棲類2目(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)、4種;爬行類1目(mu)(mu)(mu),2科(ke)、2種;魚類1目(mu)(mu)(mu),2科(ke)、9種。
國家保(bao)(bao)(bao)護類(lei)(lei)(lei)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占19.3%,其中(zhong)(zhong)Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)(lei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護的10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)(lei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護的28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列入《瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)植物公約》的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)、獸的14.8%,其中(zhong)(zhong):列為公約附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ的8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅱ的19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入中(zhong)(zhong)日《保(bao)(bao)(bao)護候鳥(niao)(niao)及其棲息(xi)環境協定》的鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的21.5%。列入甘肅省重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護的野生(sheng)動(dong)物有大白鷺、豹貓、斑(ban)頭雁、狐(hu)、毛冠鹿、雪鴿、灰雁。重要的經濟動(dong)物有黃河(he)裸裂尻魚、厚唇(chun)裸重唇(chun)魚、藍馬雞、斑(ban)尾榛雞、雉雞、斑(ban)頭雁、赤麻鴨(ya)、高(gao)原山鶉、林麝、馬麝、狐(hu)、狼(lang)、巖羊(yang)、高(gao)原兔、旱獺等41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按(an)用途分藥用18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),食用25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),皮(pi)用26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),羽用20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
保(bao)護(hu)區有(you)昆蟲10目(mu)、59科(ke)、283種。捕(bu)食(shi)和(he)寄生(sheng)性(xing)天敵(di)昆蟲6目(mu)、18科(ke)、56種。具觀賞價值的珍稀(xi)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、蛾(e)類9科(ke)100種,特別是絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)類,被列為世界知名的珍稀(xi)種類。在保(bao)護(hu)區有(you)白絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、黃(huang)毛(mao)白絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、小紅(hong)珠絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、甘南紅(hong)珠蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、秦嶺(ling)紅(hong)珠絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、四川絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、君主絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)、周氏絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)(die)等10種。
保護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)物區(qu)系是橫斷(duan)山植(zhi)物區(qu)系的(de)(de)一部(bu)分(fen),即川西北(bei)、甘南(nan)和青東南(nan)小區(qu)。植(zhi)物區(qu)系是溫(wen)帶(dai)性質(zhi),其成分(fen)很少。從本(ben)地區(qu)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)優(you)勢科(ke)(ke)來看(kan),菊(ju)科(ke)(ke)、毛茛科(ke)(ke)、禾本(ben)科(ke)(ke)、薔薇科(ke)(ke)、玄生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)、豆科(ke)(ke)、莎草(cao)科(ke)(ke)都(dou)是世(shi)界性大科(ke)(ke),又是以(yi)北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)布型號為(wei)主,從屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)分(fen)布型來看(kan),溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)布型169個,占總屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)79.5%。在29個主要(yao)屬(shu)(shu)中,有22個是北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)布型,北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)成分(fen)中的(de)(de)冷杉屬(shu)(shu)、云杉屬(shu)(shu)等(deng)為(wei)建群種和優(you)勢種,組成廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)寒溫(wen)性針葉林植(zhi)被,同(tong)時(shi),北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)布的(de)(de)許(xu)多大屬(shu)(shu),如杜鵑屬(shu)(shu)、馬(ma)先(xian)蒿屬(shu)(shu)、苔草(cao)屬(shu)(shu)、柳屬(shu)(shu)、風毛菊(ju)屬(shu)(shu)、蒿草(cao)屬(shu)(shu)、龍(long)膽屬(shu)(shu)、蒿屬(shu)(shu)、草(cao)熟(shu)禾屬(shu)(shu),在保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)得到充分(fen)發育和高度分(fen)化。
保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)和(he)(he)橫斷山脈植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)有(you)密切(qie)的(de)(de)聯系(xi)。從(cong)本地區(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)看特別是中(zhong)國特有(you)種區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分來(lai)分析(xi),本地區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)橫斷山地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(四川西(xi)(xi)北部(bu)、青(qing)海東南部(bu)、西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)東南部(bu)、滇西(xi)(xi)北部(bu))的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分相似性(xing)很大,在529種種子植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong),有(you)175種中(zhong)國特有(you)種和(he)(he)橫斷山地區(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)共占總(zong)數的(de)(de)33%,在高(gao)(gao)(gao)山和(he)(he)亞高(gao)(gao)(gao)山地區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)以青(qing)藏(zang)(zang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原東緣(yuan)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)特有(you)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分岷江冷杉(shan)、紫果云(yun)杉(shan)及(ji)云(yun)杉(shan)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)大面積(ji)森林和(he)(he)頭花杜鵑(juan)(juan)、百(bai)里香杜鵑(juan)(juan)、黃毛杜鵑(juan)(juan)、山生柳、窄葉鮮卑(bei)花組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山灌叢(cong);在洮河源頭,西(xi)(xi)傾(qing)山、尕(ga)海地區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)以青(qing)藏(zang)(zang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分高(gao)(gao)(gao)山蒿(hao)草(cao)和(he)(he)以中(zhong)國——喜馬拉雅(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分的(de)(de)圓穗蓼組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)寒草(cao)甸。
保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源豐(feng)富,是寶貴的基(ji)因庫。區(qu)內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有61科(ke),213屬,529種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)8亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),48變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),7變(bian)型),其中裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3科(ke),5屬,11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)1變(bian)型),被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)58科(ke),208屬,518種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)8亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),48變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),6變(bian)型。)食用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)128種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(其中優質(zhi)(zhi)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良好牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中等牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),保(bao)護(hu)和改(gai)造(zao)環境植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)資源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家和省重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):
(1)列入第一批中(zhong)國珍稀瀕危植物(wu)保(bao)護名(ming)錄的有:星葉草、桃兒七、黃耆(qi)。
(2)列(lie)入(ru)第二(er)批中國珍稀瀕危保護植物名錄的(de)有(you):黨參(can)、西藏(zang)沙棘、掌葉大(da)黃、細穗玄參(can)、馬尿泡。
(3)列入國(guo)家保護野生植物名錄的有:冬蟲夏草(cao)、中麻黃、中國(guo)沙棘(ji)、羽葉(xie)點(dian)地梅、山茛菪。
(4)列入甘肅(su)省重點保護植(zhi)物名錄的(de)有:紫果云杉、方(fang)枝柏、祁連圓(yuan)柏。
自然保護(hu)區的(de)大(da)型真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)8目(mu)、23科(ke)、42屬、68種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)食用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)43種(zhong)(zhong),食用(yong)兼(jian)藥用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)27種(zhong)(zhong),純藥用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)17種(zhong)(zhong),毒菌(jun)(jun)(jun)3種(zhong)(zhong)。珍貴的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)冬蟲夏草、羊肚(du)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、尖(jian)頂羊肚(du)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)和粗(cu)柄羊肚(du)菌(jun)(jun)(jun),是山中(zhong)珍品,售價(jia)昂貴。
保護區境(jing)內地表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)和地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)都相當豐富(fu),碌曲的(de)意思就是(shi)(shi)龍水(shui)(shui)與神水(shui)(shui)。全區年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為36.43億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)31.11億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)(he)境(jing)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)18公里,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)20.1億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);黑河(he)(he)(he)境(jing)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)27公里,匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)面積111平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公里,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均總(zong)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)10.6億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)33.6立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。白龍江是(shi)(shi)嘉陵江的(de)一級支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),發源(yuan)于(yu)本縣(xian)郎(lang)木寺鄉西(xi)面的(de)結格雜干瘦山南麓,境(jing)內流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)14公里,匯(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)面積81平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公里,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均總(zong)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.411億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒),其中入(ru)境(jing)水(shui)(shui)24.11億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),本區洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域自產(chan)水(shui)(shui)6.60億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(周可河(he)(he)(he)發源(yuan)于(yu)尕海,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)56公里,在(zai)紅科匯(hui)(hui)入(ru)洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)(he),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)3.1億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);貢去乎河(he)(he)(he)發源(yuan)于(yu)貢巴、阿(a)尼(ni)庫和華蓋,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)38~63公里,在(zai)貢去乎匯(hui)(hui)入(ru)洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)(he),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)3.5億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)),占(zhan)全流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域自產(chan)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)51.5億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)13.6%,占(zhan)甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域自產(chan)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)129億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)0.6%。地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)5.53億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),占(zhan)本省(sheng)(sheng)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)74.0億立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)7.19%。不(bu)但(dan)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),而且水(shui)(shui)質優(you)良。
總之,尕海——則岔自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)水源豐(feng)富,河(he)流縱橫,泉溪鑲(xiang)嵌(qian),是(shi)(shi)黃河(he)水的主要補給源區(qu),甘肅中東(dong)部地區(qu)生產、生活、生態用水的命脈之一;定西(xi)人(ren)民稱為(wei)救命工程(cheng)、希望(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)——引洮工工程(cheng)的生命線之一。物種豐(feng)富,特(te)有種類多,國家保(bao)(bao)護(hu)物種分(fen)布集(ji)中,生物群落典型(xing)特(te)有,保(bao)(bao)存完整(zheng),這(zhe)在生物多樣性保(bao)(bao)護(hu)方面具(ju)有全球重要意義。林茂草(cao)豐(feng),山花(hua)爛漫,鳥語花(hua)香(xiang),既有層巒(luan)疊嶂,千山疊翠的山峰,又有碧綠如茵,一望(wang)(wang)無際(ji)的天然(ran)草(cao)原。波(bo)光粼粼的高(gao)原明(ming)珠——尕海湖,像(xiang)一塊天然(ran)翡(fei)翠鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)其(qi)中,更是(shi)(shi)錦上(shang)添(tian)花(hua),如詩如畫,美不勝收。青山、藍天、碧水、白云是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)里(li)生態環境的真實寫照。尕海——則岔自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)是(shi)(shi)農業可持續(xu)發展的科(ke)研(yan)、教學基地,生態文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設的天然(ran)課堂(tang),回歸大(da)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)的好去(qu)處,在這(zhe)里(li)你會(hui)真正領悟到大(da)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)的寬廣(guang)和諧。
旅(lv)游資(zi)源(yuan)相當豐富,得天獨(du)厚。東部石(shi)林奇景冠西(xi)北(bei),南部郎(lang)木(mu)仙境(jing)美(mei)如畫,西(xi)南尕海碧湖更(geng)富麗,草原(yuan)美(mei)景讓人醉(zui),藏族(zu)生活淳樸又多彩,藏傳佛(fo)教(jiao)文化更(geng)燦爛。
此景(jing)(jing)(jing)區距碌曲縣50km,面積200多km2,系三迭紀石灰(hui)巖經流(liu)水沿裂隙溶蝕(shi)而成的(de)喀斯特地貌(mao)(mao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。峰(feng)林、峰(feng)叢、溶洞等溶蝕(shi)地貌(mao)(mao)廣泛(fan)分布,以“野、秀、奇、險”著(zhu)稱。是(shi)(shi)西北罕見的(de)典型石林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。景(jing)(jing)(jing)區山勢陡峭,峰(feng)巒疊嶂,林木參(can)天,流(liu)水潺(chan)(chan)潺(chan)(chan)、水流(liu)湍急、清澈可(ke)鑒、魚兒弄影,千(qian)姿百(bai)態的(de)怪石奇景(jing)(jing)(jing)從半山到谷(gu)底隨處可(ke)見,同時(shi)大片的(de)云杉在懸崖(ya)峭壁石縫中,盤根錯節,蒼(cang)勁挺拔,生(sheng)長(chang)茂盛(sheng),更顯奇特。主要景(jing)(jing)(jing)點有“青天一(yi)線、靈猿(yuan)望月、將軍峰(feng)”等數(shu)百(bai)個,栩栩如(ru)生(sheng),惟妙惟肖。不少景(jing)(jing)(jing)點還流(liu)傳著(zhu)藏(zang)族(zu)(zu)英雄(xiong)格薩爾王(wang)的(de)神(shen)奇故事。此處蘊藏(zang)著(zhu)豐(feng)富的(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)歷(li)史遺產,是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)族(zu)(zu)人民(min)燦爛文化的(de)發(fa)源地之(zhi)一(yi),是(shi)(shi)唐蕃會盟之(zhi)地,也是(shi)(shi)蒙元(yuan)殘部同明軍會戰(zhan)的(de)古戰(zhan)場之(zhi)一(yi)。可(ke)以說(shuo)自然景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)和神(shen)話傳說(shuo)交相輝映。這里生(sheng)態環境原始自然,沒有絲毫的(de)人為(wei)雕琢(zhuo)的(de)痕跡,你會真正領略到大自然的(de)和諧完美,體驗到回歸自然的(de)完美感覺。
保護區內約20萬(wan)公(gong)頃的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)草(cao)(cao)場是中(zhong)國(guo)典型的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原天(tian)然(ran)灌(guan)叢(cong)(cong)草(cao)(cao)原和草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)原。徜徉其間(jian),若大個草(cao)(cao)場幽深(shen)而(er)秀麗,寧靜(jing)而(er)安詳,寬闊(kuo)而(er)雄渾,如一(yi)塊未曾雕琢的(de)(de)(de)翡翠,像(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)公(gong)傾潑下來的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)墨(mo),融匯成碧綠的(de)(de)(de)波濤,直向高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)空奔運而(er)去。草(cao)(cao)原上生(sheng)長著各種植(zhi)物,長短(duan)相(xiang)間(jian),高(gao)矮(ai)交錯,一(yi)簇連一(yi)簇,一(yi)叢(cong)(cong)挨一(yi)叢(cong)(cong),把地表蓋得(de)嚴嚴實實。那些紅彤彤、粉嘟嘟、黃澄澄、紫英(ying)英(ying)、白晶晶、藍滲滲的(de)(de)(de)嬌艷野花(hua),盛開在(zai)這“百里草(cao)(cao)原”的(de)(de)(de)萬(wan)綠叢(cong)(cong)中(zhong),像(xiang)(xiang)織不完的(de)(de)(de)錦那么綿延,像(xiang)(xiang)飄(piao)落的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)霞(xia)那么絢爛,像(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)綠色緞面上的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)色圖案那么美麗。彩(cai)蝶(die)飛(fei)舞,蜜蜂(feng)奔忙,昆蟲吟唱,鮮花(hua)飄(piao)香(xiang),溪水淙(cong)淙(cong),清風徐徐、白云(yun)朵朵,藍天(tian)朗(lang)朗(lang),將(jiang)草(cao)(cao)原裝扮得(de)格外妖嬈,使人仿佛(fo)置身(shen)于人間(jian)仙(xian)境,忘掉了世俗的(de)(de)(de)許多紛擾和憂愁,只覺得(de)生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)壯美和可愛;黑白相(xiang)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)牛羊、蘑菇似的(de)(de)(de)帳篷隨(sui)處可見,奶茶飄(piao)香(xiang),羊肉肥美更是你的(de)(de)(de)向往。
保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內禽鳥(niao)集中的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)面積尕(ga)海(hai)(hai)濕(shi)地(di),一(yi)望無(wu)際(ji),蒼蒼茫茫,浩浩蕩(dang)蕩(dang),像綠色(se)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)洋,微風輕拂,碧(bi)(bi)波蕩(dang)漾,蔚為壯(zhuang)觀(guan),美麗的(de)(de)(de)蘑菇圈(quan)一(yi)圈(quan)接一(yi)圈(quan),沼澤地(di)里(li)群蛙鼓噪;尕(ga)海(hai)(hai)湖中魚兒弄(nong)影,鶴鷺共舞,雁鴨和(he)鳴,天鵝歡唱。山花(hua)爛(lan)漫,水(shui)草豐美,天藍、水(shui)碧(bi)(bi)、天水(shui)相連,陽光、溪流、湖泊、鳥(niao)禽、青山、群群牛羊構(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)幅(fu)空氣(qi)清新、景觀(guan)迷(mi)人的(de)(de)(de)壯(zhuang)麗畫面,如詩如畫,更給保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)增添了(le)無(wu)窮的(de)(de)(de)魅(mei)力。每年(nian)春秋,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)種(zhong)類、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)顏色(se)、大(da)(da)小不(bu)(bu)一(yi)、叫(jiao)聲(sheng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)鷹、雁、鵝、雕、鷗、隼、鷗、鴨等(deng)珍貴、稀有、瀕危(wei)的(de)(de)(de)候鳥(niao)、留鳥(niao)在尕(ga)海(hai)(hai)濕(shi)地(di)結(jie)集成(cheng)成(cheng)千上萬的(de)(de)(de)群體,總數以萬計,飛上翻(fan)下,起伏(fu)此彼,如飛花(hua)、似落葉(xie),密(mi)密(mi)層層,鋪天蓋地(di),悠揚高亢的(de)(de)(de)鳴叫(jiao)聲(sheng),悅耳動聽,讓人大(da)(da)飽耳福。
則岔(cha)溝(gou)溝(gou)口(kou)海拔(ba)2900m,高(gao)處(華(hua)蓋山(shan))海拔(ba)4300m,高(gao)差1400m。沿(yan)則岔(cha)西溝(gou)熱吾(wu)曲(qu)(熱吾(wu)曲(qu)河水蜿蜒形(xing)成十八道(dao)河曲(qu),故當(dang)地群眾稱謂十八道(dao)彎)逆流而上,谷(gu)(gu)底云杉(shan)、柳樹(shu)、柏木(mu)等(deng)(deng)生長茂密,樹(shu)種組成復雜,森林(lin)遮天蔽日,大(da)樹(shu)參天,再向上行,紫(zi)果(guo)云杉(shan)、冷杉(shan)混交林(lin)出現,林(lin)相(xiang)整齊(qi),林(lin)下(xia)天然更新良(liang)好,郁(yu)(yu)郁(yu)(yu)蔥(cong)蔥(cong),樹(shu)種單純(chun),地被(bei)物(wu)(wu)苔鮮和(he)苔草很發達,繼續前行就會出現中國(guo)特有,國(guo)內(nei)罕見的(de)紫(zi)果(guo)云杉(shan)純(chun)林(lin),下(xia)木(mu)為金背杜(du)鵑(juan)、頭花(hua)(hua)杜(du)鵑(juan)等(deng)(deng),它能讓青城山(shan)含羞(xiu),只有熱曲(qu)峽谷(gu)(gu)才是天下(xia)之幽。國(guo)家重點保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)藍馬雞、斑尾榛雞、麝(she)、蘇(su)門羚(ling)、血雉(zhi)等(deng)(deng)幾十種動物(wu)(wu)在(zai)這里(li)出沒。初夏(xia)百花(hua)(hua)爭艷(yan),色艷(yan)氣香,多(duo)姿多(duo)彩(cai)。林(lin)緣以外是寒溫(wen)性灌木(mu)林(lin)和(he)亞高(gao)山(shan)灌叢草甸(dian)等(deng)(deng)植物(wu)(wu)群落,主要(yao)樹(shu)種有千里(li)香杜(du)鵑(juan)、狹窄鮮卑花(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)灌木(mu),再上就是草甸(dian)草原,在(zai)這時(shi)能看到(dao)集中動植物(wu)(wu)于(yu)一身(shen)的(de)冬(dong)蟲夏(xia)草、水母雪(xue)蓮(lian)等(deng)(deng)名(ming)貴中藥,如你(ni)有幸(xing)還能看見巖羊、青鼬、石貂、藏雪(xue)雞、雪(xue)鶉、盤羊、兔猻、雪(xue)豹(bao)等(deng)(deng)珍貴野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)。秋季全景(jing)區萬紫(zi)千紅,層林(lin)盡染,野(ye)果(guo)飄香,景(jing)色迷人,美麗如畫(hua),讓人向往。
青(qing)藏高原特有(you)鳥(niao)類黑頸鶴(he)(he),當(dang)地(di)居民視為“神鳥(niao)”,稱為“格薩爾(er)達字”,它(ta)具有(you)優(you)雅(ya)柔和的曲線,是(shi)吉祥、長(chang)壽、高雅(ya)、華貴的象(xiang)征,遠遠望去,漆黑的羽毛從頭部一直披(pi)到細(xi)長(chang)的脖頸,形(xing)成了(le)它(ta)特有(you)的標志(zhi)——黑頸,鶴(he)(he)也因(yin)此而(er)得(de)名。黑頸鶴(he)(he)活動始終成雙成對,溫(wen)情脈(mo)脈(mo),雙雙歡(huan)歌起(qi)舞(wu),給人一種美(mei)(mei)好、祥和、甜蜜的感(gan)覺。它(ta)那嬌姿神態(tai)優(you)美(mei)(mei),令人贊嘆(tan)不已。
絹蝶(die)是(shi)我國蝶(die)類(lei)各科中(zhong)為(wei)珍貴的種類(lei)。絹蝶(die)翅(chi)形(xing)渾(hun)圓(yuan)、鱗片稀疏,翅(chi)膜(mo)無色半透明,狀似絲絹,而得名(ming),翅(chi)面常(chang)有黑色、紅(hong)色和藍色斑紋(wen)或斑點,體態淡雅而華貴,耐寒性能(neng)極強。西傾(qing)山是(shi)中(zhong)國主要(yao)絹蝶(die)產(chan)區之一,到尕海你可欣賞到這一美麗奇(qi)特的蝶(die)類(lei)。
距綠曲縣城80多(duo)公里,是(shi)甘、川兩省的交(jiao)界,此地有(you)一(yi)石(shi)洞(dong),洞(dong)內(nei)有(you)一(yi)酷似美女(nv)的巖石(shi),藏(zang)語為“郎(lang)(lang)(lang)木”,郎(lang)(lang)(lang)木寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)由(you)此而名。郎(lang)(lang)(lang)木寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)四山(shan)環抱,松柏相映(ying),青山(shan)峻秀,林茂水(shui)碧,景色秀麗。郎(lang)(lang)(lang)木寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)是(shi)一(yi)座藏(zang)傳佛(fo)教格魯派著名寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan),依(yi)山(shan)傍水(shui)建成(cheng),寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)經(jing)殿與(yu)僧(seng)舍相連,沿山(shan)拾級而上,層(ceng)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)疊(die)(die),規模宏(hong)大(da),建筑雄偉(wei),雕梁畫(hua)柱(zhu),金碧輝(hui)煌。四川格爾底寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)群(qun)落(luo)與(yu)甘肅賽赤寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)群(qun)落(luo),隔江(jiang)相望,法鼓相鳴(ming),螺(luo)音相映(ying)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)也是(shi)一(yi)個巨大(da)的藝(yi)術博物(wu)館,由(you)金、銀、珊瑚(hu)、拉(la)白等各種珍寶(bao)精(jing)心裝飾,且歷(li)史悠久、造型豐富的佛(fo)像(xiang)達400多(duo)尊,其中大(da)者有(you)二層(ceng)樓高;以金汁寫成(cheng)的《甘珠爾》經(jing)卷及其它多(duo)部佛(fo)教經(jing)曲和大(da)量的唐卡、堆秀、壁畫(hua)等藝(yi)術品頗具(ju)觀賞價值(zhi)和學術研(yan)究價值(zhi)。
藏族民(min)居獨樹一幟,以郎木(mu)寺沓(ta)板(ban)(ban)房和籬(li)(li)笆屋具特色(se)。沓(ta)板(ban)(ban)房因屋頂用木(mu)板(ban)(ban)疊制而(er)得(de)名,籬(li)(li)笆屋則是沓(ta)板(ban)(ban)房中較特殊的一種,用木(mu)條編織的籬(li)(li)笆罩在沓(ta)板(ban)(ban)房周(zhou)圍而(er)成。房屋依地(di)勢而(er)建,高低(di)錯落有(you)致(zhi),同周(zhou)圍的環(huan)境(jing)互相融合。它古樸美(mei)觀,極富地(di)方(fang)民(min)族特色(se),頗(po)有(you)觀賞價值。
藏族(zu)人民(min)熱情(qing)好客,淳樸豪放(fang),生活習俗、節(jie)(jie)會活動豐富(fu)多彩(cai)。香浪節(jie)(jie)、插箭節(jie)(jie)、法(fa)會別具(ju)一格,各有(you)特(te)(te)點(dian);鍋(guo)莊舞歡快而(er)富(fu)有(you)節(jie)(jie)奏;藏族(zu)婚俗歡心淳樸,情(qing)趣盎然;飲食風味獨特(te)(te),蕨麻板、酸奶、酥油茶等營養豐富(fu)。