太(tai)子(zi)(zi)山(shan)國家(jia)級自(zi)然保護區(qu)前身為(wei)臨(lin)夏州太(tai)子(zi)(zi)山(shan)總場(chang)(chang),建場(chang)(chang)于1957年;1991年更名為(wei)“臨(lin)夏回族自(zi)治州太(tai)子(zi)(zi)山(shan)水源涵養(yang)林建設總場(chang)(chang)”。
2001年(nian)12月,甘肅省政(zheng)府決定將太子山(shan)林(lin)區(qu)移交省林(lin)業廳直屬管理。
2002年(nian)(nian)7月(yue),甘肅省(sheng)政府頒發了林(lin)權證;2003年(nian)(nian)9月(yue),太子(zi)山自然保護區管理局掛牌成(cheng)立。
2005年12月,批(pi)準(zhun)為甘肅省(sheng)級自然(ran)保護區。
2012年1月由國務院(yuan)辦公廳(ting)確定為國家級(ji)自然保護區。
太子山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區位于(yu)臨夏回族自治州(zhou)(zhou)與甘南(nan)(nan)藏族自治州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)間,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)起洮河(he)下游地區,西南(nan)(nan)與甘南(nan)(nan)州(zhou)(zhou)臨潭、夏河(he)、合作、卓尼四縣(市)及青(qing)海省循化(hua)縣毗鄰,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)和臨夏州(zhou)(zhou)康樂、和政、臨夏、積(ji)石四縣相接(jie)。地理位置介于(yu)東(dong)(dong)經102°43′~103°42′,北(bei)緯(wei)35°02′~35°36′之(zhi)間。
太子(zi)山國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區海(hai)拔在2200—4636米之間,主(zhu)要由(you)太子(zi)山脈發源而來的(de)一(yi)系(xi)列山峰(feng)和溝谷組成,其中海(hai)拔超(chao)過4000米以上的(de)山峰(feng)有(you):巴楞山(4080米)、公(gong)太子(zi)山(4162米)、母太子(zi)山(4332米)等。
太子山國家級自然保護區屬(shu)溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性氣候(hou),年(nian)平均氣溫5.1℃,無霜期110天左右(you),年(nian)平均降雨(yu)量660毫米。
太子山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區從東(dong)向西縱布(bu)著近30條(tiao)(tiao)峽谷,每條(tiao)(tiao)山(shan)谷間都有河(he)(溪(xi))流流淌:據統計(ji),發源于保護區的大小河(he)(溪(xi))流近200多條(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)中較大的河(he)流有16條(tiao)(tiao)。
太子(zi)山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區總面積8.47萬(wan)公頃。其中核心區2.6792萬(wan)公頃,緩沖(chong)區3.2982萬(wan)公頃,實驗區2.4926萬(wan)公頃。
太子山國家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區主要保護對象為青藏高(gao)原與黃土高(gao)原過(guo)渡地帶(dai)森林生態系統(tong)及生物多樣性,屬于自(zi)(zi)然(ran)生態系統(tong)類別林生態系統(tong)類型自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區。
太(tai)子山國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區生物(wu)多樣性十(shi)分豐富,稀有(you)性顯著,據保護(hu)區官方資料,截(jie)止到2008年,共有(you)維管植(zhi)物(wu)838種(zhong),其中稀有(you)瀕(bin)危和重點(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)桃兒(er)七(qi)、紅花綠絨蒿、星葉草等51種(zhong)。
截止到2008年,太子(zi)山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)有脊椎動(dong)(dong)物208種(zhong),包括雪豹(bao)、林(lin)麝(she)、蘇門羚等國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護野生動(dong)(dong)物11種(zhong),鳥類(lei)130種(zhong),包括胡(hu)兀鷲、蒼鷹、藍馬雞(ji)等國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護鳥類(lei)21種(zhong);有兩棲(qi)爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物8種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)兩棲(qi)類(lei)5種(zhong),爬行(xing)類(lei)3種(zhong);有魚類(lei)10種(zhong);昆蟲682種(zhong);有大(da)型真菌(jun)61種(zhong)。物種(zhong)總(zong)數1789種(zhong),占甘肅省物種(zhong)總(zong)數3560的50.25%。
太子(zi)山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區由(you)于境內群峰(feng)林(lin)(lin)立(li),溪流奔(ben)涌,地(di)貌奇特,林(lin)(lin)海雪原(yuan),形成了(le)二郎廟(miao)、麻山峽、后東灣、扎子(zi)河、藥水(shui)峽、松鳴巖、鐵(tie)溝(gou)、大(da)灣灘、三岔(cha)溝(gou)、槐樹關、關灘等(deng)10多處風光各(ge)異(yi)的森林(lin)(lin)風景區,吸引(yin)了(le)省內外游客紛紛前來休閑度假、觀光旅游。
根據保護局對林(lin)(lin)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)研工(gong)作(zuo)的要求和(he)保護區(qu)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)生產實(shi)際,局科(ke)(ke)研中心對八站(圃(pu))下達了2014年林(lin)(lin)業(ye)實(shi)驗項目任務,內(nei)容包括落葉(xie)松鞘蛾(e)防(fang)治試(shi)驗、藍云杉栽培試(shi)驗、云杉苗化學(xue)除草(cao)推廣試(shi)驗、落葉(xie)松葉(xie)蜂防(fang)治試(shi)驗、中華(hua)鼢(fen)鼠投藥防(fang)治等(deng)5項林(lin)(lin)業(ye)試(shi)驗項目,要求各站(圃(pu))積極(ji)做好試(shi)驗方案、觀測記(ji)錄等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo),認真(zhen)總結分析試(shi)驗效果,并積極(ji)撰寫林(lin)(lin)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)研論文,在省級(ji)以(yi)上科(ke)(ke)研刊物(wu)上投稿發表(biao)。
太(tai)子山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)事業(ye)單位,內(nei)設紀(ji)委、工會、辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)室(shi)、計財科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、人事科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、資源保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、防(fang)火辦(ban)(ban)、宣傳科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)中心(xin)、林業(ye)有(you)害生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治檢疫科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、生(sheng)態工程科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、產(chan)業(ye)開發科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、林業(ye)調(diao)查隊、共(gong)青團(tuan)委14個(ge)部門科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)室(shi);下(xia)設總(zong)公(gong)司(si)、藥(yao)水峽旅游公(gong)司(si)兩個(ge)經營性(xing)單位;下(xia)轄(xia)紫溝(gou)、東灣、藥(yao)水、松鳴巖、新營、甲灘、關灘和(he)槐山(shan)子8個(ge)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)站(圃),7站1圃設立了42個(ge)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)段(點(dian))。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)成立有(you)甘(gan)肅省森林公(gong)安局(ju)太(tai)子山(shan)分局(ju),為(wei)副(fu)縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)建制,下(xia)轄(xia)紫溝(gou)、東灣、藥(yao)水、新營、刁(diao)祁5個(ge)林區(qu)(qu)派出所。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)局(ju)實(shi)行局(ju)站點(dian)三(san)級(ji)(ji)管理體系(xi)。
2001至2008年(nian)(nian)太子(zi)(zi)山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)共(gong)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)退(tui)耕還林(lin)(lin)(lin)荒(huang)(huang)山(shan)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)任務(wu)9.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),封山(shan)育(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)2.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。其(qi)中:2001年(nian)(nian),甘(gan)肅省上下(xia)達太子(zi)(zi)山(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)局退(tui)耕還林(lin)(lin)(lin)荒(huang)(huang)山(shan)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)任務(wu)0.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)85%;2002年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達0.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)88%;2003年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達1.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%;2004年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達2.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)88%;2005年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),其(qi)中:荒(huang)(huang)山(shan)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)1.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)89%,封山(shan)育(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)2.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu);2006年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達1.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%;2007年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達2.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)89%;2008年(nian)(nian)下(xia)達0.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)(ji)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%。歷年(nian)(nian)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)在90%以上。
太(tai)子(zi)山國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)在涵(han)養(yang)水(shui)源、保(bao)持(chi)(chi)水(shui)土(tu)、調節氣候、維護(hu)(hu)生態良性(xing)循環等方(fang)面具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用,是甘肅中部和青海省東部重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)綠色屏障,是黃河上游重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)水(shui)源涵(han)養(yang)林區(qu)。太(tai)子(zi)山國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)對黃河的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)支流大夏河與洮(tao)河的(de)(de)水(shui)源補給保(bao)護(hu)(hu),防止水(shui)土(tu)流失、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)森林與草地植被、維護(hu)(hu)當地與黃河流域的(de)(de)生態安全、促進社會經濟可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續發展(zhan)有(you)著十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)意義(yi)。