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歷史沿革

1982年經甘肅(su)省人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)，成(cheng)立(li)“天水地區頭(tou)二三灘(tan)自然保護區”。

2006年經(jing)國(guo)務院辦公廳批準晉(jin)升為國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區，更名為“甘(gan)肅(su)甘(gan)肅(su)小隴山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區”。

地理環境

位置境域

甘肅甘肅小隴山國家級自(zi)然保護區位于中(zhong)秦嶺的西端，地(di)理(li)坐標為東經106°13′10″～106°33′06″、北(bei)緯(wei)33°35′12″～33°45′11″。保護區東西長(chang)31.5公(gong)里，南北(bei)寬(kuan)18.5公(gong)里。

地貌

甘肅甘肅小隴(long)山國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)屬(shu)于典型的熔巖(yan)地(di)(di)貌(mao)，局部地(di)(di)段發育大(da)(da)面積喀斯特地(di)(di)貌(mao)。山頂發育的喀斯特漏斗，形狀仿佛農家使用的大(da)(da)鍋，當地(di)(di)人謂(wei)之(zhi)“鍋坑(keng)”，小的直(zhi)徑500米左右(you)，大(da)(da)的直(zhi)徑2000米，彼此連綿成群。

水文

甘(gan)肅小隴(long)山國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)有嘉(jia)陵(ling)江及其(qi)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)東溝(gou)河、瓦(wa)窯溝(gou)、云鳧河、陳(chen)家溝(gou)等(deng)，水系呈輻(fu)散狀分布，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)向西(xi)和西(xi)北(bei)匯集，注(zhu)入(ru)嘉(jia)陵(ling)江。其(qi)中嘉(jia)陵(ling)江是保護區(qu)大(da)(da)的過境河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，干流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經保護區(qu)西(xi)緣(yuan)。年(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總量8.4×107立方(fang)米(mi)，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量51.68立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)，最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量9800立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)(1981年(nian))，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域平(ping)均(jun)(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)深297.6毫米(mi)。

保護目標

保護對象

甘肅(su)小(xiao)隴(long)山國家(jia)級自然保護區主要(yao)保護對(dui)象是(shi)暖溫帶—亞熱帶過渡(du)地區原始森林生態系(xi)統(tong)，珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)物種，生物多樣性和特殊的自然地理景觀。

動物資源

甘(gan)肅(su)小隴山國家級(ji)自然保護區有野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)魚類(lei)(lei)3目(mu)5科5亞(ya)科15屬(shu)17種，兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)2目(mu)6科6屬(shu)11種，爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)2目(mu)6科17屬(shu)24種，鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)16目(mu)39科199種，哺(bu)乳類(lei)(lei)7目(mu)20科66種。

甘(gan)肅小隴山(shan)國家級自然保護區共有(you)(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)總東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，古(gu)北界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩界(jie)(jie)共有(you)(you)(you)的(de)魚(yu)有(you)(you)(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)兩棲類(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)，古(gu)北界(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，共有(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，純古(gu)北界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)，共有(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)鳥類(lei)(lei)199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，廣(guang)布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古(gu)北界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳類(lei)(lei)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)北界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩界(jie)(jie)共有(you)(you)(you)的(de)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

甘肅小隴山(shan)國家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區共(gong)有國家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)兩(liang)棲爬行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)(lei)中有國家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即金雕；國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即鳶(yuan) 、蒼鷹、雀鷹、松雀鷹、普通鵟、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)隼(sun)(sun)、燕隼(sun)(sun)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)腳隼(sun)(sun)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)腹角雉、勺雞、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、灰鶴、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)角鸮(xiao)(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)(xiao)、領(ling)鵂鹠、斑頭鵂鹠、短耳鸮(xiao)(xiao)、灰林鸮(xiao)(xiao)；保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區有國家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)哺乳類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、云豹(bao)、豹(bao)、林麝， 二(er)級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)哺乳類(lei)(lei)有大靈貓、果子(zi)貍(li)秦(qin)巴亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、狼北(bei)部亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、赤狐蒙新亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、野(ye)豬(zhu)川西亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、林麝、小麂指(zhi)(zhi)名亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、毛冠(guan)鹿(lu)指(zhi)(zhi)名亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鬣羚(ling)、斑羚(ling)等10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。  （以上數據截止2014年）

植物資源

物(wu)種(zhong)基(ji)本組成：保(bao)護區共有種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)123科(ke)、561屬、1258種(zhong)（含種(zhong)以下等級）。其中(zhong)裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)6科(ke)12屬18種(zhong)；被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)雙子葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)105科(ke)448屬1057種(zhong)，單子葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)12科(ke)101屬183種(zhong)。

區(qu)系(xi)地理(li)成分(fen)：保護區(qu)的(de)植物地理(li)成分(fen)復雜(za)，具有中國所有的(de)15個分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)類(lei)型，其中屬(shu)(shu)于世界分(fen)布(bu)的(de)有56個屬(shu)(shu)，屬(shu)(shu)于熱(re)帶或(huo)以熱(re)帶為中心分(fen)布(bu)的(de)類(lei)型有128屬(shu)(shu)、244種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)占總數的(de)22.9%、19.4%；屬(shu)(shu)于溫(wen)(wen)帶性質(zhi)的(de)類(lei)型有376屬(shu)(shu)、806種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)占總數的(de)67.2%、64.5%。顯然北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶分(fen)布(bu)的(de)屬(shu)(shu)數、種(zhong)(zhong)數多，溫(wen)(wen)帶屬(shu)(shu)性是保護區(qu)植物區(qu)系(xi)的(de)基本(ben)特點。

從科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)統計看，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于世(shi)界廣布(bu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)34科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56屬(shu)(shu)(shu)202種(zhong)，分(fen)別占(zhan)自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)總的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)27.6%、10%和16.1%；屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于熱帶分(fen)布(bu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)55科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)128屬(shu)(shu)(shu)244種(zhong)，分(fen)別占(zhan)自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)總的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)44.7%、22.9%和19.5%；而屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于溫帶分(fen)布(bu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)86科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)375屬(shu)(shu)(shu)807種(zhong)，分(fen)別占(zhan)自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)總的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)69.9%、67%64.4%。（以上(shang)數(shu)據截止2014年）

區域范圍

保(bao)護(hu)區總面(mian)積31938平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，核心區面(mian)積10 256平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，緩沖區面(mian)積10158平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，實驗區面(mian)積11524平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米。

旅游景區

云幈寺

云(yun)幈(ping)寺(si)座(zuo)落于云(yun)幈(ping)鄉北端，占地約兩畝，有大殿(dian)、經室、廂房、齋院和(he)山門。大殿(dian)中供奉著如來佛、觀(guan)世(shi)音菩(pu)薩等眾神像，山門中面目(mu)猙(zheng)獰(ning)的(de)靈官塑像，山門上(shang)(shang)有一幅隸(li)書對聯(lian)(lian)，上(shang)(shang)聯(lian)(lian)是(shi)“存心邪(xie)僻(pi) 任(ren)爾燒香無點益”，下聯(lian)(lian)是(shi)“持身正大 見吾(wu)不拜有何妨”。

古峽棧道

在觀(guan)音峽(xia)峽(xia)谷左面的峭(qiao)壁上，留有古棧(zhan)(zhan)道遺跡十余(yu)處，據說漢劉邦(bang)當年退(tui)出咸陽入漢中時，為向項羽表(biao)明(ming)自己無心奪中原而火燒棧(zhan)(zhan)道，燒的就是(shi)(shi)這條棧(zhan)(zhan)道。后來韓信明(ming)修棧(zhan)(zhan)道，暗渡陳倉(cang)，佯(yang)裝(zhuang)修復的也(ye)是(shi)(shi)這條棧(zhan)(zhan)道。1949年7月，寶雞解放(fang)后，戰敗的國民黨胡宗南殘部214師也(ye)是(shi)(shi)取此(ci)道南逃四川的。