1982年經(jing)甘肅省(sheng)人民(min)政府批準,成立(li)“天水地區頭二三灘(tan)自然保護區”。
2006年經國(guo)務院辦公廳(ting)批準晉升(sheng)為(wei)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu),更名為(wei)“甘肅甘肅小隴山國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)”。
甘(gan)肅甘(gan)肅小隴山國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區位(wei)于中秦嶺的西(xi)端,地理(li)坐(zuo)標為東經(jing)106°13′10″~106°33′06″、北(bei)緯33°35′12″~33°45′11″。保(bao)護(hu)區東西(xi)長31.5公(gong)里,南(nan)北(bei)寬18.5公(gong)里。
甘肅甘肅小隴山國家級自然保護區屬于(yu)典型(xing)的(de)熔(rong)巖地(di)貌(mao),局(ju)部地(di)段發育大(da)面積喀斯特(te)(te)地(di)貌(mao)。山頂發育的(de)喀斯特(te)(te)漏斗,形狀仿(fang)佛農家使(shi)用的(de)大(da)鍋,當(dang)地(di)人謂之(zhi)“鍋坑”,小的(de)直徑500米左右,大(da)的(de)直徑2000米,彼此(ci)連(lian)綿成群(qun)。
甘肅(su)小隴山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)有嘉(jia)陵(ling)江及其(qi)支流(liu)東溝河(he)、瓦窯溝、云(yun)鳧河(he)、陳(chen)家溝等,水系呈輻散狀分(fen)布,最后向西和西北匯集,注入嘉(jia)陵(ling)江。其(qi)中嘉(jia)陵(ling)江是保護(hu)區(qu)大(da)的過(guo)境(jing)河(he)流(liu),干流(liu)流(liu)經保護(hu)區(qu)西緣。年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)總(zong)量(liang)8.4×107立方(fang)米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均流(liu)量(liang)51.68立方(fang)米/秒,最大(da)流(liu)量(liang)9800立方(fang)米/秒(1981年(nian)(nian)),流(liu)域平(ping)均徑(jing)流(liu)深297.6毫米。
甘肅(su)小隴山國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)主要保(bao)護對象是暖溫帶—亞熱帶過渡地(di)區(qu)原(yuan)始森林(lin)生態系統,珍稀(xi)瀕危物種,生物多樣性(xing)和特(te)殊(shu)的自然地(di)理景觀。
甘肅小隴山國家級自(zi)然保護區有(you)野生(sheng)動(dong)物魚類(lei)(lei)3目5科(ke)(ke)5亞科(ke)(ke)15屬17種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)2目6科(ke)(ke)6屬11種(zhong)(zhong),爬行(xing)動(dong)物2目6科(ke)(ke)17屬24種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)16目39科(ke)(ke)199種(zhong)(zhong),哺乳類(lei)(lei)7目20科(ke)(ke)66種(zhong)(zhong)。
甘肅小隴山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區共(gong)有(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中總東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)共(gong)有(you)(you)的(de)魚(yu)有(you)(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),共(gong)有(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),純古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you),共(gong)有(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳類(lei)(lei)(lei),其中古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)共(gong)有(you)(you)的(de)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
甘(gan)肅小(xiao)隴(long)山國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區共有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)5種(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)28種(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)兩棲爬(pa)行動物(wu)1種(zhong);鳥類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)1種(zhong),即金(jin)雕;國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)18種(zhong),即鳶 、蒼鷹、雀(que)鷹、松雀(que)鷹、普通鵟、紅(hong)隼、燕隼、紅(hong)腳隼、紅(hong)腹角(jiao)雉、勺雞、紅(hong)腹錦雞、灰(hui)鶴、紅(hong)角(jiao)鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、領鵂(xiu)鹠(liu)、斑頭(tou)鵂(xiu)鹠(liu)、短耳(er)鸮(xiao)、灰(hui)林(lin)鸮(xiao);保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)哺乳類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong),為(wei)羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、云(yun)豹、豹、林(lin)麝, 二(er)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)哺乳類(lei)(lei)有(you)大靈(ling)貓(mao)、果子貍秦(qin)巴亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、狼北部亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、赤狐(hu)蒙新(xin)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、野(ye)豬川西亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、林(lin)麝、小(xiao)麂指(zhi)名亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、毛(mao)冠鹿指(zhi)名亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)、鬣羚(ling)、斑羚(ling)等10種(zhong)。 (以上數據截止(zhi)2014年)
物種(zhong)(zhong)基本組成:保護區共有種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物123科、561屬、1258種(zhong)(zhong)(含種(zhong)(zhong)以下等級)。其(qi)中(zhong)裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物6科12屬18種(zhong)(zhong);被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物中(zhong)的雙(shuang)子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物105科448屬1057種(zhong)(zhong),單子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物12科101屬183種(zhong)(zhong)。
區(qu)系地(di)理成分:保護區(qu)的植(zhi)(zhi)物地(di)理成分復雜,具有(you)(you)(you)中國所有(you)(you)(you)的15個分布(bu)(bu)區(qu)類(lei)型,其中屬(shu)(shu)于世界分布(bu)(bu)的有(you)(you)(you)56個屬(shu)(shu),屬(shu)(shu)于熱帶(dai)或以熱帶(dai)為中心(xin)分布(bu)(bu)的類(lei)型有(you)(you)(you)128屬(shu)(shu)、244種,分別占總數(shu)的22.9%、19.4%;屬(shu)(shu)于溫(wen)帶(dai)性質的類(lei)型有(you)(you)(you)376屬(shu)(shu)、806種,分別占總數(shu)的67.2%、64.5%。顯然北溫(wen)帶(dai)分布(bu)(bu)的屬(shu)(shu)數(shu)、種數(shu)多,溫(wen)帶(dai)屬(shu)(shu)性是(shi)保護區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系的基(ji)本特點。
從科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)分(fen)布型(xing)統計(ji)看,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)世(shi)界廣布型(xing)的(de)有(you)(you)34科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56屬(shu)(shu)(shu)202種(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)占自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)總的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的(de)27.6%、10%和16.1%;屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)熱帶(dai)分(fen)布型(xing)的(de)有(you)(you)55科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)128屬(shu)(shu)(shu)244種(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)占自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)總的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的(de)44.7%、22.9%和19.5%;而屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)布型(xing)的(de)有(you)(you)86科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)375屬(shu)(shu)(shu)807種(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)占自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)總的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的(de)69.9%、67%64.4%。(以上數據截止2014年(nian))
保護區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積31938平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),核(he)心區面(mian)(mian)積10 256平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),緩沖區面(mian)(mian)積10158平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),實驗區面(mian)(mian)積11524平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。
云幈(ping)寺座(zuo)落于云幈(ping)鄉北(bei)端,占地約兩(liang)畝,有大殿(dian)、經室(shi)、廂房、齋院和(he)山(shan)門(men)。大殿(dian)中供奉(feng)著如來佛、觀世音菩薩等(deng)眾神(shen)像,山(shan)門(men)中面目猙獰的靈官塑像,山(shan)門(men)上有一幅隸書對聯(lian),上聯(lian)是“存心邪僻 任爾(er)燒香無點益(yi)”,下聯(lian)是“持身正大 見吾不拜有何妨”。
在觀音峽峽谷左面的峭壁上,留有(you)古棧(zhan)道(dao)遺(yi)跡十余(yu)處,據說漢(han)劉邦當年(nian)退(tui)出咸陽入漢(han)中(zhong)時,為向項羽表(biao)明自(zi)己(ji)無心奪中(zhong)原而火燒(shao)棧(zhan)道(dao),燒(shao)的就(jiu)是這條棧(zhan)道(dao)。后(hou)來韓信明修棧(zhan)道(dao),暗渡陳倉,佯裝修復的也(ye)(ye)是這條棧(zhan)道(dao)。1949年(nian)7月,寶雞解放后(hou),戰敗的國民黨胡宗南殘部214師也(ye)(ye)是取(qu)此道(dao)南逃(tao)四川的。