貴州沿河(he)(he)烏江國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公園位于沿河(he)(he)自治(zhi)縣(xian)東部,東起(qi)沿河(he)(he)縣(xian)城,西(xi)至思渠(qu)河(he)(he)口縣(xian)境內烏江主河(he)(he)道和支流白泥河(he)(he),以及周邊山體和漫灘,總面(mian)積(ji)1136.35公頃,其中濕(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)為561公頃,濕(shi)地率為49%。
貴(gui)州(zhou)沿(yan)河烏江國(guo)家濕地公園位于貴(gui)州(zhou)省沿(yan)河土家族自治縣、總(zong)面積1136.35公頃。
貴州(zhou)沿河(he)(he)(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)國家濕(shi)地公園位(wei)于貴州(zhou)省(sheng)東(dong)北部、銅(tong)仁市西部、沿河(he)(he)(he)土家族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)中東(dong)部,規(gui)劃(hua)區(qu)東(dong)起(qi)烏(wu)江(jiang)支(zhi)流(liu)白泥河(he)(he)(he),向西至(zhi)白泥河(he)(he)(he)與烏(wu)江(jiang)交匯口,南起(qi)烏(wu)江(jiang)沿河(he)(he)(he)二橋向北至(zhi)麻陽河(he)(he)(he)口。包括烏(wu)江(jiang)部分主河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)、支(zhi)流(liu)白泥河(he)(he)(he)及周邊(bian)河(he)(he)(he)漫灘和部分峽谷。規(gui)劃(hua)區(qu)自(zi)東(dong)向西依次涉及沙子鎮(zhen)(zhen)、和平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、黑(hei)獺鄉、黑(hei)水鄉和思(si)渠鎮(zhen)(zhen)。坐(zuo)標(biao)為東(dong)經108°19'45"—108°37'46",北緯28°34'26"—28°40'45",規(gui)劃(hua)總面(mian)積(ji)1136.35hm2,其(qi)中濕(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)為560.86hm2,占總面(mian)積(ji)的49.36%。
2013年12月31日經(jing)國家林業局(ju)專家組(zu)實地考察評估、集體(ti)評審和公(gong)示(shi),并以國家林業局(ju)《關于(yu)同意天津武清永定河故道(dao)等131處濕(shi)地開(kai)展(zhan)國家濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)試點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)的通知(zhi)》(林濕(shi)發[2013]243號)文件,同意貴州(zhou)沿河烏(wu)江濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)為國家級(ji)濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)試點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)。
野生植物
沿(yan)河烏江國家濕地(di)公園(yuan)管理局(ju)(ju)正(zheng)式掛牌成立(li),為該縣林業(ye)局(ju)(ju)管理的正(zheng)科級事業(ye)單位,負責資源保護。
貴州(zhou)沿河(he)(he)烏江國家濕(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地處武陵山區,適宜的(de)地形和地貌條件(jian),發育了(le)獨特的(de)山地河(he)(he)流濕(shi)地系統,保存了(le)較(jiao)為(wei)原始(shi)的(de)濕(shi)地景觀(guan)。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內共(gong)有(you)濕(shi)生(sheng)和水生(sheng)維管(guan)束(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)23科(ke)(ke)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別占(zhan)我國濕(shi)地維管(guan)束(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)數、總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)17.0%、4.7%。列入(ru)《重點(dian)保護野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄(lu)》的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)就有(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中國家I級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國家II級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內古(gu)樹名(ming)木較(jiao)多,2013年(nian)規(gui)劃組野外(wai)調(diao)查共(gong)記(ji)錄(lu)72株,其(qi)中河(he)(he)灘上胸徑大(da)于(yu)50公分的(de)楓楊(yang)63株。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內共(gong)有(you)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)33目93科(ke)(ke)369種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中,魚類115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),達氏鱘(xun)、烏江副鰍、齊口(kou)裂腹(fu)魚等27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長江上游特有(you)魚類在濕(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)烏江段均有(you)分布;兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥類172種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)國家I級(ji)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)達氏鱘(xun)、林麝(she),國家Ⅱ級(ji)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括胭脂魚、大(da)鯢、鴛鴦等;有(you)列入(ru)《中國瀕(bin)危(wei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)紅皮書(shu)》易危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)紅點(dian)齒蟾、棘(ji)腹(fu)蛙、鱉、王錦蛇等;有(you)列為(wei)瀕(bin)危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即尖吻蝮、貴州(zhou)菊頭蝠、大(da)靈貓(mao)、林麝(she)、斑羚;有(you)列為(wei)極危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即大(da)鯢。
貴(gui)州沿河烏江森林公園內(nei),烏江兩岸聳立的(de)喀斯特地貌和(he)山巒巖壑(he)幽深,纖道(dao)絕壁,怪(guai)石(shi)嵯峨(e),銀泉飛(fei)瀑,水(shui)光鳥影;白泥(ni)河灘洲交錯,岸邊古樹(shu)多(duo)姿,共同構成了一幅山水(shui)交融、水(shui)天一色的(de)秀麗畫卷(juan)。
自然景觀
貴州(zhou)沿河(he)(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)以低山河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為主體,以低山河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)與(yu)周邊森林組成獨特的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)與(yu)森林復(fu)合(he)生態系統,在我(wo)省及我(wo)國(guo)西(xi)南地(di)(di)(di)(di)區具有(you)典型性和(he)(he)代表性,具有(you)較高的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)宣教(jiao)價(jia)值。通過貴州(zhou)沿河(he)(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的規劃和(he)(he)建(jian)設(she),將有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)護烏(wu)江(jiang)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生態系統,保(bao)(bao)護長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)珍稀(xi)的魚類資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)鳥類資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),發揮烏(wu)江(jiang)調蓄洪(hong)水、涵養水源(yuan)(yuan)、調節區域(yu)氣候和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)護生物多(duo)樣性等多(duo)種(zhong)生態效(xiao)益。同時,充(chong)分利用(yong)規劃區現有(you)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生態資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)土家民族文(wen)化特色,開展濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)科普(pu)宣教(jiao)和(he)(he)休(xiu)閑(xian)游憩(qi)活動,將貴州(zhou)沿河(he)(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設(she)成為長(chang)江(jiang)上游云貴高原地(di)(di)(di)(di)區代表性的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。