芒果视频下载

基本介紹

泉(quan)水灣濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于(yu)(yu)阜陽市潁泉(quan)區，地(di)處沃野千里的淮北(bei)平(ping)原腹地(di)，介于(yu)(yu)東(dong)經115°33′～115°55′、北(bei)緯(wei)32°54′～33°07′之間。泉(quan)水灣位于(yu)(yu)泉(quan)河(he)(he)北(bei)畔，南(nan)臨泉(quan)河(he)(he)，東(dong)起泉(quan)穎閘，西起坎河(he)(he)溜閘，位于(yu)(yu)老泉(quan)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)道(dao)上，全長15千米，規劃總面積452公(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕地(di)總面積為(wei)288.47公(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)土(tu)地(di)總面積的63.82%。

根(gen)據《全(quan)國濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源調(diao)查技術規程（試行）》的分(fen)類系統，參照安(an)徽省第二(er)次濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源調(diao)查結果，濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園內濕(shi)地(di)(di)主要(yao)為自然河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)（水(shui)面及(ji)河灘地(di)(di)），還有一小部分(fen)的庫塘濕(shi)地(di)(di)。

地理環境

水文氣候

潁(ying)泉(quan)(quan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)灣濕(shi)地公園地處亞熱帶和(he)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶的(de)過渡區域(yu)，屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕(shi)潤季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明，關(guan)照充足，雨量(liang)(liang)充沛，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.9℃，無霜期220天，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)910毫米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.5℃~15.0℃，1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)1.0℃~1.2℃，7月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)28℃；常(chang)年(nian)(nian)月(yue)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)波動幅度(du)(du)以(yi)2月(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)，可達9℃，以(yi)9月(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)，一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)3.5℃；極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)接近37℃，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值(zhi)在(zai)(zai)—12℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)；年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無霜期221天。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)950mm左(zuo)右(you)(you)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為1722mm，最(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為389.6mm。地區年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)1600~1930mm，隨季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化(hua)而不等，以(yi)夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)，春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)于(yu)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)年(nian)(nian)之中，6月(yue)份蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)，1月(yue)份蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)。泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)灣濕(shi)地公園位于(yu)半濕(shi)潤區域(yu)，相對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)穩定。3~6月(yue)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，在(zai)(zai)82％以(yi)上；10月(yue)至翌年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)78％以(yi)下(xia)；全年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)為80％。

榮譽及其他

濕地植物

經本次調查初步(bu)統計潁泉(quan)區(qu)泉(quan)水灣濕地(di)公園共有(you)維管植(zhi)物(wu)46科(ke)90屬(shu)102種（含種下分類(lei)單位，下同(tong)），其(qi)中蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)3科(ke)3屬(shu)3種，裸子植(zhi)物(wu)2科(ke)2屬(shu)2種，被子植(zhi)物(wu)41科(ke)85屬(shu)97種。在被子植(zhi)物(wu)中雙子葉植(zhi)物(wu)34科(ke)69屬(shu)78種；單子葉植(zhi)物(wu)7科(ke)16屬(shu)19種。

阜陽(yang)潁(ying)泉區泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灣濕地公園的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管(guan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)在(zai)皖北還算是(shi)比較豐富的，共有19科34屬(shu)40種(zhong)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)濕地植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)在(zai)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的作用與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)基質、大(da)氣、光(guang)照(zhao)及其(qi)形(xing)態結構(gou)密(mi)切相關，因此濕地植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活型可以(yi)分為以(yi)下5種(zhong)：A.挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)：根(gen)系(xi)(xi)著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)基質，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)大(da)部分挺出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)接受光(guang)照(zhao)，缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)可耐潮濕性(xing)陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；B.浮葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)：根(gen)系(xi)(xi)懸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)，葉浮于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)接受光(guang)照(zhao)，葉柄長(chang)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)因變(bian)態莖上的葉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)不同(tong)而葉片浮于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)不耐干旱(han)；C.濕沼(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)：根(gen)系(xi)(xi)著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)潮濕或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)(jing)基質，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濕或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)沼(zhao)澤環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)完成生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活周(zhou)期(qi)，花序(xu)挺出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)，風媒或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)蟲媒；D.沉(chen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)：根(gen)系(xi)(xi)著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)基質，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)沉(chen)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)，花序(xu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)花各(ge)部簡化，花期(qi)露出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)媒或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)自花傳粉；E.耐濕植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)：近(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活周(zhou)期(qi)能適應階段性(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濕與干旱(han)，往往花果期(qi)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)后種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)(jing)，為濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的重要一員(yuan)。

按上(shang)述不同生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活型劃(hua)分濕(shi)地公園內水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有挺水(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)6種，浮葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3種，濕(shi)沼(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)19種，沉(chen)水(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3種，耐濕(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9種。在皖北(bei)濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統中多(duo)樣性明顯(xian)，但(dan)以濕(shi)沼(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)耐濕(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)較(jiao)多(duo)。從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境條件(jian)來看，此兩類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活型分布于(yu)水(shui)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境與(yu)中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環境間的過渡帶。

根(gen)據1984年國(guo)務院(yuan)環境保護(hu)委員(yuan)會公布《中國(guo)珍(zhen)稀瀕危保護(hu)植物名(ming)錄(lu)》和1999年國(guo)務院(yuan)批準公布的《國(guo)家重點保護(hu)野生植物名(ming)錄(lu)(第一批)》，濕(shi)地公園內現(xian)有國(guo)家I級保護(hu)的有1種，即(ji)銀(yin)杏，屬(shu)(shu)銀(yin)杏科、銀(yin)杏屬(shu)(shu)，單(dan)屬(shu)(shu)單(dan)種落葉大喬木(mu)。屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護(hu)的一種，即(ji)蓮。

濕地動物

泉(quan)水灣濕(shi)地擁有十分豐(feng)富的動物資源(yuan)，共(gong)記錄到野生脊椎動物198種，隸屬于(yu)29目55科。

泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)灣濕(shi)(shi)地(di)屬(shu)淮(huai)河水(shui)系(xi)，淡水(shui)魚類資源豐(feng)富(fu)。經本次(ci)初(chu)步調查，在(zai)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)灣濕(shi)(shi)地(di)共發(fa)現有(you)(you)41種(zhong)(zhong)魚類分布，以鯉形(xing)(xing)目(mu)為主。其中，鯉形(xing)(xing)目(mu)2科(ke)34種(zhong)(zhong)，非鯉形(xing)(xing)目(mu)7科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)；泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)灣濕(shi)(shi)地(di)分布有(you)(you)兩棲動物1目(mu)3科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)，分布有(you)(you)爬(pa)行動物6種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)于3目(mu)3科(ke)。泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)灣濕(shi)(shi)地(di)內的(de)哺乳類已(yi)知(zhi)有(you)(you)5目(mu)7科(ke)14種(zhong)(zhong)，從種(zhong)(zhong)數看，以嚙(nie)齒目(mu)2科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)，食肉目(mu)2科(ke)2種(zhong)(zhong)為主（見(jian)表5），具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)農田水(shui)域獸類特征(zheng)。

調查發現，泉(quan)水灣濕地(di)共分(fen)布有(you)(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)130種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于15目33科。在130種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中，雀形目計有(you)(you)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)內分(fen)布的(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)44.6%，其中僅鹟(weng)科就(jiu)有(you)(you)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多的(de)一(yi)科；另有(you)(you)非雀形目鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)72種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，共占(zhan)濕地(di)公園(yuan)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)55.4%。從鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型上看，泉(quan)水灣濕地(di)公園(yuan)分(fen)布有(you)(you)游(you)禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、涉禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、陸禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、攀(pan)禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、猛禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、鳴(ming)禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等。在130種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中，留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)27.7%，夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)18.5%，冬(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)29.2%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)

泉水(shui)灣濕地內分布著多種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)重點保護(hu)野(ye)生動物，這些國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)保護(hu)動物全部為鳥類(lei)，包括白(bai)琵鷺、白(bai)額雁、小天鵝、黑鳶、雀鷹(ying)(ying)、普通鵟、白(bai)尾鷂(yao)、鵲鷂(yao)、紅隼、燕(yan)隼、阿穆爾(er)隼、褐翅鴉鵑、鷹(ying)(ying)鸮、短耳鸮等共計14種(zhong)(zhong)，占該濕地脊椎動物總數（198種(zhong)(zhong)）的7.1％。

在泉水灣濕地內(nei)還分布有38種(zhong)安(an)徽(hui)省省級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物。其中(zhong)，兩(liang)棲類(lei)中(zhong)金(jin)線蛙、黑斑蛙、中(zhong)華蟾蜍(chu)(chu)、花(hua)背(bei)蟾蜍(chu)(chu)等(deng)4種(zhong)為(wei)安(an)徽(hui)省級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物。爬(pa)行類(lei)中(zhong)，中(zhong)華鱉、烏梢(shao)蛇2種(zhong)被列(lie)為(wei)安(an)徽(hui)省重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物。獸(shou)類(lei)中(zhong)，有2種(zhong)省級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物，即豹貓和黃(huang)鼬(you)。鳥(niao)類(lei)中(zhong)，含(han)30種(zhong)被列(lie)為(wei)省級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護的野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物，如綠頭鴨、花(hua)臉(lian)鴨、鴻雁、豆(dou)雁、大杜鵑(juan)、灰頭綠啄木鳥(niao)、金(jin)腰燕、棕背(bei)伯勞、黑枕(zhen)黃(huang)鸝(li)、灰喜鵲、環(huan)頸雉等(deng)。