一.產品介紹
簡介
菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)果(guo)實闊倒(dao)卵形,果(guo)形微偏微凹,果(guo)臍(qi)部有放射狀溝紋,似(si)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)形而(er)得名。果(guo)肉深紅色(se),紅晶透(tou)亮(liang),肉質脆嫩,風味濃美,化(hua)渣爽口(kou),甜酸(suan)適口(kou),營(ying)養豐富,耐貯耐運,品質優良。自問(wen)世以來,一直(zhi)被譽為柚(you)中珍品,擁有天然“水(shui)果(guo)罐頭(tou)”之美稱。2007年(nian)度張(zhang)家界菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)榮獲全(quan)市(shi)柑桔鑒(jian)評“優質獎”。
形態特征
張家界菊花芯柚屬于蕓香科柚類,葉型長橢圓形,樹勢強健,常綠喬木,樹冠自然圓頭形,樹姿開張,花瓣肥厚呈白色,花大。總狀花序或穗狀花序,以無葉花序居多,經濟壽命100年左右。據測定:內含可溶性固形物10.5-11.6%;每100克果汁中含總糖7.86克(ke),還原(yuan)糖2.80克(ke),含(han)(han)(han)總酸0.68克(ke),含(han)(han)(han)維生(sheng)素C100.53毫(hao)克(ke),含(han)(han)(han)鈣28.43毫(hao)克(ke),含(han)(han)(han)鐵0.092毫(hao)克(ke),含(han)(han)(han)鋅1.05毫(hao)克(ke)。具有降(jiang)血(xue)壓(ya)、降(jiang)血(xue)脂、減血(xue)栓、助消化(hua)(hua)、止咳化(hua)(hua)痰、健脾、減肥美(mei)容等功效。
菊花芯柚屬于中熟品種,11月下旬(xun)至(zhi)12上旬(xun)成熟采收上市,極耐貯(zhu)運。果實采收后在常溫(wen)下貯(zhu)藏(zang)210-260天仍可保持優良品質(zhi),無(wu)粒化,肉脆味(wei)美(mei)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)貌(mao)特征(zheng)與(yu)土(tu)壤環(huan)境:永定區位(wei)(wei)于(yu)武陵山脈(mo)腹地(di),地(di)貌(mao)以山丘(qiu)為主(zhu),地(di)勢(shi)是南(nan)、北部高往(wang)澧(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域傾斜,中部低洼。張家界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)芯柚(you)主(zhu)產區位(wei)(wei)于(yu)澧(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域海拔100m-300m之(zhi)間低丘(qiu)、平(ping)原地(di)帶,土(tu)質(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)、透氣(qi)、保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、保(bao)肥(fei)(fei),pH值(zhi)在4.5~8.0之(zhi)間,有(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)11~70g/㎏,全氮0.85~2.90g/㎏,堿解氮55~280㎎/㎏,有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)磷7.5~120㎎/㎏,速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀(jia)35~320㎎/㎏,富含多(duo)種(zhong)礦物元素,結構疏松,是張家界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)芯柚(you)生長(chang)的(de)獨特土(tu)壤條件(jian)。 (2)氣(qi)候情況:產區屬中亞熱帶山原型季風濕潤氣(qi)候,溫度(du)適(shi)宜,雨量(liang)充沛,日照(zhao)充足,四季分明。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫16.8℃,1月平(ping)均(jun)溫度(du)≥4℃,絕對最低溫度(du)≥-3.5℃,≥10℃的(de)年積溫4800℃以上,年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1400mm,年平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)1450 h以上,這(zhe)種(zhong)氣(qi)候環(huan)境非常(chang)適(shi)合張家界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)芯柚(you)的(de)生長(chang)。 (3)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:永定區位(wei)(wei)于(yu)澧(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河中上游,澧(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流貫(guan)全境,全長(chang)91公里。沿河兩岸有(you)許多(duo)蓄、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程,與(yu)大(da)小山塘、河壩、水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫渠(qu)(qu)道(dao)相(xiang)通,柚(you)園內有(you)大(da)小蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)池、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(溝)相(xiang)連,地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好,清澈透明,為張家界(jie)(jie)(jie)菊花(hua)芯柚(you)生產基地(di)提供了十分有(you)利(li)的(de)灌溉條件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
張家(jia)界菊(ju)花芯柚農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)(di)域保護(hu)范圍包括永(yong)定區西溪坪街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、陽湖坪街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、楓香崗(gang)街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、后坪街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、沙堤(di)街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、茅巖(yan)河鎮(zhen)、新橋(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)、合作橋(qiao)(qiao)鄉(xiang)、尹家(jia)溪鎮(zhen)、教字埡鎮(zhen)、橋(qiao)(qiao)頭鄉(xiang)11個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)街道辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)。地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)(biao)位于(yu):東經110°17′00.0″-110°38′17.4″,北(bei)緯29°05′39.2″-29°12′22.1″。基地(di)(di)總(zong)生產(chan)面積1333.3公頃,年總(zong)產(chan)量30000噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征(zheng):張家界菊花芯柚果實闊(kuo)倒(dao)卵形,果頂微扁微凹(ao),果臍部有放(fang)射狀溝紋,似菊花形,果面色(se)澤(ze)淡黃色(se),較光滑,白皮層微帶紅暈(yun),不易剝(bo)離,囊(nang)瓣腎(shen)形。果肉淡紅,肉質(zhi)脆嫩化渣,甜酸可口,風味濃。 (2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:可溶(rong)性固形物含量≥10.5 %,可滴(di)定酸≤0.4g/100g,果肉含維(wei)生素C≥25.0mg/100g。 (3)安全(quan)要求:符(fu)合(he)GB2762和GB2763等規定。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)要求 張(zhang)家界(jie)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)(you)(you)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)遠離(li)工廠、村莊和(he)住宅(zhai)區,附近(jin)沒(mei)有(you)污染源(yuan)(yuan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域海拔100m-300m之間(jian)(jian)低丘、平原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,坡(po)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25°以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)要求為(wei)河流(liu)沖積(ji)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu),pH值6.5—7.5,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位離(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面1m以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)符合NY/391-2013綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)要求。 (2)砧(zhen)木(mu)、接穗選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特定(ding)(ding)(ding)要求 適(shi)宜張(zhang)家界(jie)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)砧(zhen)木(mu)有(you)枳(zhi)砧(zhen)和(he)酸柚(you)(you)(you),接穗來源(yuan)(yuan)張(zhang)家界(jie)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)種園,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按(an)GB/T9659《柑(gan)桔嫁(jia)接苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)分(fen)級(ji)及(ji)(ji)檢驗》執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),提倡栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫毒(du)容器(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。容器(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)可(ke)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),裸根苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬~11月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬秋梢(shao)老熟后(hou)或(huo)(huo)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬~3月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬春梢(shao)萌芽前(qian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)枳(zhi)砧(zhen)嫁(jia)接苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)44株(zhu)﹙5m×3m﹚,坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)55株(zhu)﹙4m×3m﹚;酸柚(you)(you)(you)砧(zhen)嫁(jia)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33株(zhu)﹙5m×4m﹚;坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)42株(zhu)﹙4m×4m﹚。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)剪掉(diao)根系彎曲部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen),舒(shu)展根系,再(zai)放(fang)入(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),邊(bian)培(pei)土(tu)邊(bian)向上(shang)(shang)(shang)輕提,使根系充分(fen)與(yu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)結(jie)合,并扶正、踏緊,使根頸部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)稍高于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)柚(you)(you)(you)子苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)形(xing)成直(zhi)徑100cm左右樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan),灌足定(ding)(ding)(ding)根水(shui)(shui)(shui)。用(yong)安江(jiang)糯米(mi)柚(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)授粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),按(an)10:1的(de)(de)比例配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)。 (3)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) ①土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao):柚(you)(you)(you)園提倡生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei),草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao)(cao)、黑麥草(cao)(cao)等(deng)為(wei)宜;幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、黃(huang)豆(dou)、西瓜、蔬菜等(deng)農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)。草(cao)(cao)類或(huo)(huo)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)要適(shi)時(shi)(shi)刈割翻埋于(yu)(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)或(huo)(huo)覆(fu)(fu)蓋于(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)。 覆(fu)(fu)蓋與(yu)培(pei)土(tu):封(feng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)于(yu)(yu)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)覆(fu)(fu)蓋,用(yong)雜草(cao)(cao)、稻草(cao)(cao)、作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)莖桿將(jiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)(xia)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)蓋上(shang)(shang)(shang);高溫或(huo)(huo)干旱季(ji)(ji)節,提倡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)內(nei)(nei)用(yong)秸桿覆(fu)(fu)蓋,厚(hou)度(du)10~15cm,覆(fu)(fu)蓋物(wu)(wu)應(ying)與(yu)根莖保持10cm左右的(de)(de)距離(li)。培(pei)土(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)中(zhong)耕松土(tu)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 ②施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)次(ci)梢(shao)抽(chou)前(qian)10d—15d及(ji)(ji)抽(chou)梢(shao)后(hou)10d—15d各(ge)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)1—2次(ci),頂芽自剪至新梢(shao)轉綠前(qian)結(jie)合病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面追肥(fei)1—2次(ci)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)環(huan)狀溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)、條(tiao)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)、穴(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)土(tu)面撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)外(wai)圍處(chu)(chu),挖(wa)穴(xue)長50cm×寬20cm×深10cm,東西、南北對(dui)(dui)稱輪換位置(zhi)(zhi)。下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)灌溉后(hou)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)面撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素,提倡水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)一(yi)體化(hua)。 ③整形(xing)修(xiu)剪 整形(xing):采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)自然(ran)開心形(xing),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干高50~60cm,選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)4~5個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)距50~60cm,各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)3~5個(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3m以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。 幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(1~4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))修(xiu)剪:修(xiu)剪宜輕。對(dui)(dui)選(xuan)(xuan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心干和(he)各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)適(shi)度(du)短(duan)截,對(dui)(dui)過密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)和(he)擾亂(luan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)的(de)(de)交叉(cha)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重疊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)適(shi)當疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪或(huo)(huo)短(duan)截,其它枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)均(jun)可(ke)不修(xiu)剪,內(nei)(nei)膛枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較弱的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)一(yi)般(ban)均(jun)應(ying)保留(liu)。 初結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(5~10年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))修(xiu)剪:以(yi)(yi)(yi)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪修(xiu)剪為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。重點是控(kong)制(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),對(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)外(wai)圍過密的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun),按(an)“三(san)去(qu)(qu)一(yi)、五(wu)(wu)去(qu)(qu)二(er)”的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),將(jiang)直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、長勢(shi)強的(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)衰(shuai)弱的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu),保留(liu)長勢(shi)中(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)剪:短(duan)截與(yu)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪修(xiu)剪相結(jie)合。及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)回(hui)縮結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組和(he)衰(shuai)退枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,剪除枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)較擁擠的(de)(de)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)當疏(shu)(shu)(shu)剪開“側窗”,將(jiang)光線引入(ru)內(nei)(nei)膛。當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較多晚秋梢(shao)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)抹(mo)除,以(yi)(yi)(yi)免影(ying)響花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽分(fen)化(hua),防(fang)(fang)止大小(xiao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較大時(shi)(shi)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),對(dui)(dui)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)抹(mo)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 授粉:張(zhang)家界(jie)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芯柚(you)(you)(you)自花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)實(shi)(shi)率(lv)高,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)授粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)更(geng)高,不需要人(ren)工授粉。 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):分(fen)2次(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第二(er)次(ci)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。始果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)8—10個(ge),盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增(zeng)長每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)50—150個(ge)。 套袋:在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)單層專用(yong)袋套果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),于(yu)(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)20d摘(zhai)袋。 ⑤病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)清(qing)園:幼年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)底進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)清(qing)園,成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)15d進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)清(qing)園,剪除病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),撿拾落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集中(zhong)銷(xiao)毀。于(yu)(yu)晴天選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)45%結(jie)晶石硫合劑(ji)300倍(bei)液(ye)對(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)。 物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):用(yong)黑光燈和(he)黃(huang)板引誘或(huo)(huo)驅避吸(xi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夜蛾、金龜子、卷葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾、蚜蟲(chong)、粉虱等(deng)害(hai)蟲(chong);人(ren)工捕捉天牛(niu)、蚱蟬、金龜子等(deng)害(hai)蟲(chong)。 化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):選(xuan)(xuan)擇使用(yong)低毒(du)及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),嚴(yan)格掌握(wo)安全間(jian)(jian)隔期(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)45d內(nei)(nei)不使用(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 (4)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)及(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)后(hou)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li) ①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou) 鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)正常成熟,表(biao)現出(chu)本品(pin)(pin)(pin)種固有(you)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特征(色(se)澤、香、風味(wei)和(he)口感(gan)等(deng))時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),貯藏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宜早7~10d采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。用(yong)圓頭果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),要求一(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)兩(liang)剪,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂平齊,分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai),輕拿輕放(fang)。貯運工具必須清(qing)潔、干燥、無異(yi)味(wei)、無污染、防(fang)(fang)雨(yu)(yu)、防(fang)(fang)曬,嚴(yan)禁與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害(hai)、易(yi)污染的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)混裝,混運。 ②商品(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗或(huo)(huo)干洗的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)對(dui)(dui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)清(qing)潔處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li),清(qing)洗用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)須符合相關(guan)安全衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)分(fen)級(ji)依據,共分(fen)五(wu)(wu)級(ji):一(yi)級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1800克(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、二(er)級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1600~1799克(ke)(ke)(ke)、三(san)級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1400~1599克(ke)(ke)(ke)、四級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1200~1399克(ke)(ke)(ke)、五(wu)(wu)級(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000~1199克(ke)(ke)(ke)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)網袋或(huo)(huo)紙(zhi)箱包裝。包裝物(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)應(ying)標示(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種名稱、等(deng)級(ji)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)編號(hao)等(deng)相關(guan)信息。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu):要求在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong),設專人(ren)做(zuo)好以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)(zuo),肥(fei)料(liao)種類、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang),施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名稱、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲、倉儲(chu)、銷(xiao)售等(deng)項目的(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)。建立(li)詳細的(de)(de)投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、田管(guan)(guan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、加工記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、出(chu)入(ru)庫(ku)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)、銷(xiao)售記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)等(deng)。
六.包裝標(biao)識(shi)相關規(gui)定
本規定地域(yu)范圍內(nei)的張(zhang)家(jia)(jia)界菊花芯柚農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包裝上使用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志,須向張(zhang)家(jia)(jia)界市永定區經(jing)濟作(zuo)物管理站提出申請,按照相關要求規范生產(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志,統一采用(yong)張(zhang)家(jia)(jia)界菊花芯柚產(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合的標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。