簡介
富春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)國家水(shui)利風景(jing)區(qu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游。自從(cong)東漢初年嚴子陵隱居于(yu)(yu)此以后,這(zhe)一帶(dai)真是(shi)“人(ren)杰地靈”,出(chu)了不少文(wen)(wen)學家、詩人(ren)、畫家、英雄豪杰。悠(you)悠(you)兩千年,稱(cheng)頌富春山水(shui)和(he)嚴子陵的(de)詩詞歌賦、文(wen)(wen)章圖(tu)畫,汗牛充棟。到了元(yuan)朝,李桓名詩《富春舟中》,劈頭(tou)兩句便是(shi)“天(tian)下佳山水(shui),古今推富春”,這(zhe)是(shi)古人(ren)對(dui)富春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)贊(zan)譽。“不是(shi)漓江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),勝似漓江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”,這(zhe)是(shi)今人(ren)對(dui)富春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)評價,人(ren)們還(huan)把它與長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三(san)峽、桂林漓江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)并(bing)稱(cheng)為我國最(zui)著(zhu)名的(de)三(san)條江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河風光游覽線。
富(fu)春江(jiang)(jiang)景區以(yi)奇山(shan)(shan)異水(shui)聞名(ming)(ming)。其中(zhong)(zhong),申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)和天子崗可謂(wei)奇山(shan)(shan)了(le)。申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)屬富(fu)陽(yang)市,在富(fu)春江(jiang)(jiang)南岸,離(li)東梓只有(you)(you)(you)三(san)公(gong)里左(zuo)右(you)。宋(song)(song)朝人(ren)(ren)陳剛中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)《申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)記》一篇(pian),說這(zhe)(zhe)個山(shan)(shan)“峰巒重復(fu)(fu),端(duan)若拱(gong)揖,應接(jie)不(bu)暇。湍(tuan)水(shui)怪(guai)石(shi),神刻(ke)鬼劃,千巧萬(wan)狀。中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)平田,如設萬(wan)席。挺然僧(seng)寺,出于林表。佳木修(xiu)竹,左(zuo)右(you)交翠。此(ci)(ci)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)(tu)剛違新(xin)室(王莽篡(cuan)漢,改(gai)(gai)國號為(wei)(wei)新(xin))之禍(huo),申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)(tu)蟠晦黨錮之名(ming)(ming),避地(di)結廬(lu),于今千載,子孫因家焉。支派分衍,至百余室。因姓而(er)名(ming)(ming)其山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)復(fu)(fu)以(yi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)屠(tu)(tu)志(zhi)其地(di)。”原來(lai)山(shan)(shan)上有(you)(you)(you)一古廟名(ming)(ming)大雄(xiong)寺,建(jian)于唐(tang)長興三(san)年。唐(tang)末有(you)(you)(you)一高僧(seng)禪(chan)月尊(zun)者,曾在寺內(nei)(nei)畫十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)羅(luo)(luo)漢(羅(luo)(luo)漢系(xi)印度(du)傳入(ru),本(ben)(ben)來(lai)只有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu),宋(song)(song)時有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)添加了(le)兩個,從此(ci)(ci)變成(cheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八),栩栩如生(sheng)。據傳第十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)尊(zun),還是(shi)照著他自(zi)己的相貌畫的。這(zhe)(zhe)位高僧(seng)不(bu)僅善畫,而(er)且工(gong)詩。剛到(dao)(dao)杭州(zhou)(zhou),住在給事中(zhong)(zhong)羅(luo)(luo)隱家里,作詩甚(shen)多,中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)句(ju)“一瓶一缽垂垂老,千水(shui)千山(shan)(shan)得得來(lai)”。羅(luo)(luo)甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)贊賞,推薦給吳越王錢镠(liu)。錢镠(liu)見其所(suo)獻詩中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)句(ju)“一劍寒霜十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)州(zhou)(zhou)”,就命人(ren)(ren)請(qing)他把“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)州(zhou)(zhou)”改(gai)(gai)成(cheng)“四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)州(zhou)(zhou)”。因為(wei)(wei)當(dang)時唐(tang)室凌替,群雄(xiong)并起,錢镠(liu)在占領(ling)吳越十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)州(zhou)(zhou)之后,想南取王審(shen)知(zhi)的福(fu)州(zhou)(zhou),北取楊(yang)行密的揚州(zhou)(zhou),拓“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)州(zhou)(zhou)”為(wei)(wei)“四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)州(zhou)(zhou)”。原本(ben)(ben)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)自(zi)己貴(gui)為(wei)(wei)王侯,叫一個討飯和尚改(gai)(gai)一句(ju)詩,自(zi)不(bu)在話下。哪里知(zhi)道這(zhe)(zhe)位禪(chan)月和尚,偏偏不(bu)買他的賬,答(da)道:“州(zhou)(zhou)亦不(bu)可添,詩亦不(bu)可改(gai)(gai)。孤云野鶴,何天不(bu)可飛(fei)?”說完拿了(le)錫(xi)杖,離(li)開杭州(zhou)(zhou),就到(dao)(dao)此(ci)(ci)山(shan)(shan),在大雄(xiong)寺內(nei)(nei)留下真跡。
天子(zi)崗一名(ming)(ming)白鶴峰。因(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石皆烏色,奇形怪狀,又名(ming)(ming)烏石山(shan)(shan)(shan),離東(dong)(dong)梓關五(wu)公(gong)里(li)(li)左右,同申屠山(shan)(shan)(shan)遙遙相(xiang)對(dui)。這(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)原本(ben)沒(mei)有什么大名(ming)(ming)氣(qi),后來東(dong)(dong)漢孝子(zi)孫鐘(zhong)把母親葬在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li)。孫鐘(zhong)者,孫堅的(de)(de)爸爸,孫策、孫權(quan)的(de)(de)爺爺也。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)孫子(zi)做(zuo)了(le)皇帝,有人就說祖母葬的(de)(de)地方(fang)風(feng)水(shui)好,所以(yi)就稱之(zhi)為(wei)天子(zi)崗了(le)。妙(miao)(miao)就妙(miao)(miao)在(zai)這(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)是這(zhe)一帶的(de)(de)最高(gao)峰,頂上(shang)(shang)有一塊大平地。站(zhan)在(zai)崗上(shang)(shang)近(jin)(jin)覷(qu):群(qun)(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)環繞腳下(xia),有似百官朝天子(zi),倒有點(dian)“碧眼兒坐(zuo)領江(jiang)(jiang)東(dong)(dong)”的(de)(de)氣(qi)概;遠(yuan)眺:江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)曲曲彎(wan)彎(wan),大桐(tong)洲上(shang)(shang)綠(lv)樹環繞,桃花(hua)盛(sheng)開季節(jie),堆錦(jin)疊繡,五(wu)彩繽紛,使人眼花(hua)繚亂(luan)。環山(shan)(shan)(shan)四周,有大批名(ming)(ming)勝古(gu)(gu)跡(ji),如小蓬萊、仙(xian)人洞、百步山(shan)(shan)(shan)、樂村廟、天香寺(si)等數十處(chu),不(bu)知道(dao)(dao)目前怎樣了(le)。桐(tong)廬江(jiang)(jiang)景,自(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)稱道(dao)(dao)煙雨。每當細雨霏(fei)(fei)霏(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),坐(zuo)船在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)駛(shi)過,近(jin)(jin)覷(qu),水(shui)面(mian)漣漪回環不(bu)絕,山(shan)(shan)(shan)影樹影連(lian)成一片,無風(feng)自(zi)(zi)搖;遠(yuan)看(kan),“綠(lv)樹蒼煙望欲迷”,但見(jian)遠(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)長(chang),云山(shan)(shan)(shan)亂(luan),近(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)青。加之(zhi)岸邊(bian)幾(ji)個(ge)釣客(ke)身(shen)披雨衣,執竿(gan)凝神(shen)而坐(zuo),儼然一幅絕妙(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)“春江(jiang)(jiang)煙雨圖”。江(jiang)(jiang)岸上(shang)(shang)峭(qiao)壁(bi)高(gao)聳,群(qun)(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)連(lian)綿(mian)不(bu)絕:牛山(shan)(shan)(shan),又名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)門山(shan)(shan)(shan),從東(dong)(dong)到西(xi),恰巧十里(li)(li),所以(yi)又稱十里(li)(li)牌(pai)門;內逼(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),外瞰江(jiang)(jiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)路崎嶇屈曲,古(gu)(gu)為(wei)閩廣皖浙通(tong)道(dao)(dao),現在(zai)已經修鳥道(dao)(dao)為(wei)公(gong)路。金雞山(shan)(shan)(shan),極似公(gong)雞,古(gu)(gu)人有詩:“天上(shang)(shang)金雞種,何(he)時(shi)墜此山(shan)(shan)(shan)?只因(yin)(yin)鳴有信,流落在(zai)人間。”
過了(le)(le)十(shi)里(li)牌門,可(ke)見富(fu)春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站大(da)壩(ba)橫截在江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)上,此壩(ba)高(gao)(gao)36米(mi),是新安(an)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)壩(ba)的(de)(de)三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)多(duo)點(dian)。壩(ba)內壩(ba)外,水(shui)(shui)(shui)位相(xiang)差二三(san)十(shi)米(mi)。船過大(da)壩(ba),先要進(jin)入壩(ba)內船塢,然(ran)(ran)后(hou)關上后(hou)閘門放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui),等水(shui)(shui)(shui)漲船高(gao)(gao),與壩(ba)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)平(ping)齊,前閘門才(cai)徐(xu)徐(xu)落入水(shui)(shui)(shui)中,船即穿閘門駛(shi)入富(fu)春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。穿壩(ba)而出(chu),便進(jin)入一(yi)個(ge)“神仙(xian)世界(jie)”:富(fu)春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)最主要的(de)(de)風景區(qu)——嚴子陵釣(diao)臺(tai)(tai)。這里(li)原名嚴瀨。上世紀(ji)60年代,利用(yong)兩山(shan)夾峙的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)條件,建設富(fu)春江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站,修了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,灘深流急的(de)(de)嚴瀨,便成了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)波平(ping)如鏡的(de)(de)人工湖。船就停在離水(shui)(shui)(shui)壩(ba)一(yi)里(li)多(duo)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)地方。原來(lai)沿(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)一(yi)條小路(lu)(lu)直通釣(diao)臺(tai)(tai),修了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,路(lu)(lu)已淹沒,去(qu)釣(diao)臺(tai)(tai)必須(xu)坐蘆茨公社的(de)(de)渡船,在水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫上行(xing)三(san)四里(li),方到達釣(diao)臺(tai)(tai)腳下。
所謂釣臺(tai),其(qi)實是(shi)(shi)突出(chu)富(fu)春山(shan)(shan)腰的兩塊大(da)磐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)度相仿,東(dong)西(xi)對峙,天造地(di)(di)設,確是(shi)(shi)天下少見。富(fu)春山(shan)(shan)一(yi)名嚴陵山(shan)(shan),在(zai)桐(tong)廬縣城西(xi)四十(shi)里。山(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)193米(mi),迤邐七里。《圖經》上說:“嚴陵山(shan)(shan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)麗(li)奇(qi)絕,號錦峰繡嶺。”凡是(shi)(shi)到過此地(di)(di)的人,都認為(wei)這(zhe)八個字并非過譽。連接東(dong)西(xi)兩臺(tai)的一(yi)條山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)上,中(zhong)間有一(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亭,用七八十(shi)塊條石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砌嵌而成,不(bu)用一(yi)根木(mu)料,也不(bu)用一(yi)點水泥。長方(fang)形,面積約二(er)十(shi)平方(fang),式(shi)樣樸素大(da)方(fang)。這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)過去(qu)的雙(shuang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)亭。據了(le)解,東(dong)西(xi)釣臺(tai)上面原來都沒有建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。一(yi)直到明朝正統元年(nian)(1436年(nian)),嚴州知府在(zai)東(dong)西(xi)兩臺(tai)各建(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)亭,刻石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)額(e),東(dong)曰(yue)“不(bu)事王(wang)(wang)侯(hou)”,西(xi)曰(yue)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)尚其(qi)志”,明末被(bei)毀。到清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(1754年(nian)),再由羅氏(shi)兄弟復建(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)臺(tai)亭上石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)改為(wei)“留絲一(yi)鼎”,東(dong)臺(tai)亭上石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)改為(wei)“垂竿百尺(chi)”。后來,西(xi)臺(tai)亭又壞掉(diao),到民國初年(nian)再重建(jian)(jian)(jian)。除(chu)這(zhe)兩個石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亭外,1925年(nian)廣東(dong)人陳煥之又在(zai)這(zhe)個山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)上建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)這(zhe)個雙(shuang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)亭。現在(zai)亭上石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)已被(bei)砸毀。左(zuo)右石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱上的對聯,字跡(ji)約略可辨:“遠道息塵勞,向(xiang)此間坐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看云,放懷(huai)宇宙;高(gao)(gao)(gao)臺(tai)瞻勝跡(ji),羨當日耕山(shan)(shan)釣水,俯視(shi)王(wang)(wang)侯(hou)。”
極(ji)目遠望(wang)東南,這一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)最(zui)高峰(feng)高龍門直沖云霄,峰(feng)頸白云繚繞;峰(feng)前峰(feng)左峰(feng)右,群山(shan)環抱(bao);最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)地方,有六重(zhong)山(shan),層層相疊。遠處(chu)天邊,白云破處(chu),一(yi)(yi)抹藍天,晶瑩(ying)澄澈,似(si)藍非藍,似(si)青(qing)非青(qing)。夕陽返照,光怪陸離(li),遠遠望(wang)去,似(si)有仙子乘鸞來去。正(zheng)南,山(shan)坡上遍種(zhong)橘(ju)樹。迤西,也是一(yi)(yi)山(shan)接(jie)一(yi)(yi)山(shan),一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)連一(yi)(yi)峰(feng),山(shan)山(shan)俱(ju)青(qing),峰(feng)峰(feng)皆(jie)秀。“錦峰(feng)繡嶺(ling)”,果然名不(bu)虛(xu)傳。俯視腳下(xia),一(yi)(yi)條清江(jiang),依(yi)山(shan)而流;萬頃碧波,風(feng)平浪靜;幾點白帆,飄蕩其間。黃公望(wang)的(de)(de)杰作《富春(chun)山(shan)居圖》將此情(qing)此景(jing)描繪得恰(qia)到好處(chu)。雖然時(shi)隔七百年(nian),眼下(xia)的(de)(de)清江(jiang)已非昔(xi)日(ri)的(de)(de)急流,但(dan)是,風(feng)景(jing)、意境依(yi)然未(wei)變。“人(ren)在畫圖中(zhong)”,古人(ren)言之有理。