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介紹

羊(yang)舞嶺古窯(yao)址位于(yu)湖南(nan)資水流域(yu)下游的丘陵地(di)區，是宋(song)元至明、清時期南(nan)方燒造瓷(ci)(ci)器頗具(ju)規模的一處民間窯(yao)場，燒制的產品主要分(fen)為(wei)青(qing)白瓷(ci)(ci)、青(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)、黑釉瓷(ci)(ci)、褐釉瓷(ci)(ci)和青(qing)花瓷(ci)(ci)，制瓷(ci)(ci)工藝主要受景德鎮影響，著名(ming)古陶瓷(ci)(ci)學家馮(feng)先銘(ming)所(suo)著《中國陶瓷(ci)(ci)》把益(yi)陽窯(yao)劃分(fen)在景德鎮窯(yao)青(qing)白瓷(ci)(ci)系(xi)范疇。

羊(yang)舞(wu)嶺古窯(yao)址分布在益(yi)陽市赫山區龍(long)光(guang)橋與石筍鄉交(jiao)界的(de)(de)早禾(he)、楊泗、牌樓、高嶺和(he)水井坳等幾個村(cun)，因為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)窯(yao)場過(guo)去(qu)所(suo)在的(de)(de)地名叫羊(yang)舞(wu)嶺，故文(wen)物學名稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)"羊(yang)舞(wu)嶺窯(yao)"。此窯(yao)發現于(yu)上(shang)世紀70年代，窯(yao)場考察范圍的(de)(de)面(mian)積達5平方公里(li)，顯露出的(de)(de)古窯(yao)場面(mian)積近20000平方米，大(da)量的(de)(de)窯(yao)具與殘瓷堆積如山，主(zhu)窯(yao)場早禾(he)村(cun)碗盆山窯(yao)址和(he)蜈蚣塘村(cun)窯(yao)址于(yu)1996年被省人民政府公布為(wei)(wei)湖南(nan)省重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位。

折疊羊舞嶺古窯特征

羊舞(wu)嶺古窯(yao)(yao)出(chu)品的(de)宋(song)、元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)時期(qi)(qi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)，源于景(jing)(jing)德(de)(de)鎮(zhen)湖(hu)田窯(yao)(yao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)白釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)和(he)浙江龍(long)(long)泉(quan)窯(yao)(yao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)，從形(xing)制與(yu)裝飾(shi)工(gong)藝(yi)上(shang)鑒別同益陽(yang)出(chu)土的(de)宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)白釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)和(he)龍(long)(long)泉(quan)窯(yao)(yao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)有一些相似(si)之處(chu)。羊舞(wu)嶺古窯(yao)(yao)瓷(ci)(ci)胎(tai)采用(yong)本地(di)高嶺土燒制，胎(tai)質堅(jian)硬(ying)緊密呈灰白色。宋(song)末元(yuan)(yuan)初所(suo)燒器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)較(jiao)小(xiao)，胎(tai)體(ti)輕薄(bo)，元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)至(zhi)明(ming)代(dai)中期(qi)(qi)胎(tai)體(ti)厚(hou)重而(er)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)變(bian)大，進入明(ming)代(dai)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)碗(wan)、盤(pan)、杯等(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)趨向小(xiao)巧而(er)胎(tai)體(ti)變(bian)薄(bo)，與(yu)景(jing)(jing)德(de)(de)鎮(zhen)晚(wan)明(ming)民(min)窯(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)小(xiao)盤(pan)小(xiao)碗(wan)等(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)相接近。宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)時期(qi)(qi)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面厚(hou)薄(bo)均勻，較(jiao)為(wei)滋(zi)潤，釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色主要(yao)有青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)白釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、天(tian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、粉(fen)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等(deng)(deng)，明(ming)代(dai)中前期(qi)(qi)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)汁有厚(hou)有薄(bo)，厚(hou)者晶(jing)瑩(ying)透亮，有玻璃質感和(he)開冰裂紋(wen)(wen)其類似(si)龍(long)(long)泉(quan)窯(yao)(yao)，晚(wan)明(ming)至(zhi)清代(dai)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面多(duo)(duo)不(bu)純(chun)凈，施釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)不(bu)均勻。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)在(zai)裝飾(shi)手法上(shang)多(duo)(duo)模(mo)仿(fang)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)白釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)與(yu)龍(long)(long)泉(quan)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)，有篦劃、刻(ke)花(hua)、模(mo)印、貼塑和(he)鏤(lou)空(kong)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)藝(yi)較(jiao)為(wei)常見，元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)褐釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)點彩朵花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)上(shang)承(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)沙窯(yao)(yao)的(de)裝飾(shi)特點。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)途以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)實器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)主，陳設器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)冥器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較(jiao)少見，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有瓶、罐、壺、香爐、盞(zhan)、油(you)燈(deng)、硯(yan)臺、水注以(yi)及(ji)盤(pan)和(he)杯，碗(wan)形(xing)多(duo)(duo)變(bian)有斗笠碗(wan)、折腰碗(wan)、墩式碗(wan)、高足碗(wan)、臥(wo)足碗(wan)和(he)斂口(kou)(kou)碗(wan)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)裝燒技術上(shang)繼承(cheng)(cheng)了景(jing)(jing)德(de)(de)鎮(zhen)北宋(song)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)白釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)匣缽覆燒工(gong)藝(yi)，大量的(de)碗(wan)、杯、碟器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)沿(yan)(yan)無釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)成芒口(kou)(kou)，質量稍好的(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)口(kou)(kou)沿(yan)(yan)上(shang)涂(tu)了一層褐釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彩，另外使用(yong)疊(die)式燒法而(er)造成一些盤(pan)、碗(wan)與(yu)蓋缽內底無釉(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)或造成澀圈以(yi)至(zhi)失(shi)去美觀。

折疊發掘

羊舞(wu)嶺(ling)古(gu)窯至今尚無可(ke)查閱的(de)歷史記(ji)載和科學(xue)的(de)窯址考(kao)(kao)古(gu)發(fa)掘資料，上(shang)世紀八九十年代除省內專家(jia)(jia)多(duo)次進(jin)行過(guo)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)，南京博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)著名古(gu)陶瓷(ci)學(xue)者張浦生(sheng)先(xian)生(sheng)以(yi)及日(ri)本(ben)名城大(da)學(xue)教授(shou)加騰瑛二(er)曾經(jing)專程(cheng)來益(yi)陽考(kao)(kao)察(cha)過(guo)羊舞(wu)嶺(ling)古(gu)窯。益(yi)陽市博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)通過(guo)多(duo)年不(bu)懈(xie)的(de)努力，陸(lu)續從考(kao)(kao)古(gu)發(fa)掘與(yu)流散文物(wu)(wu)(wu)征集以(yi)及益(yi)陽藏(zang)(zang)家(jia)(jia)的(de)捐(juan)獻中獲(huo)取了(le)一些完整的(de)實(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，在豐富了(le)館(guan)藏(zang)(zang)羊舞(wu)嶺(ling)古(gu)窯的(de)標本(ben)與(yu)標準器的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，逐(zhu)步(bu)提高了(le)對羊舞(wu)嶺(ling)古(gu)窯古(gu)陶瓷(ci)的(de)歷史研究與(yu)年代認定(ding)。在益(yi)陽民間(jian)收藏(zang)(zang)中不(bu)斷出現的(de)羊舞(wu)嶺(ling)古(gu)窯古(gu)陶瓷(ci)精品已得到藏(zang)(zang)家(jia)(jia)的(de)厚(hou)愛與(yu)典藏(zang)(zang)。