芋頭侗寨在行政區劃(hua)上隸屬于雙江鄉。明(ming)(ming)洪武年間(1368~1398年)建(jian)寨;明(ming)(ming)嘉靖三年(1508年)戶增人(ren)旺(wang),建(jian)筑規模擴大,形(xing)成(cheng)村(cun)落(luo);清(qing)(qing)順治年間(1644~1661年)遭(zao)火(huo)災,復建(jian)后(hou)形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)芋頭溪流為軸線向(xiang)兩側分叉(cha)布置的7個聚落(luo)群;清(qing)(qing)乾隆(long)四(si)十二年(1777年)建(jian)寨腳橋(qiao)及龍氏鼓樓、牙(ya)上鼓樓;清(qing)(qing)嘉慶(qing)五年(1800年)建(jian)塘頭橋(qiao)。清(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)7年建(jian)塘坪橋(qiao)。
清(qing)道(dao)光、光緒年(nian)間(jian)分(fen)別維(wei)修驛(yi)道(dao)和(he)牙上鼓樓。明洪武元年(nian)至三十一年(nian)(1368-1398)間(jian)始建(jian)寨(zhai);嘉(jia)靖(jing)三年(nian)(1508)戶增人旺,建(jian)筑(zhu)規模擴大,形(xing)(xing)成村(cun)落。清(qing)順(shun)治(zhi)年(nian)間(jian)遭火災,復建(jian)后形(xing)(xing)成以芋頭溪流為(wei)軸線向兩邊分(fen)叉座落的7個聚居群(qun)。清(qing)乾隆四十二年(nian)(1777)建(jian)寨(zhai)腳橋(qiao)及龍(long)氏鼓樓,牙上鼓樓。清(qing)嘉(jia)慶五年(nian)(1800)建(jian)中步和(he)塘坪(ping)橋(qiao)。清(qing)道(dao)光、光緒年(nian)間(jian)分(fen)別維(wei)修驛(yi)道(dao)和(he)牙上鼓樓。芋頭侗寨(zhai)古建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)因山就勢,結構造型(xing)具(ju)有典型(xing)的侗族(zu)風格,鼓樓、門樓、蘆笙場、古井、涼亭、薩歲壇、古墓葬群(qun)、侗族(zu)樓層及青石板驛(yi)道(dao)等一應俱全(quan),且(qie)保(bao)存完好,有很高的歷史、人文(wen)及藝術價。
芋頭侗(dong)寨(zhai),從(cong)建寨(zhai)選址(zhi),布(bu)置建筑(zhu)物(wu),到(dao)規劃(hua)村寨(zhai)于周圍環(huan)境的(de)協調及人(ren)們衣(yi)食住行(xing)、祭(ji)祀(si),都是傳(chuan)(chuan)統堪輿學說在侗(dong)民(min)族地(di)區現實(shi)生活(huo)中的(de)運用。寨(zhai)內各類建筑(zhu)因地(di)制宜(yi),依山勢(shi),順風水分別布(bu)置建筑(zhu)物(wu),將自然風光(guang)與人(ren)為創造結(jie)成天、地(di)、人(ren)三位一體(ti)(ti),充分展示了(le)侗(dong)民(min)族的(de)古(gu)樸憨厚和聰(cong)明(ming)才(cai)智。芋頭侗(dong)寨(zhai)的(de)建筑(zhu)屬(shu)于典型(xing)的(de)山地(di)溝谷(gu)侗(dong)寨(zhai)山脊型(xing)和山谷(gu)型(xing)建筑(zhu)模式。寨(zhai)內所保存的(de)建筑(zhu),無論是從(cong)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)到(dao)局部(bu),還是從(cong)布(bu)局到(dao)工藝(yi),都融匯了(le)侗(dong)族工藝(yi)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統和山里人(ren)的(de)樸實(shi)風格(ge),全面反映(ying)了(le)侗(dong)族的(de)民(min)族史和民(min)俗史。
芋頭侗(dong)寨(zhai)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群因山(shan)(shan)就勢,結構造型(xing)具有(you)(you)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)侗(dong)族(zu)風(feng)格,鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)樓(lou)(lou)、蘆(lu)笙(sheng)(sheng)場、古(gu)井、涼亭(ting)、薩歲壇(tan)、古(gu)墓(mu)葬群、侗(dong)族(zu)樓(lou)(lou)屋及(ji)青石板驛道等一(yi)(yi)應俱全,其(qi)中古(gu)樓(lou)(lou)4座(zuo),風(feng)雨橋3座(zuo),門(men)樓(lou)(lou)1座(zuo),古(gu)井2口,薩歲壇(tan)2個,吊腳(jiao)樓(lou)(lou)居(ju)(ju)室78棟(dong),古(gu)驛道1.6公里。芋頭侗(dong)寨(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地溝谷(gu)侗(dong)寨(zhai)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)型(xing)和(he)山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)型(xing)建(jian)(jian)筑模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。寨(zhai)內(nei)(nei)民居(ju)(ju)采用(yong)“桿(gan)欄式(shi)(shi)”建(jian)(jian)筑為(wei)(wei)多(duo)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)采用(yong)架立的(de)(de)(de)吊腳(jiao)樓(lou)(lou)式(shi)(shi),以適應南方山(shan)(shan)區氣(qi)候濕(shi)潤,多(duo)蚊蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)特點。屋頂(ding)懸山(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi),施小青瓦或覆蓋杉(shan)皮(pi),使得(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物色彩樸實,質感宜人(ren)。芋頭侗(dong)寨(zhai)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明洪武年間,后(hou)遭大火,寨(zhai)內(nei)(nei)現(xian)有(you)(you)建(jian)(jian)筑大部分為(wei)(wei)清中期(qi)(qi)、末期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑。村寨(zhai)現(xian)有(you)(you)鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)4個:寨(zhai)中鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)簡(jian)樸地立于(yu)(yu)田中;龍氏鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)昂然立于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)處;蘆(lu)笙(sheng)(sheng)鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)雕梁畫棟(dong)漂亮(liang),為(wei)(wei)九層(ceng)密檐攢(zan)尖蘆(lu)笙(sheng)(sheng)頂(ding)木樓(lou)(lou),下(xia)五層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)四角,上(shang)(shang)四層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)八角,翹檐上(shang)(shang)下(xia)都塑有(you)(you)龍鳳(feng)花鳥圖案,金(jin)光閃亮(liang);牙(ya)上(shang)(shang)鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)較為(wei)(wei)奇(qi)險,一(yi)(yi)半搭(da)在山(shan)(shan)坡上(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)半懸于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)坡下(xia),由17根梨木柱子支撐,最(zui)(zui)長的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)根有(you)(you)9.1米高(gao)。