永寧(ning)(ning)州古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于(yu)廣(guang)西桂林(lin)市(shi)永福(fu)縣(xian)百壽(shou)鎮(zhen)北(bei)端,與百壽(shou)巖隔河相望(wang)。 永寧(ning)(ning)州古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建于(yu)明成化(hua)十(shi)三年(nian)(1477),至今(jin)已經歷537年(nian)的風(feng)風(feng)雨(yu)雨(yu)。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最先為(wei)土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻周長約1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),厚(hou)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo)。成化(hua)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian),改砌(qi)為(wei)石城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);隆慶六年(nian)(1572),古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)往西被擴(kuo)(kuo)寬80余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)四座,東門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫“東興門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,南門(men)(men)(men)(men)稱“鎮(zhen)寧(ning)(ning)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,西門(men)(men)(men)(men)喊“安定門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)“迎恩門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。至萬(wan)歷三年(nian),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻增高到1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),加(jia)厚(hou)到0.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);萬(wan)歷八(ba)年(nian)(1580),古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)往北(bei)又擴(kuo)(kuo)展100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周長擴(kuo)(kuo)建為(wei)1277米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高6.33米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),厚(hou)3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭垛637個,窩(wo)鋪12個,兵(bing)馬司4處(chu),并在四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)上建起門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓。萬(wan)歷十(shi)四年(nian)(1586),在古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東面(mian)筑護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河堤430余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻再次加(jia)厚(hou),并加(jia)女墻窩(wo)鋪。
據文物(wu)專家(jia)考察,永寧(ning)(ning)州古城,在五(wu)(wu)百多年(nian)的歷史長河(he)中(zhong),在軍事(shi)上曾起過極重要(yao)的作(zuo)用,是兵家(jia)必爭之地。每次改朝換代,永寧(ning)(ning)州古城必遇兵災戰火(huo)。但它能(neng)歷經五(wu)(wu)百多年(nian)風(feng)風(feng)雨(yu)雨(yu)還能(neng)比(bi)較完整地保存下(xia)來,不能(neng)不說是一個奇跡(ji)。
永寧州古(gu)城地處(chu)桂林至融安(an)的(de)(de)險(xian)要地段,僅有一(yi)條古(gu)道(dao)(dao)從這里(li)的(de)(de)大峽谷(gu)中通過。古(gu)城就建(jian)在(zai)古(gu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)必經之處(chu),兩面(mian)有天然河流為護城河,四周(zhou)數(shu)十公里(li)都是高山大嶺。其北面(mian)6公里(li)處(chu)有綿亙十余公里(li)的(de)(de)險(xian)要關隘——三(san)(san)(san)臺嶺(舊稱三(san)(san)(san)厄(e)嶺)。永寧州古(gu)城就處(chu)在(zai)三(san)(san)(san)臺嶺險(xian)隘下的(de)(de)古(gu)道(dao)(dao)上,它就像一(yi)個(ge)關隘,進可(ke)攻,退(tui)可(ke)守,大有一(yi)夫當關,萬夫莫開(kai)之勢。
據(ju)《永(yong)福(fu)縣(xian)志》記載(zai),明弘治五年(nian)(1492)后,由(you)韋朝威、覃萬賢、韋銀(yin)豹所率領的壯(zhuang)族(zu)農(nong)民起義(yi)(yi)隊(dui)伍(wu),曾攻占永(yong)寧(ning)州古(gu)(gu)城80余年(nian),使這座大山之(zhi)中(zhong)的古(gu)(gu)城,一(yi)度成為廣(guang)西農(nong)民起義(yi)(yi)的中(zhong)心。
清(qing)(qing)(qing)康熙十(shi)一年(公元1672年),南北城(cheng)樓曾被大火燒毀(hui),城(cheng)墻多(duo)處(chu)崩塌,后修復。清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒三十(shi)八年(1902),附近爆(bao)發了(le)覃老(lao)發抗(kang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)斗爭,抗(kang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)隊(dui)伍向永寧州(zhou)進(jin)發,州(zhou)城(cheng)岌(ji)岌(ji)可危。清(qing)(qing)(qing)朝(chao)急派大部隊(dui)增援,方保(bao)住古城(cheng)。
民(min)國十二年(nian),當(dang)地(di)土匪韋侯(hou)凡(fan)被(bei)桂林自(zi)治軍收編后(hou),進(jin)駐永(yong)寧州古(gu)城(cheng)自(zi)稱縣長,向百姓納稅(shui)派糧,引起民(min)眾(zhong)暴(bao)動(dong)(dong)。當(dang)地(di)群眾(zhong)上千人拿著大(da)刀(dao)、長矛、火銃等,猛烈攻打(da)古(gu)城(cheng)多天(tian)。但由于石城(cheng)堅固,難以攻下。暴(bao)動(dong)(dong)的群眾(zhong)圍困古(gu)城(cheng)七天(tian)七夜后(hou),韋九勾(gou)被(bei)迫(po)向暴(bao)動(dong)(dong)的群眾(zhong)投(tou)降。
民(min)國二十四年(nian),中(渡)、融(安)、百(壽(shou))三(san)縣人(ren)民(min)反對(dui)廣(guang)西實行的“三(san)自三(san)寓”政(zheng)策和“國民(min)軍訓”,融(安)縣一(yi)青年(nian)逃避征練,被(bei)政(zheng)府槍決,激起七(qi)、八千人(ren)民(min)眾爆動。當(dang)年(nian)8月26日(ri),有兩千余群(qun)眾攻打永寧古城。但由于武(wu)器低劣,群(qun)眾對(dui)堅(jian)固而高峻(jun)的石城一(yi)時無法攻破。國民(min)黨援城部隊(dui)趕(gan)到后,攻城群(qun)眾被(bei)迫迅速分散逃離。
民國三十三年,日(ri)(ri)本侵略軍進犯(fan)百壽(shou),曾兩次攻(gong)陷永寧古(gu)城,并盤據(ju)古(gu)城8個月之久。在這期間(jian),抗日(ri)(ri)自衛(wei)隊與(yu)日(ri)(ri)軍間(jian)交戰160余次。
民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三十(shi)八(ba)年,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)臨近解放,國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨“廣西反共救國(guo)(guo)(guo)軍(jun)(jun)”第十(shi)三軍(jun)(jun)下轄2個(ge)師(shi),第七軍(jun)(jun)一七二師(shi)共5000多人(ren)退(tui)入百(bai)壽(shou),妄圖(tu)盤(pan)據(ju)古城進行頑抗。中國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)解放軍(jun)(jun)四十(shi)九(jiu)軍(jun)(jun)一四六師(shi)和一四七師(shi)將百(bai)壽(shou)包(bao)圍,為了(le)保(bao)護人(ren)民(min)(min)的生(sheng)命財產,人(ren)民(min)(min)解放軍(jun)(jun)勸敵軍(jun)(jun)長周(zhou)祖晃投降(jiang)。萬(wan)余敵人(ren)在走投無路的情況下,紛(fen)紛(fen)放下武(wu)器投降(jiang)。古城免(mian)遭炮(pao)火轟擊,從而完整的保(bao)存下來。