人物介紹李元諒(liang)(732),唐代安息(xi)(今伊朗)人,本姓(xing)(xing)安,出(chu)生于伊斯蘭教世家(jia)。自(zi)幼由宦官(guan)駱奉先(xian)收養,改姓(xing)(xing)駱,名元光(guang)(guang)(guang)。唐德(de)宗時(shi)著名將領,曾數次參加平叛,屢建功績,升華州刺(ci)史,加檢校尚書(shu)左仆射,封武康郡王。德(de)宗貞元三(san)年(787年),吐(tu)蕃向(xiang)大(da)唐請和,雙(shuang)方商定會盟于平涼。吐(tu)蕃劫盟,駱元光(guang)(guang)(guang)率(lv)部接應,救出(chu)會盟主帥渾瑊,其余(yu)隨(sui)行官(guan)員千余(yu)人皆被俘(fu),當時(shi)如無駱元光(guang)(guang)(guang)的機智果斷,則(ze)會全軍覆(fu)沒。故此,唐德(de)宗予以(yi)嘉獎,并賜姓(xing)(xing)李氏,改名元諒(liang)。
貞元(yuan)(yuan)四年(nian)(788年(nian)),加封(feng)李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)諒為(wei)隴右節度(du)使(shi),駐守(shou)良(liang)原(yuan)(今靈(ling)臺縣梁原(yuan))。不久又擴展防區,收復失(shi)地(di),新(xin)筑崇(chong)(chong)信城(cheng)。貞元(yuan)(yuan)九年(nian)(793年(nian))十(shi)一月,李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)諒因積勞成疾(ji),長眠于這片他曾(ceng)為(wei)此付出了(le)半生心血(xue)的(de)地(di)方,享年(nian)六十(shi)二(er)歲。根據他的(de)遺愿,人們把他的(de)墳墓筑在崇(chong)(chong)信縣城(cheng)西北面的(de)高山(shan)上(shang)。1981年(nian)9月10日(ri),被甘(gan)(gan)肅省人民(min)政府公布為(wei)省級重點文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。武(wu)康王廟:第五批(pi)全國重點文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。明、清時(shi)又名李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)諒寢宮,俗稱城(cheng)隍廟,為(wei)奉祀唐代武(wu)康郡王、隴右節度(du)使(shi)李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)諒而建(jian)。位(wei)于甘(gan)(gan)肅省平涼市崇(chong)(chong)信縣城(cheng)東街。占地(di)3337平方米,由寢宮和拜殿組成。
梁、檁交接(jie)處用(yong)(yong)蜀柱(zhu)帶(dai)斗拱(gong)。斗拱(gong)用(yong)(yong)材較大,斗拱(gong)與柱(zhu)子之(zhi)比為 27%;檐(yan)柱(zhu)內傾(qing),柱(zhu)子斷面與高度(du)為1:8.13;屋頂(ding)平緩,屋頂(ding)起坡與跨(kua)度(du)的比例為1:3.58。 拜殿面闊五間,進深一間,磚木結構,四檁卷棚頂(ding),兩山做成攢(zan)尖式樣。柱(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)施三踩單昂(ang)頭(tou)(tou)栱(gong),昂(ang)頭(tou)(tou)雕成象(xiang)鼻、虎頭(tou)(tou)、鳳頭(tou)(tou),外(wai)拽瓜栱(gong)透雕行龍或卷草(cao)紋。
武(wu)康王(wang)廟是甘肅保存的為數不多的有元代(dai)特點的木構建(jian)筑(zhu)之一,其(qi)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)形制(zhi)、材分制(zhi)度基本合乎宋(song)《營(ying)造法式》的規(gui)定,但(dan)又(you)融合了明代(dai)手法和甘肅地方工藝(yi),具有一定的藝(yi)術價(jia)值和科學價(jia)值。2001年06月25日,武(wu)康王(wang)廟作(zuo)(zuo)為明、清(qing)時期古建(jian)筑(zhu),被國務院(yuan)批準(zhun)列(lie)入第(di)五(wu)批全國重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單(dan)位名(ming)單(dan)。
據(ju)(ju)縣志記(ji)載(zai),崇信(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)因他(ta)“開(kai)拓疆土(tu)(tu),修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)鎮城(cheng),德(de)被民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng),感恩王(wang)功(gong)”,于(yu)唐德(de)宗貞(zhen)元十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(797年(nian)(nian)(nian))前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou),在縣城(cheng)東門外一百二(er)十(shi)(shi)步建祠塑(su)像(xiang),春秋祭(ji)祀。宋哲宗紹圣四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1097年(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)縣王(wang)需修(xiu)繕(shan)廟(miao)(miao)貌(mao)。明太祖洪武三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1370年(nian)(nian)(nian)),縣民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)李斗等人(ren)(ren)(ren)遷(qian)建城(cheng)內。明英(ying)宗天(tian)順七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1463年(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)縣吉泰將原廟(miao)(miao)址內四根宋、元時期(qi)鐫(juan)刻石(shi)柱移入,建亭(ting)于(yu)殿(dian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。明神宗萬歷三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)縣邊國(guo)柱以塑(su)像(xiang)主次不(bu)當,又未能(neng)變更,將大(da)(da)殿(dian)改為(wei)寢宮,另建正殿(dian)于(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。明思(si)宗崇禎六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633年(nian)(nian)(nian)),兵燹殿(dian)亭(ting)俱毀,僅剩寢宮。清德(de)宗光緒二(er)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)縣陳兆康(kang)(kang)修(xiu)繕(shan)大(da)(da)殿(dian),并重修(xiu)獻殿(dian)。1941年(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)國(guo)政(zheng)府對武康(kang)(kang)廟(miao)(miao)進(jin)行修(xiu)繕(shan),利用(yong)殿(dian)宇儲糧。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立,武康(kang)(kang)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)劃撥縣糧食部(bu)門使(shi)用(yong)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月9日,崇信(xin)(xin)(xin)縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu)(bu)其(qi)為(wei)縣級文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月29日,甘肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu)(bu)其(qi)為(wei)第(di)五批省(sheng)(sheng)級重點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月25日,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)國(guo)務(wu)院公(gong)布(bu)(bu)其(qi)為(wei)第(di)五批全(quan)國(guo)重點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。 現存的(de)(de)武康(kang)(kang)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)總體布(bu)(bu)局呈南北(bei)(bei)縱長(chang)形(xing),建筑(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)別位(wei)于(yu)南北(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)。武康(kang)(kang)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)坐北(bei)(bei)向南,面(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian),進(jin)深三(san)(san)間(jian),由內外兩周柱網組成(cheng)(cheng),建筑(zhu)(zhu)坐落在一個樸素的(de)(de)臺基上(shang)(shang),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)歇山頂,正面(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)三(san)(san)間(jian)是格扇門,兩端盡(jin)間(jian)的(de)(de)山墻(qiang)和(he)后(hou)部(bu)用(yong)厚(hou)實的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)圍(wei)繞(rao)。外廊(lang)兩側的(de)(de)檐(yan)柱略(lve)向中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心傾斜(xie)并逐漸升高,在古(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)將這種(zhong)做法(fa)稱為(wei)側腳(jiao)和(he)升起。柱上(shang)(shang)和(he)開(kai)間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又置以形(xing)式(shi)龐(pang)大(da)(da)有(you)力的(de)(de)斗栱,上(shang)(shang)面(mian)挑出(chu)屋檐(yan),使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)感覺屋頂非常(chang)雄壯有(you)力,莊重和(he)諧。 武康(kang)(kang)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)雖經明代(dai)遷(qian)建和(he)續修(xiu),但大(da)(da)木構架還保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留了宋代(dai)的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)特色,它是甘肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)乃至西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區木構建筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留早期(qi)構件較多、時代(dai)較早的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)之一,是研究西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區古(gu)代(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術和(he)生(sheng)態環境(jing)的(de)(de)真實依據(ju)(ju),具有(you)很高的(de)(de)歷史(shi)價值。