人物介(jie)紹李元(yuan)諒(liang)(732),唐(tang)代安息(今伊朗)人,本(ben)姓安,出(chu)生于(yu)伊斯蘭教世家。自幼由宦官(guan)駱奉先收養,改姓駱,名元(yuan)光。唐(tang)德(de)宗(zong)時(shi)著名將領,曾數次參加平(ping)叛,屢建功(gong)績,升(sheng)華(hua)州刺史,加檢校尚書左仆射,封武康郡(jun)王。德(de)宗(zong)貞元(yuan)三年(nian)(787年(nian)),吐(tu)(tu)蕃向大唐(tang)請和,雙方(fang)商定會盟(meng)于(yu)平(ping)涼。吐(tu)(tu)蕃劫盟(meng),駱元(yuan)光率部接應(ying),救出(chu)會盟(meng)主(zhu)帥渾瑊,其(qi)余(yu)隨行(xing)官(guan)員千(qian)余(yu)人皆被俘,當時(shi)如無駱元(yuan)光的機(ji)智果斷(duan),則(ze)會全軍覆沒。故此,唐(tang)德(de)宗(zong)予(yu)以嘉獎,并(bing)賜(si)姓李氏,改名元(yuan)諒(liang)。
貞(zhen)元四年(nian)(nian)(788年(nian)(nian)),加封李元諒(liang)為隴(long)右(you)節(jie)度(du)(du)使(shi),駐守良原(yuan)(今(jin)靈臺縣梁原(yuan))。不久又(you)擴展防區(qu),收復失地,新筑崇信城(cheng)。貞(zhen)元九年(nian)(nian)(793年(nian)(nian))十(shi)一月(yue),李元諒(liang)因(yin)積勞成疾(ji),長眠于這片他(ta)曾為此付出了(le)半生心血的地方(fang),享年(nian)(nian)六十(shi)二歲。根據他(ta)的遺愿,人(ren)們把他(ta)的墳墓筑在崇信縣城(cheng)西北面的高山上(shang)。1981年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)10日,被甘肅省人(ren)民政府公(gong)布為省級重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)。武(wu)康王(wang)廟:第五批全國重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)。明、清時(shi)又(you)名李元諒(liang)寢(qin)宮(gong),俗稱城(cheng)隍廟,為奉祀唐代武(wu)康郡王(wang)、隴(long)右(you)節(jie)度(du)(du)使(shi)李元諒(liang)而(er)建。位(wei)于甘肅省平(ping)涼市(shi)崇信縣城(cheng)東街。占(zhan)地3337平(ping)方(fang)米,由(you)寢(qin)宮(gong)和拜(bai)殿組成。
梁、檁(lin)交接處用(yong)(yong)蜀柱(zhu)帶斗(dou)拱(gong)。斗(dou)拱(gong)用(yong)(yong)材較(jiao)大,斗(dou)拱(gong)與柱(zhu)子之比為(wei) 27%;檐柱(zhu)內傾,柱(zhu)子斷面(mian)與高度(du)為(wei)1:8.13;屋(wu)頂(ding)平緩,屋(wu)頂(ding)起(qi)坡與跨度(du)的比例為(wei)1:3.58。 拜殿(dian)面(mian)闊五間,進深一(yi)間,磚木(mu)結構,四檁(lin)卷(juan)棚頂(ding),兩山做成攢尖式樣。柱(zhu)頭(tou)施三(san)踩(cai)單昂(ang)頭(tou)栱(gong)(gong),昂(ang)頭(tou)雕(diao)成象(xiang)鼻、虎(hu)頭(tou)、鳳頭(tou),外拽瓜栱(gong)(gong)透雕(diao)行(xing)龍(long)或卷(juan)草紋(wen)。
武(wu)康王(wang)廟是甘(gan)肅(su)保存的為數不多的有(you)元代特點的木構建筑之(zhi)一,其(qi)鋪作(zuo)形制、材分(fen)制度基(ji)本合乎宋《營造法式》的規定(ding),但(dan)又融合了明(ming)(ming)代手法和甘(gan)肅(su)地方(fang)工藝(yi),具有(you)一定(ding)的藝(yi)術價(jia)值(zhi)和科學價(jia)值(zhi)。2001年06月25日,武(wu)康王(wang)廟作(zuo)為明(ming)(ming)、清時(shi)期古建筑,被國務院批準列(lie)入第(di)五(wu)批全(quan)國重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位(wei)名單(dan)。
據縣(xian)(xian)志記載,崇(chong)信人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)因(yin)他“開拓疆土(tu)(tu),修(xiu)筑(zhu)鎮(zhen)城,德被民(min)生(sheng),感恩王(wang)(wang)功”,于唐(tang)德宗(zong)貞元十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(797年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))前后(hou),在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)城東門(men)外一(yi)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)祠塑像,春秋祭祀。宋(song)哲宗(zong)紹圣(sheng)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1097年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信知縣(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)需(xu)修(xiu)繕廟貌。明(ming)太(tai)祖洪武(wu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1370年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),縣(xian)(xian)民(min)李(li)斗(dou)(dou)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)城內(nei)。明(ming)英(ying)宗(zong)天順七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1463年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信知縣(xian)(xian)吉泰將原廟址(zhi)內(nei)四(si)根宋(song)、元時期鐫刻(ke)石(shi)柱(zhu)移入(ru),建(jian)(jian)(jian)亭于殿(dian)(dian)前。明(ming)神宗(zong)萬歷三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信知縣(xian)(xian)邊國(guo)柱(zhu)以塑像主次不當,又未(wei)能變更,將大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)改為(wei)寢宮(gong),另建(jian)(jian)(jian)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)于前。明(ming)思宗(zong)崇(chong)禎六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),兵燹(xian)殿(dian)(dian)亭俱毀,僅剩寢宮(gong)。清德宗(zong)光(guang)緒二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信知縣(xian)(xian)陳兆(zhao)康(kang)(kang)(kang)修(xiu)繕大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian),并重(zhong)修(xiu)獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)。1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)國(guo)政府(fu)對武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)廟進行修(xiu)繕,利用(yong)殿(dian)(dian)宇儲糧(liang)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)成立,武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟劃撥縣(xian)(xian)糧(liang)食部門(men)使用(yong)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)9日,崇(chong)信縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)政府(fu)公(gong)布其(qi)(qi)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)級文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)29日,甘(gan)肅省人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)政府(fu)公(gong)布其(qi)(qi)為(wei)第五批省級重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)25日,中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)國(guo)務院公(gong)布其(qi)(qi)為(wei)第五批全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。 現(xian)存的武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟總體(ti)布局呈南(nan)北(bei)(bei)縱長形,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)分別位(wei)于南(nan)北(bei)(bei)中(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)(shang)。武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟坐北(bei)(bei)向南(nan),面闊五間,進深三(san)間,由內(nei)外兩(liang)(liang)周(zhou)柱(zhu)網組成,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)坐落在(zai)一(yi)個樸素的臺基上(shang)(shang),單檐歇山頂(ding),正(zheng)面中(zhong)間三(san)間是(shi)(shi)格(ge)扇門(men),兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)盡間的山墻(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)后(hou)部用(yong)厚實(shi)的土(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)圍繞。外廊(lang)兩(liang)(liang)側的檐柱(zhu)略(lve)向中(zhong)心(xin)傾斜(xie)并逐漸升高(gao),在(zai)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)上(shang)(shang)將這(zhe)種做法稱為(wei)側腳和(he)(he)(he)升起。柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)(he)開間中(zhong)又置以形式龐大(da)(da)有(you)力的斗(dou)(dou)栱(gong),上(shang)(shang)面挑出屋檐,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)感覺屋頂(ding)非常(chang)雄壯有(you)力,莊重(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)諧。 武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟雖經明(ming)代遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)續修(xiu),但(dan)大(da)(da)木(mu)構架還(huan)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)了宋(song)代的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特色,它(ta)是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)肅省乃(nai)至西(xi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區木(mu)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)早(zao)期構件較(jiao)多、時代較(jiao)早(zao)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之一(yi),是(shi)(shi)研究西(xi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區古代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術(shu)和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)態環境的真(zhen)實(shi)依據,具(ju)有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的歷史價值(zhi)。