浙江衢(qu)州(zhou)孔(kong)氏(shi)南宗(zong)家(jia)廟坐落于衢(qu)州(zhou)市區府(fu)山街道新橋街,是全國重點(dian)文物(wu)保護單位。衢(qu)州(zhou)孔(kong)廟是全國僅(jin)有的兩家(jia)孔(kong)氏(shi)家(jia)廟之一(yi),素稱“南宗(zong)”。(北宗(zong):山東(dong)曲阜)
孔子(zi)(zi),生于公元(yuan)前551年(nian)(nian),卒于公元(yuan)前479年(nian)(nian),春秋時(shi)魯國(guo)人。是中國(guo)歷史上(shang)偉大的思想家(jia)和(he)教育家(jia),被歷代帝(di)皇奉為(wei)圣明。據(ju)史載,北(bei)宋(song)末(mo)年(nian)(nian),宋(song)都汴(bian)京(jing)(今河南(nan)(nan)(nan)開封(feng))陷(xian)入金兵之手。宋(song)高宗趙構(gou)倉促南(nan)(nan)(nan)渡,孔子(zi)(zi)第四十七代裔(yi)孫(sun)、衍圣公孔端友,負著孔子(zi)(zi)和(he)亓(qi)官夫(fu)人(孔子(zi)(zi)夫(fu)人)的一對楷木像(xiang)(據(ju)傳為(wei)孔子(zi)(zi)學生子(zi)(zi)貢(gong)所刻),離開山(shan)東(dong)(dong)曲阜南(nan)(nan)(nan)來(lai),定(ding)居于衢州(zhou)。宋(song)高宗寶(bao)祐三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1255年(nian)(nian)),敕建孔氏家(jia)廟,為(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宗。孔子(zi)(zi)后裔(yi)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)已在衢州(zhou)度過了 800 多個春秋。衢州(zhou)作為(wei)孔子(zi)(zi)后裔(yi)的第二故(gu)鄉,向有(you)“東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)闕里(li)”之稱。
全國的(de)(de)“一城三孔(kong)(kong)廟”所(suo)指的(de)(de)就是柯城。在衢州市區縣學(xue)街縣學(xue)公園內,還有(you)一專門(men)記載衢州“一城三孔(kong)(kong)廟”(衢州府孔(kong)(kong)廟、西安縣孔(kong)(kong)廟、南宗孔(kong)(kong)氏家廟)的(de)(de)“石書(shu)”。
衢州孔廟(miao)曾經三(san)遷三(san)建(jian),十多(duo)次修葺。現址的(de)孔廟(miao)為明武宗正德十五年(nian)(公(gong)元1520年(nian))所建(jian),位于衢州府城東(dong)隅(yu),占地約(yue)20畝,基本上是按照山東(dong)曲阜孔廟(miao)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)來規(gui)劃建(jian)造。建(jian)筑占地面積約(yue)13900平(ping)方米,分為孔廟(miao)、孔府及后(hou)花園三(san)部分。
整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群坐北朝南,平面(mian)呈縱(zong)長形(xing),以(yi)3條軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)布(bu)局。東軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上有孔塾(shu)、崇圣門(men)、崇圣祠、圣澤樓等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。中軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上有孔廟(miao)大門(men)、大成門(men)、甬道(dao)、大成殿、東西(xi)廡等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。西(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上有五支祠、襲(xi)封祠、六代公(gong)爵(jue)祠、思魯閣等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。西(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)稍西(xi)為世襲(xi)博士署,即孔府(fu)奉(feng)祀(si)官府(fu)。家廟(miao)歷(li)經(jing)各(ge)代的(de)多(duo)次維修(xiu),但仍保留宋代的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)制和規模。
廟(miao)前設有(you)“金(jin)聲(sheng)”、“玉(yu)(yu)振(zhen)”、“欞星”、“大成”四(si)門(men)(men)。前左為(wei)(wei)(wei)“金(jin)聲(sheng)門(men)(men)”,右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“玉(yu)(yu)振(zhen)門(men)(men)”,金(jin)聲(sheng)、玉(yu)(yu)振(zhen)兩(liang)門(men)(men)之外,有(you)“德侔天地”、“道冠古今”兩(liang)塊牌坊。廟(miao)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一座(zuo)單體歇山頂建(jian)筑.在(zai)石(shi)須彌座(zuo)的(de)(de)圍(wei)墻襯(chen)托下,顯(xian)得威嚴莊重(zhong)。廟(miao)門(men)(men)上方,懸掛著一塊由(you)當代書法(fa)家(jia)(jia)沙孟海(hai)題字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)“衢(qu)州孔(kong)氏家(jia)(jia)廟(miao)”額,字(zi)(zi)體蒼勁有(you)力(li)。據了(le)解(jie),廟(miao)門(men)(men)是根據明(ming)代衢(qu)州孔(kong)氏家(jia)(jia)廟(miao)圖,結合清代建(jian)筑風(feng)格重(zhong)新設計證。進(jin)而正中,立石(shi)結構(gou)三拱(gong)式的(de)(de)“欞星門(men)(men)”,再進(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“大成門(men)(men)”,門(men)(men)之左右(you)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭,立宋寶祐間祀部尚書、翰(han)林學士趙(zhao)汝騰撰寫的(de)(de)創建(jian)家(jia)(jia)廟(miao)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)等十七塊碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石(shi),碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文均由(you)當朝政要,社會(hui)名儒撰記。
進(jin)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門可上(shang)佾(yì古(gu)代樂(le)舞(wu)的(de)(de)行(xing)列,一(yi)行(xing)八人(ren)叫一(yi)佾)臺(tai),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)祀孔(kong)(kong)子時(shi)歌舞(wu)的(de)(de)地方一(yi)座(zuo)全部由青石鋪成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)170 個方米的(de)(de)佾臺(tai),緊接佾臺(tai)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)廟的(de)(de)主殿大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)廟內(nei)的(de)(de)高建筑(zhu),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山頂明代建筑(zhu),殿閣雄偉、氣勢不凡(fan)。雙(shuang)重(zhong)飛(fei)檐(yan)中立有(you)一(yi)塊豎(shu)匾,上(shang)書“大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿”三字,檐(yan)下(xia)掛著“生(sheng)民(min)來(lai)有(you)”匾額,為清(qing)代雍正(zheng)皇(huang)(huang)帝砌筆。殿內(nei)一(yi)塊清(qing)代康(kang)熙皇(huang)(huang)帝撰寫的(de)(de)“萬世師表”原(yuan)額,懸(xuan)掛在正(zheng)殿上(shang)方。大(da)殿高23米,長(chang)和寬各9米。殿內(nei)正(zheng)中是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子座(zuo)像(xiang),兩旁侍立著其子伯(bo)魚及(ji)孫子思像(xiang)。橫梁上(shang)懸(xuan)有(you)十余塊歷代帝皇(huang)(huang)御(yu)書匾額。殿內(nei)共有(you)木質圓柱12根。其中大(da)的(de)(de)圓柱周(zhou)長(chang)1.80米,大(da)人(ren)伸展雙(shuang)臂也難以抱全。殿前通(tong)道的(de)(de)東西兩側各有(you)九間房子,叫“兩廡”,掛供奉(feng)先賢的(de)(de)地方。東西兩廡祀十二哲(zhe)、中興祖孔(kong)(kong)仁玉以及(ji)孔(kong)(kong)傳、孔(kong)(kong)端友。
金聲門左,是家(jia)塾所(suo)在,內進為祟圣祠(ci),祠(ci)后是圣澤樓(lou)、舊稱御節(jie)樓(lou),祠(ci)前稍(shao)西為報功祠(ci),祀(si)官紳之有(you)功于(yu)南(nan)宗者。玉振(zhen)門右有(you)五支祠(ci)、襲封祠(ci)、六代公爵祠(ci)及思魯(lu)閣(ge)等建筑。思魯(lu)閣(ge)上奉孔子及亓(qi)官夫人(ren)(ren)楷木像(xiang),像(xiang)高不足兩尺(chi)。孔子長(chang)袍大(da)袖,亓(qi)官夫人(ren)(ren)長(chang)裙(qun)垂地,形象生動。閣(ge)下立有(you)“先圣遺像(xiang)”碑,碑高2.07米,寬0.85米。相傳為孔端(duan)友根據唐代畫家(jia)吳道子手跡摹(mo)刻的。
在家廟(miao)之西(xi),連接世襲翰林(lin)院五經博士府(fu)(俗稱孔(kong)府(fu)或博士衙門)。博士府(fu)后進為內宅,與(yu)家廟(miao)大成殿齊(qi)平。
孔氏大(da)宗,世屬鄒魯。靖康之難,大(da)宗南(nan)來,宋金(jin)對峙,孔裔始分南(nan)北(bei)兩宗。
建炎二年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1128年(nian)),宋高(gao)宗(zong)趙構因受金(jin)兵進(jin)犯所迫(po),舉(ju)朝(chao)南(nan)遷(qian)。此時在(zai)山(shan)(shan)東已被(bei)御(yu)封“衍圣公(gong)”的孔(kong)子第47代嫡(di)孫孔(kong)端(duan)友及(ji)其部分孔(kong)氏族人,也一起攜帶(dai)了那對“孔(kong)家傳(chuan)世珍寶”———孔(kong)子夫婦楷(kai)木像(xiang)及(ji)畫像(xiang),隨后(hou)南(nan)渡(du)至浙江衢州(zhou)落腳(jiao)。次(ci)年(nian),高(gao)宗(zong)又(you)御(yu)準孔(kong)端(duan)友等(deng)在(zai)衢州(zhou)興建孔(kong)府(fu)孔(kong)廟,在(zai)此生息。而(er)未隨駕南(nan)遷(qian)的,則仍(reng)留在(zai)山(shan)(shan)東曲阜(fu)。至此孔(kong)氏后(hou)裔(yi),便(bian)形(xing)成(cheng)了南(nan)北二宗(zong)。
紹興二(er)年,孔(kong)玠襲封為(wei)衍圣公,暫時留居在(zai)衢(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)孔(kong)子世家決定(ding)定(ding)居在(zai)衢(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),多(duo)次請求在(zai)衢(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建立(li)家廟(miao),到紹興六年宋高宗(zong)趙(zhao)構(gou)“詔(zhao)權(衢(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou))州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)學為(wei)家廟(miao)”。從此,孔(kong)氏宗(zong)子就(jiu)在(zai)衢(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)生息。
起初(chu),家廟“時尚草創(chuang),即庠為家廟,酌田(tian)供禮,未有定數”。后宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗頒賜銅印,賜田(tian)五(wu)頃,以供族人祀(si)祭,孔氏(shi)南遷者才(cai)逐漸安定下來。從宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗以后的四(si)代皇帝,都尊(zun)重宋(song)高(gao)(gao)宗旨意。
南(nan)宋(song)王朝末期,形(xing)勢(shi)發生(sheng)根本(ben)變化,宋(song)理宗端平(ping)元年(nian)(nian)(公元1234年(nian)(nian)),蒙古滅了金(jin)王朝。按照(zhao)蒙古與(yu)南(nan)宋(song)訂立的協議,滅金(jin)之后,南(nan)宋(song)王朝可收復失(shi)地,回汴京。然而(er),蒙古卻違約。南(nan)宋(song)不(bu)僅沒有收復中原(yuan),反(fan)而(er)失(shi)去(qu)更(geng)多(duo)的疆(jiang)土(tu)。在(zai)衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)定居的孔(kong)子世(shi)家(jia),再也不(bu)可能回到(dao)山(shan)東去(qu)。宋(song)理宗于(yu)寶祐元年(nian)(nian)(1253年(nian)(nian)),以現實的態度,準(zhun)衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou)孫子秀(xiu)之請,在(zai)衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou)(zhou)為孔(kong)子世(shi)家(jia),興(xing)建家(jia)廟。
宋理宗寶祐元年(nian)(公元1243年(nian))準許衢(qu)州知州孫子秀之請,撥款三(san)十(shi)六(liu)萬緡,興建(jian)了一座孔氏衢(qu)州家(jia)廟(miao),以衢(qu)州州學權代孔氏衢(qu)州家(jia)廟(miao)的局面,才告(gao)結束。州官孫子秀也因建(jian)孔氏衢(qu)州家(jia)廟(miao),而升為太常丞(cheng)。
元(yuan)朝(chao)建(jian)立,孔(kong)(kong)氏五十(shi)二(er)代(dai)孫(sun)時,元(yuan)世祖欲統一孔(kong)(kong)氏二(er)宗(zong)(zong),讓(rang)南(nan)(nan)宗(zong)(zong)仍回(hui)歸山(shan)東。而(er)(er)南(nan)(nan)宗(zong)(zong)五十(shi)二(er)代(dai)孫(sun)卻申奏朝(chao)廷(ting),意謂(wei)已有五代(dai)祖先(xian)在衢,舍之(zhi)(zhi)不忍(ren),并愿(yuan)將(jiang)世襲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)“衍圣公”封號讓(rang)于北宗(zong)(zong)孔(kong)(kong)氏族弟承襲(xi)。元(yuan)世祖聞之(zhi)(zhi)贊曰:“寧違(wei)榮而(er)(er)不違(wei)親,真圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)后也”,遂準其奏。自(zi)此,南(nan)(nan)宗(zong)(zong)失其爵位,社會地位日衰(shuai),曾(ceng)一度(du)淪為(wei)平民,直至(zhi)五十(shi)八代(dai)孫(sun)時,才(cai)又被朝(chao)廷(ting)冊(ce)封為(wei)“五經博(bo)士”爵號,子孫(sun)世襲(xi)。然(ran)而(er)(er),因(yin)其衰(shuai)落了幾個朝(chao)代(dai),加之(zhi)(zhi)衢州地處浙南(nan)(nan),乃歷代(dai)兵家爭奪要(yao)地,南(nan)(nan)宗(zong)(zong)孔(kong)(kong)廟屢遭浩劫,遠不如北宗(zong)(zong)山(shan)東曲(qu)阜孔(kong)(kong)府孔(kong)(kong)廟保存完好。故至(zhi)今(jin)只以北宗(zong)(zong)曲(qu)阜的孔(kong)(kong)氏家族為(wei)正(zheng)宗(zong)(zong)。
南宋和金的割據和對峙,導致中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的分(fen)裂(lie),也使得孔(kong)子裔孫南北隔離(li)。這種同(tong)時并存兩個宗子、兩個衍圣(sheng)公的分(fen)裂(lie)局面,長(chang)達150多年,但是積淀(dian)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族深層(ceng)的“大中(zhong)(zhong)華”“大一統(tong)”的思想,必然會(hui)促使分(fen)裂(lie)的中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo),重新歸于統(tong)一。
元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)完(wan)成統(tong)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)業之(zhi)后,發現了關(guan)于(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)世(shi)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)兩個情(qing)況:其一(yi)(yi),東平宣撫使姚樞起奏(zou)曰(yue):“太宗(zong)(zong)世(shi),詔孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)五(wu)十代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)元(yuan)(yuan)措壟(long)衍(yan)圣(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu),其子(zi)(zi)與族(zu)人爭襲(xi)爵”;其二,至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)十三年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1276年(nian))六月,元(yuan)(yuan)兵攻(gong)下衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou)時,發現衍(yan)圣(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)五(wu)十二世(shi)孫(sun)(sun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)仍然(ran)健(jian)在(zai)。為(wei)了維護中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)禮儀和傳統(tong),為(wei)了“大(da)(da)一(yi)(yi)統(tong)”的(de)(de)(de)帝國(guo)昌盛,經(jing)過數(shu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)調查和思考,元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)明確(que)了“孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)后,自宋南(nan)渡初,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)第四(si)十七(qi)世(shi)孫(sun)(sun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)端操第四(si)子(zi)(zi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玠寓衢(qu)(qu)。……孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)(sun)寓衢(qu)(qu)者乃(nai)其宗(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)。”至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)十九年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1282年(nian))十一(yi)(yi)月,元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)為(wei)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)世(shi)家(jia),下詔“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)衍(yan)圣(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)入覲,命歸曲阜襲(xi)封。”這項決定(ding)符合中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)封建宗(zong)(zong)法制度,有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)裔(yi)分離歸于(yu)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)。但是,在(zai)榮(rong)譽和利(li)祿到來的(de)(de)(de)時刻,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)衍(yan)圣(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)卻懷著仁義的(de)(de)(de)信念(nian),以(yi)衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou)有(you)(you)家(jia)廟,有(you)(you)五(wu)代(dai)先祖(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)陵墓(mu)以(yi)及年(nian)邁的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)母為(wei)由,請求(qiu)朝廷讓他(ta)回歸衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou),率已(yi)經(jing)南(nan)遷在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)眾多族(zu)人,繼續在(zai)衢(qu)(qu)州(zhou)奉祀孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)等列(lie)祖(zu)(zu)列(lie)宗(zong)(zong),懇請皇上將衍(yan)圣(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)爵位(wei)賜予曲阜的(de)(de)(de)族(zu)弟(di)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)治(zhi)。元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)同意了孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)請求(qiu),封孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)為(wei)“國(guo)子(zi)(zi)祭酒兼(jian)提舉浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)學校事”,并且給(gei)他(ta)“護持陵廟的(de)(de)(de)璽書(shu)”,對(dui)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)讓爵的(de)(de)(de)高尚品格(ge),元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)十分感慨地贊頌(song)說:“寧違榮(rong)而不違親,真(zhen)圣(sheng)人后也!”
元世(shi)祖(zu)的決策,造成了南(nan)遷的孔子后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)具有兩重身份(fen):一(yi)(yi)是仍(reng)然(ran)和過去一(yi)(yi)樣,具有一(yi)(yi)整套的宗族組織系統,讓了爵位(wei)的孔洙及其嫡長子孫,持有元世(shi)祖(zu)簽發的“護持陵廟(miao)的璽書”,仍(reng)然(ran)是這(zhe)個(ge)特(te)殊(shu)人群的首領。這(zhe)個(ge)特(te)殊(shu)人群,仍(reng)然(ran)以衢州家廟(miao)為祭祀場所,進(jin)行著正常的禮(li)儀活動。因(yin)此,南(nan)北(bei)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)孔子后(hou)(hou)裔(yi),雖然(ran)在元世(shi)祖(zu)的促使(shi)下互相認同了,但是孔子世(shi)家在實質上,仍(reng)然(ran)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen),一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)在曲(qu)阜(fu),一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)在衢州。
從孔(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)讓爵之后(hou),南宗(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)正統(tong)地(di)位(wei)被廢除。元朝統(tong)治(zhi)者為了(le)(le)避免孔(kong)(kong)氏南北兩(liang)宗(zong)(zong)日(ri)后(hou)相互嫌隙而生(sheng)爭執,更(geng)不(bu)允許南宗(zong)(zong)背忘(wang)孔(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)讓爵之風,制訂了(le)(le)《整治(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)氏弟子(zi)(zi)違犯家(jia)(jia)(jia)規》的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)章,修訂了(le)(le)《孔(kong)(kong)氏南宗(zong)(zong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)規》,立有(you)“遵(zun)制典(dian)”“端教源”“示勸懲”“防冒姓(xing)”“嚴詭(gui)寄”“守祀(si)田(tian)(tian)(tian)”“責報本”等條款,“行令(ling)在衢子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)永(yong)遵(zun)制典(dian),恪守祖(zu)風,有(you)違者以(yi)不(bu)忠不(bu)孝(xiao)論。置(zhi)之重典(dian),永(yong)有(you)敘(xu)錄。”如此種(zhong)種(zhong),格外嚴厲。這(zhe)樣,南宗(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)經(jing)濟地(di)位(wei)一落千(qian)丈(zhang),宗(zong)(zong)室(shi)逐(zhu)漸衰敗(bai)。他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)衣冠禮儀如同平民;祭田(tian)(tian)(tian)須納(na)(na)課稅,家(jia)(jia)(jia)廟無力維修;族人難入仕途,只(zhi)能沉浮于書(shu)院山長和儒學教諭之中。據《衢州東(dong)隅(yu)老執結為孔(kong)(kong)彥繩(sheng)實系南宗(zong)(zong)嫡(di)宗(zong)(zong)孫(sun)乞(qi)分豁祭田(tian)(tian)(tian)糧額事》記(ji)載,明(ming)洪武十(shi)九年(nian)(1386年(nian)),“因有(you)民人王希達隨母改嫁來家(jia)(jia)(jia)(南宗(zong)(zong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廟),相依住過(guo),冒投同籍(ji),本人為事累(lei)及(ji),前田(tian)(tian)(tian)抄沒(mei)入官,改科(ke)重糧壹(yi)佰貳拾(shi)陸石零(ling),以(yi)致子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)辦理納(na)(na)艱難,歲租不(bu)敷……”這(zhe)種(zhong)日(ri)見(jian)困(kun)苦的(de)(de)(de)歲月,南宗(zong)(zong)世家(jia)(jia)(jia)經(jing)歷了(le)(le)六代200余年(nian)。孔(kong)(kong)彥繩(sheng)尚且如此,其(qi)他(ta)南宗(zong)(zong)孔(kong)(kong)裔更(geng)趨窮(qiong)困(kun)潦(liao)倒,還有(you)能力培(pei)養人才嗎?這(zhe)樣,應該說,孔(kong)(kong)洙(zhu)讓爵是南宗(zong)(zong)中衰的(de)(de)(de)主要原因。