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基本介紹

安(an)(an)(an)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻系原(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)吉縣(xian)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻，在今安(an)(an)(an)吉縣(xian)安(an)(an)(an)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)，距(ju)遞鋪鎮(zhen)8公里，西(xi)苕溪西(xi)岸(an)。四周(zhou)平地，西(xi)1.6公里有金鐘山。

東(dong)漢靈帝(di)中平二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（185）安(an)吉(ji)立縣(xian)時，縣(xian)治(zhi)設在天目(mu)鄉（今(jin)孝豐鎮）。唐開元二(er)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（738）縣(xian)令(ling)孔志道遷治(zhi)于(yu)玉磬山東(dong)南。后又遷馬家渡西，即今(jin)安(an)城(cheng)鎮地。舊無城(cheng)郭。元末(mo)，明兵攻克安(an)吉(ji)、無帥費(fei)愚、總管張俊德于(yu)丙申年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1356）奉令(ling)來戌，始筑土城(cheng)；次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重砌以石(shi)，延伸(shen)長(chang)度六(liu)里，高二(er)丈(zhang)余。門(men)有四：東(dong)名迎春(chun)、南曰朝陽，西稱寶成，北號拱(gong)辰。城(cheng)瀕大溪，引水(shui)為(wei)濠，鑿濠為(wei)池，僅(jin)通舟筏(fa)。明洪武五(wu)、六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（1372-1373），知縣(xian)張士(shi)良創建(jian)四城(cheng)譙樓。嘉(jia)靖三十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1553）知州林壁重修，并(bing)建(jian)譙樓更鋪。三十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1554）知州江(jiang)一麟復加(jia)高3尺，內土岸砌石(shi)。嗣后，于(yu)明代天啟年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，清(qing)代雍(yong)正、乾隆(long)、咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間曾多次(ci)重修。

安(an)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻在歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)不僅具有防(fang)御(yu)功能，而且發(fa)揮(hui)了防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)作用(yong)。由于安(an)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)緊靠西苕溪，水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)湍急，經(jing)常(chang)發(fa)生洪(hong)(hong)災。明天啟(qi)三年(nian)（1623）洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)沖壞東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻二(er)十四(si)丈并馬路(lu)幫岸；清道(dao)光三十年(nian)（1850）洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)沖倒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻數十丈，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)遭殃(yang)。因而歷(li)代重視城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的維修，且在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)外邊(bian)砌有石質閘槽。南門(men)閘槽高1.66米(mi)，寬9厘(li)米(mi)，深5厘(li)米(mi)。以便(bian)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)到來之前，上(shang)閘板擋住洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

城墻(qiang)保(bao)存基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)整。除東門(men)（迎春門(men)）因修公路拆(chai)除、北(bei)門(men)（拱辰門(men)）頂部(bu)已有一部(bu)分(fen)拆(chai)掉以外，其它兩門(men)保(bao)存基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)好。城門(men)為磚石(shi)巷券頂式。現存城墻(qiang)高4.5米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)，原5米(mi)多。南門(men)內有“乾隆三十三年夏月署安(an)吉州(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou)事(shi)合肥張先岸監修”碑(bei)刻；北(bei)門(men)內有“咸(xian)豐元年知安(an)吉縣(xian)事(shi)長樂鄭廷(ting)珪監督紳董(dong)重(zhong)修”碑(bei)刻。