概況
真武山(shan)古建(jian)筑群(qun)位于(yu)四川省宜賓市市區內城西(xi)北的(de)(de)真武山(shan)上(shang),始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)萬(wan)歷二年(nian)(1574年(nian)),至(zhi)清中葉(xie)形成(cheng)以道教宮觀為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),融道、釋(shi)、儒三教文(wen)化為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體規模宏大的(de)(de)建(jian)筑群(qun)。廟以明(ming)代(dai)的(de)(de)玄祖殿為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),八(ba)座殿宇依山(shan)取勢,造型別異。廟占地約(yue)3.3萬(wan)平方米,建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)4,000平方米。廟群(qun)以明(ming)代(dai)建(jian)筑為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),清代(dai)建(jian)筑為(wei)(wei)輔,集樓、殿、坊(fang)、廊、橋池、洞(dong)、臺為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,是一(yi)組文(wen)化內涵(han)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)明(ming)、清建(jian)筑實(shi)例(li)。
1996年,真武山古建(jian)筑群由國(guo)務院公布(bu)為第四(si)批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保護單位。
歷史及構成
真武山(shan)宋名仙侶(lv)山(shan),明(ming)代(dai)已有(you)真武山(shan)、師來(lai)山(shan)等(deng)名稱(cheng)。明(ming)萬歷元年(1573)四(si)川巡撫曾省吾征討都掌人時(shi),托(tuo)詞真武祖師助其師,乃在山(shan)上增(zeng)建真武祠,后又續建不少廟(miao)宇。且由山(shan)腳至山(shan)頂修建石級,仿泰山(shan)分立中石坊三座(zuo)名門(men)天門(men)、二(er)天門(men)、三天門(men)。至清代(dai)共有(you)建筑(zhu)20余處,號稱(cheng)“川南道教名山(shan)”。今尚(shang)存古建筑(zhu)有(you)地姆宮、文昌宮等(deng)8處,占地面積(ji)共3.33公頃。
古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)依山(shan)取勢,錯落有(you)勢;且(qie)屹立岷江岸畔(pan),四周古(gu)(gu)木參天,詩(shi)情畫意,宛若(ruo)仙(xian)(xian)境。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中,玄祖殿建(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)歷二年(nian)(nian)(1574),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)156平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),殿前有(you)清(qing)建(jian)(jian)木石結(jie)構如意斗(dou)拱牌(pai)坊;祖師殿建(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)歷九年(nian)(nian)(1581),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)64平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),殿前架石橋曰"謁仙(xian)(xian)橋"。望不樓(lou)亦建(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)歷九年(nian)(nian),清(qing)乾隆(long)五十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1791)培(pei)修(xiu),為抬(tai)梁式(shi)三(san)(san)重檐歇山(shan)頂,第二層設(she)樓(lou),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)200平(ping)方(fang)米(mi);無量殿建(jian)(jian)于明代(dai),清(qing)康熙十二年(nian)(nian)(1673)重修(xiu),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約220平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),殿后為郁(yu)姑臺,其上曾(ceng)建(jian)(jian)有(you)遇仙(xian)(xian)樓(lou),今樓(lou)毀臺存(cun);斗(dou)姆宮(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)歷四十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1618),清(qing)代(dai)曾(ceng)予(yu)培(pei)修(xiu),由前、中、后三(san)(san)殿構成,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)250平(ping)方(fang)米(mi);三(san)(san)府宮(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)于清(qing)道光年(nian)(nian)間(1821~1850),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)638平(ping)方(fang)米(mi);文昌宮(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)重大殿始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于明隆(long)慶初(1567),增修(xiu)于清(qing)代(dai),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)876平(ping)方(fang)米(mi);地姆宮(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)于清(qing)代(dai),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)108平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。今真(zhen)武山(shan)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)已作為宜賓博物館(guan)(guan)館(guan)(guan)址。