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簡介

黎城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)座落在縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)河下街，坐北向南。該廟(miao)始建(jian)于宋天圣三年（1025年)。城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)將門作樓(lou)，系三層重檐(yan)，故俗稱三節樓(lou)。現存建(jian)筑主要(yao)有門樓(lou)和正(zheng)殿(dian)。門樓(lou)面闊(kuo)(kuo)三間，進深(shen)二間，屬明代風(feng)格(ge)。臺(tai)基呈長(chang)方形，長(chang)18米(mi)(mi)，寬12米(mi)(mi)臺(tai)高(gao)2.35米(mi)(mi)。 門樓(lou)正(zheng)中橫掛一(yi)匾，上書“群峰環翠(cui)”。屋頂形制為(wei)三層重檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂。正(zheng)脊(ji)、吻獸(shou)(shou)、垂(chui)獸(shou)(shou)、戧脊(ji)獸(shou)(shou)、套獸(shou)(shou)，均(jun)為(wei)黃綠相間琉(liu)璃(li)造(zao)。山(shan)花出際施博風(feng)板，懸魚作卷云如意式斗(dou)拱均(jun)為(wei)五鋪(pu)作雙(shuang)下昂(ang)。用材粗壯(zhuang)宏大，巍然壯(zhuang)觀，為(wei)黎城(cheng)(cheng)古建(jian)筑之冠。正(zheng)殿(dian)面闊(kuo)(kuo)五間、進深(shen)五間，六椽伏前(qian)后(hou)接乳(ru)，通檐(yan)用五柱，基本上為(wei)現代風(feng)格(ge)，臺(tai)基邊長(chang)18米(mi)(mi)，呈正(zheng)方形，臺(tai)高(gao)1.37米(mi)(mi)。 殿(dian)內(nei)一(yi)排前(qian)金枝，屋頂形制為(wei)懸山(shan)頂，正(zheng)脊(ji)、吻獸(shou)(shou)均(jun)為(wei)黃綠相間琉(liu)璃(li)造(zao)，斗(dou)拱均(jun)為(wei)五鋪(pu)作雙(shuang)下昂(ang)，威嚴肅穆。

現狀

山西省重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。在黎(li)(li)(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)正街與河(he)下街相交處北隅。坐北向南，原為兩進院(yuan)布局，現(xian)僅存前院(yuan)。廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)(nei)前有(you)山門(men)、后有(you)正殿(dian)，東西廂(xiang)房(fang)左右(you)配置，殿(dian)宇巍峨(e)，飛檐凌(ling)空，紅墻(qiang)綠瓦，莊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)樸。歷為黎(li)(li)(li)邑一大勝景(jing)。體現(xian)了古(gu)代中國(guo)勞(lao)動人(ren)民(min)(min)的聰明智慧和(he)高超的建(jian)筑(zhu)技藝。該廟(miao)(miao)創建(jian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代無考(kao)，據(ju)清(qing)康熙(xi)(xi)二十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1682）《黎(li)(li)(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》和(he)廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)(nei)碑刻記載：北宋(song)天(tian)(tian)圣三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1025）隨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)治遷變(bian)而遷建(jian)于(yu)今址。元至正十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1358），農(nong)民(min)(min)起義軍紅巾軍一支攻(gong)破黎(li)(li)(li)城(cheng)，城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)焚(fen)于(yu)兵火。明洪武(wu)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1369）于(yu)舊址重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)。嘉(jia)靖十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1357）六月，城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)山門(men)古(gu)樓（俗稱三節樓）傾塌，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)縉紳等措資財于(yu)是月二十(shi)(shi)九日興土再(zai)建(jian)，于(yu)嘉(jia)靖十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1539）六月五日竣工。清(qing)康熙(xi)(xi)四十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1701）二月重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修。咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1853）八月二十(shi)(shi)三日，太(tai)平(ping)天(tian)(tian)國(guo)北征軍林鳳(feng)翔所部，由潞(lu)入(ru)黎(li)(li)(li)，攻(gong)打縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)，三節樓被燒毀。咸(xian)豐(feng)(feng)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1858）重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)三節樓。宣統三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1911）再(zai)次重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修。中華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)成(cheng)立后，黎(li)(li)(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)(min)政府(fu)將其列入(ru)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府(fu)撥專款進行了維修彩繪。現(xian)已成(cheng)為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)博(bo)物(wu)館館址。

三節樓為(wei)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)之(zhi)門(men)樓。因屋(wu)頂(ding)形制為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)三滴水，故(gu)名之(zhi)。該樓面闊三間(jian)，進深兩間(jian)，通高約20米。臺基高峙，磚石砌(qi)臺，長(chang)18米，寬(kuan)12米，高2.35米。平面布局呈(cheng)長(chang)方形。屋(wu)頂(ding)為(wei)三層重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)歇山頂(ding)。樓內圓柱方額，斗拱密置，五踩斗拱雙下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)，昂(ang)呈(cheng)琴面式(shi)，梁架規整，結構緊(jin)俏(qiao)。樓頂(ding)滿覆琉(liu)璃，貓頭滴水皆(jie)備。吻(wen)獸均為(wei)黃綠琉(liu)璃相(xiang)間(jian)，山花出際施博風、懸魚、惹草、懸魚作如意(yi)式(shi)，十(shi)分精(jing)制。雖(sui)歷盡滄桑之(zhi)變，仍保留著(zhu)明代建筑風格。據明嘉靖三十(shi)一年(nian)（1552）冬，邑(yi)人靳惟精(jing)撰《重(zhong)(zhong)修城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)門(men)樓記》載：“予謂，天下(xia)(xia)城(cheng)隍皆(jie)有(you)(you)廟(miao)(miao)，廟(miao)(miao)必有(you)(you)門(men)，門(men)未必有(you)(you)樓也。唯此(ci)黎廟(miao)(miao)之(zhi)門(men)有(you)(you)樓，意(yi)在飾廟(miao)(miao)云爾。自(zi)有(you)(you)宋天圣三年(nian)乙丑遷創今縣，高城(cheng)深隍，其英靈(ling)之(zhi)氣(qi)寓于城(cheng)隍之(zhi)中，而實超(chao)乎城(cheng)隍之(zhi)表，萃(cui)而為(wei)神，受命于上帝以(yi)主斯(si)土者(zhe)，蓋五百二十(shi)八(ba)歲于今矣(yi)。其神棲有(you)(you)廟(miao)(miao)，肇構莫稽。”

正(zheng)殿位居(ju)門樓之北，面闊(kuo)五(wu)(wu)間(jian)，進深五(wu)(wu)間(jian)，平面布局正(zheng)方形，屋(wu)頂(ding)形制懸(xuan)山頂(ding)。圓柱(zhu)圓梁，四椽(chuan)栿，通檐(yan)用五(wu)(wu)柱(zhu)。殿內(nei)減前金柱(zhu)一(yi)(yi)排。前檐(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong)為五(wu)(wu)踩(cai)單下(xia)昂，明次(ci)間(jian)補間(jian)出(chu)斜拱(gong)。后檐(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong)為三踩(cai)當下(xia)昂。屋(wu)頂(ding)脊(ji)獸均(jun)為黃綠(lv)琉璃相間(jian)鴟(chi)吻、垂獸色調(diao)沉(chen)穩，制作精細，系清(qing)代(dai)(dai)中期所燒制。廟內(nei)新建(jian)碑(bei)(bei)廊一(yi)(yi)座，長約(yue)26米。廊內(nei)鑲(xiang)嵌陳列北魏造像碑(bei)(bei)，隋(sui)螭首造像碑(bei)(bei)，隋(sui)、唐、五(wu)(wu)代(dai)(dai)時期的墓志(zhi)銘及明清(qing)官衙(ya)各類(lei)行政(zheng)明文碑(bei)(bei)等(deng)二十余通（方）。

布局

城隍廟(miao)在黎(li)城縣城內正街(jie)。廟(miao)座北(bei)向(xiang)南，原為(wei)兩進院(yuan)(yuan)，現(xian)僅存前院(yuan)(yuan)。廟(miao)內前有(you)山門，后有(you)正殿(dian)，東西(xi)廂房左右配置，殿(dian)宇巍峨，飛檐凌空，紅墻綠瓦，莊重古樸，歷為(wei)黎(li)邑一大勝景。該廟(miao)創(chuang)建年(nian)代無(wu)考，據清康熙《黎(li)城縣志》和廟(miao)內碑(bei)刻記載，北(bei)宋天圣三年(nian)（1025）隨縣治遷變而遷建于今址。

元至正十八年（1358），農民起義(yi)軍(jun)紅(hong)巾軍(jun)一支攻破(po)黎城，城隍廟焚于兵火。明(ming)洪武二年（1369）于舊(jiu)址重建(jian)，明(ming)清各朝均有(you)修(xiu)葺。1982年縣政府撥專款(kuan)進行了維(wei)修(xiu)彩(cai)繪，現為縣博物館館址。 三節(jie)樓(lou)為城隍廟之門樓(lou)。因屋頂(ding)形制(zhi)為重檐(yan)(yan)三滴水，故名之。該樓(lou)面闊(kuo)三間(jian)，進深兩間(jian)，通高約20米。臺基(ji)高崎(qi)，磚(zhuan)石砌臺，平面布(bu)局呈長方形。屋頂(ding)為三層重檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding)，樓(lou)頂(ding)滿覆琉璃，裝(zhuang)修(xiu)十分精致，為明(ming)代中國建(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)。

正殿位居門樓之北(bei)，面闊(kuo)五(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian)，進(jin)深五(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian)，平面布局正方形(xing)，屋(wu)頂形(xing)制(zhi)懸山(shan)頂。圓(yuan)柱(zhu)圓(yuan)梁(liang)，四椽袱(fu)對前(qian)后乳袱(fu)，通檐用(yong)五(wu)(wu)柱(zhu)。殿內減前(qian)金柱(zhu)一(yi)排(pai)。前(qian)檐斗拱(gong)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)踩雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)昂，明次間(jian)(jian)補間(jian)(jian)出斜拱(gong)。后檐斗拱(gong)為(wei)(wei)三(san)踩單下(xia)(xia)昂。屋(wu)頂脊獸均為(wei)(wei)黃綠(lv)琉璃(li)相間(jian)(jian)，鴟吻、垂獸色(se)調沉穩，制(zhi)作(zuo)精細，系清(qing)代中期所燒制(zhi)。

廟內(nei)新建碑(bei)廊(lang)，長26米。廊(lang)內(nei)鑲嵌陳(chen)列北魏造像碑(bei)，隋螭首浮圖碑(bei)，隋、唐、五(wu)代時期的墓志銘及明(ming)清(qing)官衙各類行(xing)政明(ming)文碑(bei)等20余通(tong)。城隍廟現已成為縣城內(nei)一處重要的游覽場(chang)所。

來由

宋代(dai)(dai)民間(jian)(jian)普遍信仰(yang)，明代(dai)(dai)朱元璋推(tui)崇有加。在(zai)宋代(dai)(dai)，城隍(huang)信仰(yang)已是民間(jian)(jian)非常普遍的信仰(yang)了，元代(dai)(dai)文宗天歷年(nian)間(jian)(jian)，朝廷(ting)讓城隍(huang)爺配享夫人，從此城隍(huang)廟里就有了寢殿，專門(men)供奉城隍(huang)爺及城隍(huang)夫人。

到了(le)(le)明代，朱(zhu)元璋(zhang)更是推崇有加,相傳朱(zhu)元璋(zhang)稱帝之(zhi)前,曾經宿(su)身城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)而幸免(mian)大難.朱(zhu)元璋(zhang)稱帝之(zhi)后,于洪武元年(公(gong)(gong)元1368年),下(xia)旨封(feng)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)司顯(xian)佑(you)王，職(zhi)位正(zheng)(zheng)一品(pin)；與朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)的太師、太傅、太保“三(san)公(gong)(gong)”和左右丞相平級(ji)。同時(shi)封(feng)各(ge)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)司民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)威靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)、職(zhi)位正(zheng)(zheng)二品(pin)；封(feng)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)司民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)顯(xian)佑(you)侯，職(zhi)位正(zheng)(zheng)三(san)品(pin)；封(feng)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)司民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)顯(xian)佑(you)伯(bo)，職(zhi)位正(zheng)(zheng)四品(pin)。正(zheng)(zheng)是在這一時(shi)期，各(ge)州府(fu)縣(xian)(xian)，紛(fen)紛(fen)修建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)。都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)由皇帝親自(zi)勅(chi)建，皇宮撥付銀兩，廟(miao)(miao)內住持由朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)直接任命(ming)，各(ge)府(fu)、州、縣(xian)(xian)則按照等(deng)級(ji)，依次效仿，規模等(deng)級(ji)完全參照地方(fang)官署衙門(men)，按級(ji)別配制冕毓官服。明洪武三(san)年（公(gong)(gong)元1370）年朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)(ting)頒布(bu)了(le)(le)專門(men)祭(ji)祀城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)的典章制度。并(bing)下(xia)詔(zhao)去(qu)除了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)封(feng)號，封(feng)京都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)“都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)”。其它只稱某府(fu)某州或(huo)某縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)。