山西(xi)省重點(dian)文物保護(hu)單位。在潞城縣東(dong)南5千米處的東(dong)邑鄉東(dong)邑村中,東(dong)北(bei)緊依盧醫山,西(xi)南與農舍毗鄰居,松柏蒼(cang)翠,綠樹成蔭,景色十分優(you)雅。該廟(miao)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)年代不(bu)詳,金代以后多次重修(xiu)。 始建(jian)(jian)年代不(bu)詳。廟(miao)坐北(bei)朝南,兩進(jin)院落,存(cun)有山門、戲臺、正殿(dian),及耳殿(dian)、廂房等。正殿(dian)面闊三間,進(jin)深六椽(chuan),單檐懸山頂;因為后時屢有修(xiu)繕,所以風格雜糅,但是殿(dian)內梁(liang)架保留了大叉手(shou)、平梁(liang),基本保留了金代原建(jian)(jian)時的特點(dian)。
東(dong)邑村距縣(xian)城東(dong)南(nan)約(yue)5公里(li),古稱黃邑,舊屬(shu)葛(ge)井鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。平順(shun)九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)圣母(mu)廟(miao)(miao)碑(bei)(bei)《重修(xiu)九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)圣母(mu)廟(miao)(miao)記》中記載(zai):“古潞子嬰兒之國東(dong)南(nan)數十里(li)有葛(ge)井鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之東(dong)社曰圣母(mu)谷,谷之四面,山明水(shui)秀,石怪木老,乃太行左也。”因“相傳葛(ge)洪師事鮑(bao)元(yuan),學(xue)道于此”,故又名葛(ge)井山。東(dong)峪南(nan)山有“神泉”,“俗(su)傳里(li)人見一(yi)白虎入南(nan)山下,覓至(zhi)山不見,止存一(yi)木箭(jian),拔箭(jian)得水(shui),故名。”這里(li)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)林立,古有葛(ge)洪祠,即《潞州(zhou)潞城縣(xian)三池東(dong)圣母(mu)仙鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之碑(bei)(bei)》所謂的“蓋(gai)井葛(ge)仙公煉(lian)藥之宮”,還有圓寂寺(si),“在(zai)潞城縣(xian)東(dong)南(nan)十里(li)葛(ge)井山下,唐天(tian)祐年(nian)建,今(jin)廢(fei)。”今(jin)存圣母(mu)廟(miao)(miao)、龍王廟(miao)(miao),可(ke)以想象到當年(nian)香火(huo)繚繞,云(yun)蒸霞蔚的景象。
龍(long)王廟位于村(cun)東(dong)北(bei)(bei),東(dong)臨五(wu)道溝,坐北(bei)(bei)面南,俯臨村(cun)莊,兩(liang)進院(yuan)落。山門(men)三(san)間(jian),兩(liang)側連(lian)接八字影壁墻,與(yu)(yu)兩(liang)側圍墻貫通。入山門(men)靠西處有一眼水井,和祈(qi)雨有關(guan)。山門(men)內兩(liang)側各為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)間(jian)廂(xiang)房,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)甬道直通戲臺,構成第一院(yuan)落,南北(bei)(bei)進深12.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬16.7米(mi)(mi)(mi);戲臺下為(wei)(wei)(wei)通道,上為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)間(jian)倒座戲臺,正(zheng)殿與(yu)(yu)戲臺相對(dui),以(yi)甬道相連(lian),兩(liang)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)西配殿各五(wu)間(jian)及廂(xiang)房各三(san)間(jian),正(zheng)北(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大殿三(san)間(jian),東(dong)西耳殿各三(san)間(jian),構成第二進院(yuan)落。南北(bei)(bei)進深26.9米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬16.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)。龍(long)王廟布局規整(zheng)有序(xu),符合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳(chuan)統建(jian)筑以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,左右對(dui)稱的布局格式(shi)。
山門(men)(men)三間(jian),單檐(yan)(yan)硬山頂(ding),面闊8.31米(mi), 進(jin)深6.3米(mi),明間(jian)中部設板門(men)(men)兩(liang)扇,前檐(yan)(yan)柱頭(tou)斗栱四鋪作,單下昂(ang)(琴面)卷云(yun)耍頭(tou),補間(jian)斗栱雙下昂(ang),上昂(ang)后(hou)尾挑入垂蓮柱,上承托(tuo)在中金(jin)檁(lin)下皮,后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)為一(yi)斗三升。梁架由四栿、平梁、插(cha)手構成,灰布瓦頂(ding),磚木結(jie)構,從建(jian)筑(zhu)形制和藝術構件(jian)的特征看,應(ying)是清(qing)代遺(yi)物。東側廂(xiang)房(fang)用(yong)作伙房(fang),西側廂(xiang)房(fang)用(yong)作宿舍,宿舍門(men)(men)窗開向廟外(wai),均(jun)拆改(gai)為現代建(jian)筑(zhu)。
戲(xi)臺三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),倒座式,即(ji)坐(zuo)南朝北,面(mian)(mian)(mian)向(xiang)正(zheng)殿(dian),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊9.9、進深6.56米,單檐硬山頂,灰布瓦(wa)頂。上下兩(liang)層,下層為(wei)通道,通道頂部鋪木板,正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)向(xiang)山門(men))墻體(ti)直(zhi)達檐口。中間(jian)(jian)(jian)開(kai)方形(xing)門(men),上部做拱形(xing)門(men)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),沙(sha)石(shi)材質(zhi),雕刻蓮(lian)花、龍(long)、蓮(lian)瓣圖案,上方鑲(xiang)“民生潤澤”石(shi)匾(0.75米×2.46米)一塊。背面(mian)(mian)(mian)(戲(xi)臺正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)),明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)下部為(wei)長(chang)方形(xing)門(men)洞(dong),東側石(shi)砌(qi)臺階,可(ke)達上層。戲(xi)臺前檐斗栱四(si)(si)鋪作單下昂(ang),卷云式昂(ang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。柱頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斗栱耍頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)為(wei)象(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),補間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)雀替為(wei)龍(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),兩(liang)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)象(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。梁架(jia)由(you)四(si)(si)椽栿(fa)、平(ping)梁構成。梁架(jia)殘存部分有彩畫,無壁畫。臺口被門(men)窗壘(lei)砌(qi)封(feng)閉,兩(liang)側東西耳房已被拆除,但建(jian)筑和(he)架(jia)檁的痕跡清晰可(ke)辨,應為(wei)唱(chang)戲(xi)時(shi)化裝、休息的場所(suo)。
正殿(dian)是龍王廟主要(yao)的建(jian)筑,位(wei)于中軸線北端,坐落在長14.76、寬13.5、高1米(mi)的臺(tai)基(ji)之上,臺(tai)基(ji)東、西、南三(san)面(mian)設(she)(she)臺(tai)階。正殿(dian)三(san)間,面(mian)闊(kuo)13.24、進深11.97米(mi),單檐(yan)懸山頂(ding),灰瓦,大(da)吻、垂(chui)獸、戧獸、套獸均(jun)為琉(liu)璃雕(diao)花,正脊(ji)每(mei)面(mian)6條龍,垂(chui)脊(ji)雕(diao)鳳,均(jun)配飾牡丹,可惜垂(chui)脊(ji)只留(liu)一條脊(ji)剎,有“嘉慶元(yuan)年五(wu)月(yue)立”題記。明(ming)間設(she)(she)板(ban)門(已毀),兩次(ci)(ci)間為坎墻直欞窗,明(ming)間覆盆柱礎,青石(shi)淺雕(diao)云龍圖案,次(ci)(ci)間為方(fang)形石(shi)料(liao)基(ji)座。
砌上露明造(zao)(zao),舉架平(ping)緩,減柱(zhu)造(zao)(zao),方形抹棱金柱(zhu)、山(shan)柱(zhu),檐柱(zhu)收殺、側腳,柱(zhu)頭卷剎顯(xian)著,設(she)欄額普(pu)拍枋。用材自然粗放,面不規整,圓木(mu)稍加砍(kan)制便使用,采用乳栿(fa)(fa)(fa)對四椽栿(fa)(fa)(fa),栿(fa)(fa)(fa)上兩蜀柱(zhu)(有(you)方形、圓形)上有(you)大斗(dou),平(ping)梁(liang)座于斗(dou)內,縱向(xiang)出(chu)栱托替木(mu)、承(cheng)金檁(lin),蜀柱(zhu)間(jian)(jian)由(you)縱向(xiang)襻間(jian)(jian)枋連接(jie)。平(ping)梁(liang)上設(she)插(cha)手(shou),脊瓜柱(zhu)下設(she)置合(he)■,上承(cheng)大斗(dou)捧接(jie)令栱、替木(mu)承(cheng)托脊檁(lin)。侏儒柱(zhu)下插(cha)合(he)■,蜀柱(zhu)下用駝(tuo)峰(feng),合(he)■、駝(tuo)峰(feng)兼而用之的做法較為少見。各(ge)縫梁(liang)架結構(gou)處理一致,四椽栿(fa)(fa)(fa)插(cha)入(ru)后(hou)墻內設(she)后(hou)檐柱(zhu)承(cheng)托,椽頭卷剎明顯(xian)。墻體均(jun)為坎磨青灰(hui)磚砌筑(zhu),正面兩次間(jian)(jian)設(she)坎墻,兩山(shan)墻及后(hou)墻均(jun)砌至檐口。
柱頭(tou)斗栱(gong):五鋪作,單(dan)抄單(dan)下昂(ang),耍頭(tou)昂(ang)形,重(zhong)(zhong)拱計心造。里轉四鋪作,出華拱一(yi)挑,第二跳(tiao)昂(ang)后尾作雀替狀承(cheng)托乳(ru)栿。正身耍頭(tou)為真昂(ang)與令拱相交上承(cheng)隨檁枋、檁檐,后尾由乳(ru)栿駝峰(feng)承(cheng)托,上座大(da)斗,下承(cheng)金檁,在結構中起著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)要的作用(yong)。
明(ming)間補(bu)間斗(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong):五鋪(pu)作(zuo),單抄單下昂(ang),重拱(gong)計心(xin)造。櫨斗(dou)作(zuo)圓(yuan)形,共(gong)12瓣,第一(yi)跳華栱(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)出(chu)45°斜(xie)栱(gong)(gong)(gong),第二(er)(er)跳下昂(ang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)出(chu)45°斜(xie)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)縫(feng)(feng),令栱(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)長,正身為昂(ang),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)45°出(chu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)縫(feng)(feng)耍頭,上(shang)承隨檁(lin)(lin)枋、檐(yan)檁(lin)(lin)里轉五鋪(pu)作(zuo),偷(tou)心(xin)造。華栱(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)45°斜(xie)出(chu)耍頭,上(shang)昂(ang)后尾插入垂連柱,上(shang)承金(jin)(jin)檁(lin)(lin)。它和(he)五臺山佛光寺文殊(shu)殿明(ming)間補(bu)間斗(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)形制(zhi)如(ru)出(chu)一(yi)轍。這種在45°角線上(shang)出(chu)龐大的(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)縫(feng)(feng),第二(er)(er)跳加(jia)至四(si)縫(feng)(feng),使斗(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)如(ru)同怒放的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)束(shu),是遼金(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)代斗(dou)栱(gong)(gong)(gong)獨有的(de)(de)(de)構造特征,金(jin)(jin)代尤為顯(xian)著(zhu)。
次間(jian)補間(jian)斗栱:正(zheng)身(shen)與明間(jian)結構基本一致,唯櫨(lu)斗作(zuo)六瓣,二、三跳45°斜栱耍(shua)頭一縫,三令(ling)栱作(zuo)鴛鴦交(jiao)首狀,出斜栱。
金柱斗栱(gong):四鋪作,設欄額,斗栱(gong)十字相(xiang)交,承托四椽栿(fa)與乳栿(fa)結(jie)點,縱向有襻間枋(fang)。正身栱(gong)做雀替狀(zhuang)施于乳栿(fa)下。從(cong)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)看,正殿主要構(gou)件是金代物。
東西(xi)耳殿各(ge)三間,通(tong)面闊7.5米,前插廊,單檐(yan)硬山(shan)頂,縱(zong)向磚(zhuan)券窯洞。面為(wei)(wei)三間實為(wei)(wei)一間,明間后墻砌拱形神龕,布筒板瓦,脊為(wei)(wei)雕龍(long)圖案(an)。
東(dong)(dong)西配殿及廂房分設于大殿、戲臺(tai)與山門兩側,均為硬山式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu),自(zi)北而南配殿五間有前廊,中間三間,南端三間,建(jian)筑(zhu)已被修(xiu)改得面目全非(fei),唯東(dong)(dong)側中間三間可(ke)看出清代樣式(shi)。
正殿前臺基上,東西各蹲一石獅,被(bei)移至(zhi)學(xue)校(xiao)門前。廟(miao)中碑刻在“文革”期間(jian)遺失,現今還沒有找到其創始年代(dai)的文字記(ji)載。
龍王廟(miao)布局規整對稱(cheng),保(bao)存完整,“神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)與(yu)戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)結(jie)合(he)構成(cheng)神(shen)(shen)廟(miao),是(shi)北(bei)宋以后中(zhong)國本(ben)土宗教(jiao)場所的(de)(de)顯(xian)著特征(zheng)。”他們結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)思想基礎是(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)的(de)(de)“興(xing)于(yu)禮(li),成(cheng)于(yu)樂”的(de)(de)禮(li)樂觀,神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)象征(zheng)著禮(li),戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)象征(zheng)著樂,禮(li)樂是(shi)祭祀的(de)(de)兩面。“無戲(xi)樓則廟(miao)貌不(bu)稱(cheng),無戲(xi)樓則觀瞻不(bu)雅”,沒有戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),“不(bu)惟(wei)戲(xi)無以演(yan),神(shen)(shen)無以奉,抑且為(wei)一(yi)村之(zhi)羞也(ye),這種思想體(ti)現(xian)了(le)“禮(li)以節人,樂以和人”的(de)(de)禮(li)樂制度對中(zhong)國社(she)會的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。晉東南地區多神(shen)(shen)廟(miao),每年的(de)(de)雩祭儀式和春祈(qi)秋報(bao)相結(jie)合(he),造就了(le)當地以取水求雨(yu)為(wei)主旨(zhi)的(de)(de)獨(du)特的(de)(de)賽社(she)活(huo)動(dong)。
農業社會,人們大(da)的企盼就是風調雨順,來(lai)年(nian)能有好(hao)收成。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)作為(wei)司雨水之(zhi)神(shen),便格外(wai)受(shou)到人們的尊崇(chong)。早(zao)在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)始皇(huang)時(shi)(shi),就有“黃帝得土德(de),黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)地寅見。夏得木德(de),青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)止(zhi)于郊……今(jin)秦(qin)變周,水德(de)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。昔(xi)秦(qin)文公出獵(lie),獲黑龍(long)(long)(long)(long),此(ci)其(qi)水德(de)之(zhi)瑞(rui)”的記載。到漢(han)代,民(min)間(jian)出現了以(yi)五色(se)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)祈雨的習(xi)俗。《唐(tang)志》:“上(shang)黨有五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)。”《十(shi)(shi)六(liu)國春秋(qiu)》:“西(xi)燕慕容(rong)永時(shi)(shi)有五色(se)云(yun)見于此(ci),遇旱禱(dao)雨輒應(ying)(ying),因置祠(ci)以(yi)祀(si)五方之(zhi)神(shen)。”據《宋會要輯稿》記載:“國朝緣唐(tang)祭五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)制,春秋(qiu)常行其(qi)祀(si)。先(xian)是熙寧十(shi)(shi)年(nian)八月(yue)信州有五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)廟(miao),禱(dao)雨有應(ying)(ying),賜額(e)曰:‘會應(ying)(ying)’。自(zi)是五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)皆以(yi)此(ci)名額(e)云(yun)。徽宗大(da)觀二年(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue),詔天下五龍(long)(long)(long)(long)廟(miao)皆封(feng)王(wang)(wang)爵。青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)廣仁王(wang)(wang),赤龍(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)嘉澤王(wang)(wang),黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)孚應(ying)(ying)王(wang)(wang),白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)義濟王(wang)(wang),黑龍(long)(long)(long)(long)神(shen)封(feng)靈(ling)澤王(wang)(wang)。”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)由民(min)俗之(zhi)神(shen)上(shang)升為(wei)祀(si)典之(zhi)神(shen),為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)修建廟(miao)宇(yu)成為(wei)理所當然的事(shi)情,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)往(wang)往(wang)建在(zai)(zai)有泉(quan)、池、井(jing)的地方,因為(wei)這里(li)能“禱(dao)雨而(er)(er)應(ying)(ying)”。晉(jin)東南的府州縣志及現存石刻,到處都有禱(dao)取“神(shen)水”而(er)(er)“靈(ling)應(ying)(ying)”降雨的記錄。潞城東邑龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)山(shan)門西(xi)側(ce)有井(jing),應(ying)(ying)為(wei)禱(dao)雨取水之(zhi)池。
雩祭(ji)作為一種祈雨的儀式(shi),分為官(guan)辦(ban)和民辦(ban)兩類。
從商(shang)周開始,祭祀便和禮樂相伴(ban),是(shi)國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要行為(wei)。官方主持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭祀活動(dong)正式(shi)莊重、規范高雅。而這種帶有(you)宗教色彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮樂祭祀在(zai)(zai)轉變為(wei)民間(jian)集體行為(wei)時,往往帶有(you)了娛樂游戲的(de)(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)。“祭禮”漸(jian)漸(jian)演變成“戲禮”(蘇東坡語)。學(xue)者王國維在(zai)(zai)論及(ji)上古(gu)戲劇時說:“巫之(zhi)事(shi)神(shen),必用歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)”,“歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)之(zhi)興,其(qi)始于古(gu)之(zhi)巫乎?”在(zai)(zai)雩(yu)祭儀(yi)式(shi)中(zhong),女巫擔任主角(jiao)。廖(liao)奔先(xian)生認為(wei)“雩(yu)祭的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于‘以舞(wu)降神(shen)’以祈雨,其(qi)中(zhong)歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)媚神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)比較大,它出現在(zai)(zai)農業(ye)文(wen)明興起之(zhi)后。”歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)淀(dian)和文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)過濾(lv),“歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)媚神(shen)”已演變為(wei)歌(ge)(ge)舞(wu)娛人,民間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迎神(shen)賽社卻呈現出公(gong)眾性的(de)(de)(de)(de)狂歡。人們在(zai)(zai)這種周期性的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)式(shi)中(zhong)舒展著疲憊的(de)(de)(de)(de)身心,釋放著壓抑的(de)(de)(de)(de)情感。和官辦(ban)雩(yu)祭枯(ku)燥乏(fa)味相比,民間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雩(yu)祭儀(yi)式(shi)要熱鬧得多。
潞城東邑村龍(long)王(wang)廟的迎(ying)神賽社定在每年農歷二(er)月初(chu)二(er)和六(liu)月初(chu)六(liu),二(er)月二(er)是傳統龍(long)抬(tai)頭(tou)的日子(zi),因為(wei)二(er)月初(chu)處于驚(jing)蟄(zhe)前(qian)后,蟄(zhe)伏一冬的各種動物恢(hui)復(fu)活力,龍(long)也(ye)要蘇醒過來(lai)履行它降雨的職責。從時節上來(lai)說(shuo),二(er)月進(jin)入仲春(chun)季節,這時陽氣上升(sheng),大地復(fu)蘇,春(chun)耕播種非常需要土壤(rang)濕潤(run),保(bao)有水(shui)分,若是天(tian)公降雨,無疑(yi)是農民的一大福祉(zhi)。六(liu)月初(chu)六(liu)正值谷物秀(xiu)而(er)未實,或實而(er)未堅,農夫希望普(pu)降甘霖(lin),秋天(tian)才會獲(huo)得豐收。另(ling)外,如果禱雨而(er)應,祈得甘澤,也(ye)應演(yan)戲酬報(bao),謝過龍(long)王(wang)。
祈雨(yu)之(zhi)前,會首要做許(xu)多準備(bei)工作(zuo),安(an)排好(hao)求(qiu)雨(yu)、演戲(xi)、社火等各項(xiang)事宜。主禮通常由(you)陰(yin)陽先生(sheng)擔任,廚師負(fu)責煮花祭(ji)、備(bei)供饌,祭(ji)樂(le)樂(le)戶承應(ying),執(zhi)役村民(min)分管,鄉人(ren)表演社火。可以說,不(bu)分貧富貴賤,不(bu)論階層行(xing)業(ye),全民(min)都參(can)與到祭(ji)祀與狂歡(huan)之(zhi)中,勞作(zuo)的辛(xin)苦得(de)到釋(shi)放,情感得(de)以宣(xuan)泄(xie)。
廟(miao)會(hui)通常五天。第一天是(shi)隆重的(de)祈(qi)雨儀式和社火表演。第一項是(shi)祭(ji)拜取(qu)水。會(hui)首(shou)帶領(ling)(ling)男村民(min),人(ren)人(ren)頭帶柳圈,手執(zhi)柳條,依次進入龍(long)王廟(miao)正殿(dian),專(zhuan)人(ren)端上(shang)花祭(ji)、供(gong)饌及長頸陶(tao)(tao)瓶,上(shang)香跪(gui)拜,三(san)禮(li)九叩(kou),肅穆虔禱。龍(long)王坐像近一米(mi)高,木架支成(cheng)空心,泥塑,涂以油彩,黑臉,雙(shuang)目迥然。拜畢,會(hui)首(shou)手捧陶(tao)(tao)瓶,舉過頭頂,領(ling)(ling)村民(min)走至山門左側井(jing)口旁(pang),用(yong)紅繩(sheng)系瓶口,徐徐放如井(jing)中,俯首(shou)噤聲,點(dian)燃香枝,頻頻叩(kou)首(shou)。禮(li)畢,將紅繩(sheng)系到旁(pang)邊的(de)柳樹上(shang),等(deng)待龍(long)王賜雨。曬龍(long)王儀式結(jie)束后,恭恭敬(jing)敬(jing)地取(qu)回(hui)神水,供(gong)奉(feng)在大殿(dian)的(de)供(gong)桌上(shang)。井(jing)水旱不(bu)枯,澇(lao)不(bu)溢,在民(min)間傳說(shuo)中被(bei)認為是(shi)通向神秘世界東海龍(long)王居所(suo)的(de)海眼(yan)。
第二項是熱(re)鬧的(de)(de)曬龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)巡(xun)街活動(dong)(dong)。幾個年輕力壯的(de)(de)小(xiao)伙子將龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)爺抬到(dao)坐架上,扛著出(chu)行,因為(wei)(wei)是為(wei)(wei)民求雨,大家都很樂于出(chu)力。八音會(hui)細(xi)(xi)吹細(xi)(xi)打(da),在前面鳴鑼開道(dao),龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)爺緊隨其(qi)后(hou),會(hui)首帶領眾鄉親浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩蕩從龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)廟出(chu)發,順街出(chu)村,沿田間地壟(long)到(dao)附近的(de)(de)三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)腦(nao)祭(ji)拜,然后(hou)返回,把(ba)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)爺放回正(zheng)殿。三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)腦(nao)已無(wu)遺跡可考,但當地的(de)(de)百姓認為(wei)(wei)三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)管一切神靈,所以龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)出(chu)動(dong)(dong)一次,有必要祭(ji)拜三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)。三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)有上三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、中(zhong)三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、下三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)說(shuo)法。上三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)指(zhi)天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、地皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、人皇(huang)(huang)(huang),他們(men)是傳說(shuo)中(zhong)天、地、人的(de)(de)祖先,其(qi)中(zhong)天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)氣,地皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)德,人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)主(zhu)生。中(zhong)三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)伏羲(xi)、女(nv)媧、神農。下三(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)是黃(huang)帝、堯、舜。
曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)這(zhe)種儀(yi)式,大(da)概源于幾(ji)種想法:第(di)一,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是喜靜不(bu)喜動的(de)動物,平時潛(qian)居幽深的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)洞(dong)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井之(zhi)中,現(xian)在(zai)敲鑼打鼓這(zhe)么(me)一鬧騰,便(bian)會興風(feng)作(zuo)浪(lang),布雨(yu)(yu)降霖。第(di)二(er),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)為司雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)神,應該讓它(ta)及時了(le)解民間(jian)旱(han)情,不(bu)能褻(xie)守瀆職,不(bu)管老百姓疾(ji)苦。第(di)三,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)爺怕熱,被放在(zai)太陽(yang)下暴曬(shai)(shai),曬(shai)(shai)出(chu)汗了(le),流(liu)到人間(jian)便(bian)是甘露。考究曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)這(zhe)一習(xi)俗的(de)由來,龔維英(ying)先生(sheng)認為讓龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)受苦源于讓巫(wu)覡受苦。他說(shuo):“本世(shi)50年代初期,農(nong)民抗旱(han),尚(shang)‘烤龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)’求(qiu)雨(yu)(yu),即曝巫(wu)之(zhi)遺存(cun)。”但(dan)把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)當作(zuo)巫(wu)覡,似乎有(you)點勉強(qiang)。苑(yuan)利先生(sheng)認為:“曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)實際上源于上古(gu)另(ling)一種更古(gu)老的(de)習(xi)俗——造土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。”但(dan)為什么(me)造土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)會致(zhi)雨(yu)(yu),不(bu)得(de)而(er)知。《淮(huai)南子(zi)·墜形訓(xun)》云:“土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)致(zhi)雨(yu)(yu)。”高(gao)誘注曰:“湯(tang)遭旱(han),作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以象龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),云從龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),故致(zhi)雨(yu)(yu)也。”《山海經·大(da)荒東經》曰:“旱(han)而(er)為應龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)狀,乃得(de)大(da)雨(yu)(yu)。”說(shuo)得(de)就是造土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求(qiu)雨(yu)(yu)。宋真(zhen)宗(zong)咸平元年(998年),“內出(chu)李祈雨(yu)(yu)法,以甲乙日擇東方地(di)作(zuo)壇,取土(tu)(tu)(tu)造青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),詣龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所汲流(liu)水。”有(you)可能是因(yin)為土(tu)(tu)(tu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是用泥做的(de),需(xu)要在(zai)太陽(yang)下暴曬(shai)(shai)才可定形,所以有(you)了(le)曬(shai)(shai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)這(zhe)一風(feng)俗。
接下(xia)來是比較刺激(ji)(ji)的斬旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)儀式。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)是中國神(shen)話中干(gan)旱(han)(han)的制(zhi)造(zao)者,《詩經·云漢》有(you)語(yu)“旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)為虐,如(ru)焱如(ru)焚(fen)”。旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)的制(zhi)作方法很簡單,用(yong)樹(shu)枝做個身(shen)子(zi)骨架,外面用(yong)彩紙糊(hu)裱,菜瓜做頭,掏(tao)空(kong)瓜瓤,注進(jin)紅水,封嚴。把旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)放到平板車(che)上(shang),沿街游(you)行,回到龍王廟后(hou),主(zhu)禮歷數旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)的種(zhong)種(zhong)罪狀,然后(hou)一聲喝令,旁邊手(shou)執利刃(ren)的小伙子(zi)一刀砍下(xia)旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)的頭,“鮮血”淋漓。不過現在旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)的制(zhi)作多了幾分(fen)游(you)戲的心態,紙糊(hu)的旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba)身(shen)子(zi)里填滿鞭炮,頭應聲倒地之后(hou),身(shen)子(zi)也噼里啪啦燃燒起(qi)來,頗為刺激(ji)(ji)。百姓認為除掉旱(han)(han)魃(ba)(ba),才(cai)會風(feng)調雨(yu)順(shun),五谷豐登。
最后(hou)進行的(de)是紅火(huo)熱鬧的(de)社火(huo)表演,“扛裝”、“晃(huang)杠”、“踩蹺”是傳統的(de)表演項目,下面逐一(yi)介(jie)紹。
扛裝(zhuang):一成年男(nan)子(zi)肩(jian)負鐵(tie)架,架上安一根1米多(duo)長(chang)的(de)鐵(tie)棍,棍端(duan)(duan)橫懸一圓形支(zhi)架,支(zhi)架的(de)下(xia)端(duan)(duan)是用布做(zuo)成的(de)卡通動物(wu),一位五(wu)六歲的(de)兒(er)童輕坐于(yu)上,臉部化裝(zhuang)成戲(xi)劇角色(se),頭戴花冠,花冠左右插(cha)兩翎,身披斗篷,腰系裙子(zi),腳(jiao)穿(chuan)繡花鞋(xie),手拿扇子(zi)、花束,隨著八音(yin)會的(de)伴奏,男(nan)子(zi)和(he)兒(er)童有韻律(lv)地擺(bai)動。
晃杠(gang):最下(xia)端是一(yi)木箱,內裝(zhuang)石塊或鐵等沉(chen)重物,外飾(shi)彩繪。木箱正中(zhong)豎插(cha)木桿(gan)(gan),木桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)豎著(zhu)固(gu)(gu)定三(san)面(mian)大鏡(jing)子,每面(mian)大鏡(jing)子的左右橫著(zhu)固(gu)(gu)定兩面(mian)小鏡(jing)子,鏡(jing)子周圍用彩綢花束裝(zhuang)飾(shi),鏡(jing)子之間書寫“國(guo)泰民安(an)”、“風調雨順(shun)”、“祈福報功”等字(zi)樣,最上(shang)(shang)端插(cha)雞毛撣子。木箱前(qian)(qian)后橫插(cha)一(yi)杠(gang),由兩青年面(mian)對(dui)面(mian)抬著(zhu),前(qian)(qian)后左右四人拽著(zhu)木桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)端垂下(xia)來的繩子保持平衡。
踩蹺:潞城境內廣泛流行,演員腳(jiao)踩蹺棍(gun),裝(zhuang)扮成戲(xi)曲人物,在(zai)八(ba)音會(hui)伴奏(zou)下邊(bian)唱(chang)邊(bian)舞。踩的(de)木棍(gun)在(zai)三(san)尺以下的(de)叫(jiao)(jiao)小蹺,三(san)尺以上的(de)叫(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)蹺,有(you)的(de)高(gao)蹺演員能(neng)在(zai)空(kong)中表演各種動(dong)作。
雩(yu)祭儀(yi)式肅(su)穆隆重,百戲社火熱烈(lie)歡騰(teng),廟外廣(guang)場(chang)和(he)街道人山人海。
第二(er)天(tian)(tian)正式演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi),同(tong)時廟會(hui)進行,為期三天(tian)(tian)。馮俊杰(jie)先(xian)(xian)生考證:“晉東(dong)南‘謝雨’演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi),也(ye)有(you)自己的(de)(de)風俗(su)習慣。首先(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)由(you)值年(nian)總社首‘寫戲(xi)(xi)’,即聘(pin)請戲(xi)(xi)班(ban),點劃劇(ju)目(mu),并與(yu)戲(xi)(xi)班(ban)科頭簽訂演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出合(he)同(tong);然后(hou)(hou)再對戲(xi)(xi)班(ban)提出許(xu)多戒條(tiao),張(zhang)榜(bang)公布;戲(xi)(xi)班(ban)也(ye)要張(zhang)貼告(gao)白榜(bang)文,以聲明(ming)自己的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出符(fu)合(he)祀(si)典。”現在(zai)(zai)儀式有(you)所簡化,但演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戲(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)熱情卻很(hen)(hen)高(gao)漲(zhang)。在(zai)(zai)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)戲(xi)(xi)之前,有(you)專人(ren)拿(na)扎了(le)紅綢(chou)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)掃(sao)帚到村的(de)(de)四(si)角打(da)掃(sao),掃(sao)除旱役和(he)災難。然后(hou)(hou)樂班(ban)鳴鑼響鞭,正式開演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),先(xian)(xian)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)賽(sai)(sai)戲(xi)(xi)再演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)戲(xi)(xi)。賽(sai)(sai)戲(xi)(xi)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)給龍王,大(da)戲(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)給百姓(xing)。賽(sai)(sai)戲(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)頭戴(dai)假(jia)面,綜合(he)儺儀和(he)春社祭祀(si)的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出。大(da)戲(xi)(xi)指(zhi)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)當地(di)(di)流(liu)行的(de)(de)上黨(dang)梆(bang)子(zi)。賽(sai)(sai)戲(xi)(xi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)很(hen)(hen)簡單,只是(shi)(shi)念白朗(lang)誦向歌唱(chang)(chang)(chang)過(guo)渡的(de)(de)原(yuan)始形(xing)態(tai),有(you)固定(ding)的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出劇(ju)目(mu)《調(diao)鬼(gui)》和(he)《斬(zhan)(zhan)旱魃》。《調(diao)鬼(gui)》是(shi)(shi)開臺(tai)戲(xi)(xi),演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員(yuan)頭戴(dai)面具,扮七鬼(gui),先(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)臺(tai)下后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)臺(tai)上跳(tiao)躍,聽候調(diao)鬼(gui)師(shi)(城(cheng)隍(huang))訓誡。城(cheng)隍(huang)奉玉帝旨(zhi)意,下得天(tian)(tian)庭,調(diao)來(lai)諸鬼(gui)神,逐一(yi)(yi)囑咐,要他們各保一(yi)(yi)方(fang),風調(diao)雨順。《斬(zhan)(zhan)旱魃》劇(ju)情簡單,演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)趙萬年(nian)忤(wu)逆不孝事,不久變成旱魃,穿(chuan)短(duan)褲,束紅腰帶,光膀子(zi),頭戴(dai)鮮羊(yang)(yang)肚,手端一(yi)(yi)碗(wan)羊(yang)(yang)血(xue),被(bei)(bei)四(si)大(da)天(tian)(tian)神趕下臺(tai)來(lai),直奔觀眾(zhong),觀眾(zhong)立即吶喊(han)、圍追,并以土塊拋打(da)。旱魃以手灑羊(yang)(yang)血(xue)開道(dao),并可任(ren)意抓取、拋灑商販(fan)貨攤上的(de)(de)食(shi)物。最后(hou)(hou),旱魃又被(bei)(bei)四(si)大(da)天(tian)(tian)王追回(hui)舞臺(tai)斬(zhan)(zhan)首。其(qi)實(shi)這(zhe)出戲(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)社火中(zhong)的(de)(de)斬(zhan)(zhan)旱魃的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)樣式,現在(zai)(zai)風調(diao)雨順,五谷(gu)豐登,有(you)時也(ye)被(bei)(bei)其(qi)他傳統(tong)劇(ju)目(mu)代替,如(ru)《華容道(dao)》、《單刀會(hui)》、《二(er)仙傳道(dao)》、《叢臺(tai)設宴》等(deng)(deng)(deng)。接下來(lai)便是(shi)(shi)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)大(da)戲(xi)(xi),當地(di)(di)百姓(xing)稱上黨(dang)梆(bang)子(zi)為大(da)戲(xi)(xi),上黨(dang)梆(bang)子(zi)形(xing)成于澤州(zhou),以演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)梆(bang)子(zi)腔(qiang)為主,兼唱(chang)(chang)(chang)昆(kun)曲、皮黃、羅(luo)羅(luo)腔(qiang)、卷戲(xi)(xi),俗(su)稱昆(kun)梆(bang)羅(luo)卷黃。唱(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)高(gao)亢明(ming)朗(lang)、粗獷樸實(shi)、直出直入、強烈激越。當地(di)(di)人(ren)愛聽的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)楊家將、岳家將等(deng)(deng)(deng)武戲(xi)(xi),如(ru)《三關(guan)(guan)排宴》、《天(tian)(tian)波(bo)樓》、《雁(yan)門關(guan)(guan)》、《闖(chuang)幽州(zhou)》等(deng)(deng)(deng),趙樹(shu)理曾說(shuo):“從家里到野地(di)(di),到處唱(chang)(chang)(chang)起干梆(bang)戲(xi)(xi)。”可見梆(bang)子(zi)腔(qiang)在(zai)(zai)當地(di)(di)很(hen)(hen)受(shou)歡迎。
潞(lu)城東(dong)邑龍王廟廟會涵蓋了(le)晉東(dong)南地區(qu)迎(ying)神(shen)(shen)賽(sai)社諸多儀(yi)式,如(ru)取(qu)水、曬龍王、斬旱魃、百戲(xi)(xi)社火(huo)、迎(ying)神(shen)(shen)演(yan)劇等。農業社會,人(ren)們(men)把(ba)希望求助于神(shen)(shen)靈,雩祭(ji)(ji)和春祈(qi)秋(qiu)報(bao)無論(lun)對(dui)國家(jia)還是(shi)(shi)百姓都(dou)是(shi)(shi)重要的事(shi)宜(yi),在這種(zhong)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)儀(yi)式中,祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)禮儀(yi)、百戲(xi)(xi)雜陳、戲(xi)(xi)劇演(yan)出(chu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)奉獻給神(shen)(shen)靈的藝術供(gong)品。民(min)間把(ba)所有(you)這些(xie)娛神(shen)(shen)又娛人(ren)的活動統稱為“社火(huo)”。宋代范成大《上(shang)元(yuan)紀吳中節物俳(pai)諧體三十二韻》:“輕(qing)薄行歌(ge)過(guo),癲狂(kuang)(kuang)社舞狂(kuang)(kuang)。”自(zi)注:“民(min)間鼓樂謂之(zhi)社火(huo),不可悉(xi)記,大抵以滑(hua)稽取(qu)笑。”上(shang)黨地區(qu)的迎(ying)神(shen)(shen)賽(sai)社能夠生生不息,繁衍千年而不衰(shuai),是(shi)(shi)因為人(ren)們(men)在宗(zong)教(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)和官(guan)方禮儀(yi)中找到了(le)緩解疲勞(lao)舒(shu)展(zhan)身心的通道,他們(men)等待著這種(zhong)周(zhou)期性的、年復一年的盛宴(yan)到來(lai),呈現著真實的民(min)眾狂(kuang)(kuang)歡和世俗娛樂。
建筑
現(xian)存(cun)主(zhu)(zhu)要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)屬(shu)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)時期的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。廟(miao)坐(zuo)北(bei)向南(nan),共(gong)為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院落,中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)有(you)山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men),戲(xi)樓(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂(xiang)房(fang)等,共(gong)有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)33間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)位(wei)居(ju)(ju)廟(miao)前(qian)(qian)、面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。琉璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸,筒(tong)板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)。琉璃(li)(li)以黃(huang)綠紅(hong)(hong)三(san)(san)色為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),色彩艷麗(li)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)踩斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)單(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面式,耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施(shi)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke),斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)(men)(men)(men), 以作(zuo)通道(dao)。倒座戲(xi)樓(lou)位(wei)居(ju)(ju)山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)后(hou),面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng),下(xia)(xia)面明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)通道(dao),上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)戲(xi)樓(lou),硬(ying)山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)五(wu)踩斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面式,明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施(shi)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)兩(liang)(liang)朵,斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)形制同(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。前(qian)(qian)后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方額(e),結構(gou)精巧。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)琉璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸,筒(tong)板(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu),古(gu)樸(pu)雅致。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系廟(miao)內的一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,建(jian)(jian)(jian)于高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),廣(guang)深(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),六架(jia)椽屋(wu),四(si)(si)(si)椽栿對(dui)前(qian)(qian)乳栿,通檐(yan)(yan)用(yong)三(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)為(wei)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升起(qi)與(yu)(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)角明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)五(wu)鋪作(zuo)單(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)為(wei)琴面式,耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施(shi)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)一(yi)朵,出(chu)(chu)四(si)(si)(si)十五(wu)度斜(xie)(xie)拱(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內四(si)(si)(si)椽栿上(shang)(shang)置平梁,用(yong)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大叉手,梁架(jia)規(gui)(gui)整(zheng),結構(gou)簡(jian)(jian)練(lian),雖經后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多次(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu),仍保(bao)留(liu)(liu)金代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)琉璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸,筒(tong)板(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu),舉(ju)折平緩,出(chu)(chu)檐(yan)(yan)深(shen)(shen)遠。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)破子欞窗(chuang),隔扇門(men)(men)(men)(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內三(san)(san)壁(bi)殘存(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)故(gu)(gu)事,壁(bi)畫依(yi)稀(xi)可(ke)見。整(zheng)個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)氣勢雄偉,古(gu)樸(pu)壯(zhuang)觀。 山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。在潞城縣東南(nan)5千米處的東邑(yi)鄉(xiang)東邑(yi)村(cun)中(zhong),東北(bei)緊(jin)依(yi)盧(lu)醫山(shan),西(xi)(xi)南(nan)與(yu)(yu)農舍毗鄰(lin)居(ju)(ju),松柏(bo)蒼翠,綠樹成蔭,景色十分(fen)優雅。該廟(miao)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)年代(dai)不(bu)詳(xiang),金代(dai)以后(hou)多次(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu)。現(xian)存(cun)主(zhu)(zhu)要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)屬(shu)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)時期的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。廟(miao)坐(zuo)北(bei)向南(nan),共(gong)為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院落,中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)有(you)山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men),戲(xi)樓(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂(xiang)房(fang)等,共(gong)有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)33間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)位(wei)居(ju)(ju)廟(miao)前(qian)(qian)、面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。琉璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸,筒(tong)板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)。琉璃(li)(li)以黃(huang)綠紅(hong)(hong)三(san)(san)色為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),色彩艷麗(li)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)踩斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)單(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面式,耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施(shi)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke),斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)門(men)(men)(men)(men),以作(zuo)通道(dao)。倒座戲(xi)樓(lou)位(wei)居(ju)(ju)山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)后(hou),面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng),下(xia)(xia)面明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)辟(pi)通道(dao),上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)戲(xi)樓(lou),硬(ying)山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)五(wu)踩斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)呈(cheng)琴面式,明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施(shi)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科(ke)(ke)兩(liang)(liang)朵,斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)形制同(tong)(tong)(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)科(ke)(ke)。前(qian)(qian)后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方額(e),結構(gou)精巧。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)琉璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸,筒(tong)板(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu),古(gu)樸(pu)雅致。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系廟(miao)內的一(yi)個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,建(jian)(jian)(jian)于高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),廣(guang)深(shen)(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),六架(jia)椽屋(wu),四(si)(si)(si)椽栿對(dui)前(qian)(qian)乳栿,通檐(yan)(yan)用(yong)三(san)(san)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)為(wei)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)升起(qi)與(yu)(yu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)角明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)五(wu)鋪作(zuo)單(dan)(dan)抄單(dan)(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)為(wei)琴面式,耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)型(xing)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各施(shi)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)一(yi)朵,出(chu)(chu)四(si)(si)(si)十五(wu)度斜(xie)(xie)拱(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內四(si)(si)(si)椽栿上(shang)(shang)置平梁,用(yong)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大叉手,梁架(jia)規(gui)(gui)整(zheng),結構(gou)簡(jian)(jian)練(lian),雖經后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多次(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu),仍保(bao)留(liu)(liu)金代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)琉璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸,筒(tong)板(ban)布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)裝(zhuang)修(xiu),舉(ju)折平緩,出(chu)(chu)檐(yan)(yan)深(shen)(shen)遠。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)(yan)破子欞窗(chuang),隔扇門(men)(men)(men)(men)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內三(san)(san)壁(bi)殘存(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)故(gu)(gu)事,壁(bi)畫依(yi)稀(xi)可(ke)見。整(zheng)個(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)氣勢雄偉,古(gu)樸(pu)壯(zhuang)觀。東邑(yi)村(cun)距縣城東南(nan)約(yue)10里(li),古(gu)稱黃(huang)邑(yi),舊屬(shu)葛井鄉(xiang)。龍王廟(miao)位(wei)于村(cun)東北(bei),坐(zuo)北(bei)面南(nan),兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)院落。入(ru)山(shan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)靠西(xi)(xi)處有(you)一(yi)眼水井,兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)各為(wei)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廂(xiang)房(fang),中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)甬道(dao)直通戲(xi)臺(tai)。
戲(xi)臺三間,倒座(zuo)式(shi),即坐南朝北,面(mian)向(xiang)正殿(dian),單(dan)檐硬山頂(ding),灰色瓦頂(ding)。上下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層,下(xia)(xia)層為通(tong)道。戲(xi)臺前(qian)檐斗拱四鋪作單(dan)下(xia)(xia)昂(ang),卷云式(shi)昂(ang)頭(tou)。柱頭(tou)斗拱耍頭(tou)為象(xiang)頭(tou),補間為龍(long)頭(tou)。明間雀替(ti)為龍(long)頭(tou),兩(liang)次間為象(xiang)頭(tou)。梁架由四椽(chuan)、平梁構成。梁架殘存部分有彩畫。
正(zheng)殿位于中軸線最北端,坐落在長(chang)14.76米(mi)、寬13.5米(mi)、高1米(mi)的臺(tai)基之(zhi)上。正(zheng)殿三間,面闊13.24米(mi),進深11.97米(mi),單檐懸山頂,灰瓦,大吻、垂獸、戧(chuang)獸、套獸均為(wei)琉璃雕(diao)(diao)花,正(zheng)脊每(mei)面6條(tiao)龍,垂脊雕(diao)(diao)鳳(feng),均配飾牡丹,垂脊現(xian)剩一條(tiao)脊剎(cha),有“嘉(jia)慶元年五月立(li)”題(ti)記。
龍王廟布局規整對(dui)稱,保存完整,“神(shen)殿(dian)與(yu)戲臺結合構成神(shen)廟,是北宋以后中國本土(tu)宗教場所(suo)的顯(xian)著特征”