霍州觀(guan)音廟(miao)(第六批國保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍(huo)州(zhou)市趙(zhao)家莊村
2006年(nian)5月被定為(wei)第(di)六批國家文物保護單位(wei)的霍州觀音廟(miao)是集(ji)儒、釋、道為(wei)一體的典(dian)型的寺廟(miao)綜合建(jian)筑。
簡介
儒家講(jiang)格物(wu)致(zhi)知,誠意正心;佛家講(jiang)明心見性,即(ji)心即(ji)佛;道家講(jiang)返本歸(gui)真(zhen),清凈無為。三者乃殊途(tu)同歸(gui),足見菩薩在大眾心目中(zhong)的(de)地位。此廟中(zhong)土地殿(dian)規模雖小,但據歷史記載(zai)始建(jian)于宋代,三圣(sheng)殿(dian)、山門、觀音殿(dian)、過街閣樓(lou)、文昌閣等(deng)均創建(jian)于元、明時期(qi),后(hou)歷代屢有修葺。
構建特色
觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音廟院(yuan)坐北(bei)(bei)朝南(nan),總體布局(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)(liang)條平行軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian),符(fu)合了中國傳(chuan)統的(de)對稱理念(nian)。其東(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)進(jin)院(yuan),軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上分布有(you)山(shan)門(men)、三圣(sheng)殿,東(dong)(dong)側(ce)有(you)廂房、廊(lang)屋、耳殿,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)角二層(ceng)有(you)文(wen)昌閣(ge)(ge)。西軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)院(yuan),軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上分布有(you)過街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)、戲臺(tai)、過殿、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音殿(分正殿和東(dong)(dong)西配殿),軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)西側(ce)分布有(you)廊(lang)屋。其三圣(sheng)殿與(yu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音殿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間建(jian)有(you)土地殿。西北(bei)(bei)角留有(you)便門(men),平時進(jin)廟多走此(ci)門(men),這是一(yi)座典(dian)型的(de)正方形廟宇,其莊嚴肅(su)穆(mu)可(ke)見一(yi)斑(ban)。廟院(yuan)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)總長(chang)47米(mi),東(dong)(dong)西寬43米(mi),占地面(mian)積2021平方米(mi)。現(xian)存有(you)宋、元(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)、清不同(tong)時期大小殿八座,均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筒瓦(wa)硬山(shan)頂(ding)式建(jian)筑,琉璃瓦(wa)脊。西軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)正南(nan)元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)過街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“彘川鎮河(he)”神(shen)龕閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou),坐北(bei)(bei)朝南(nan),全木(mu)(mu)結構,底為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柱廊(lang)式過街(jie)通(tong)道(dao),上鋪木(mu)(mu)板,設柵欄,神(shen)龕臺(tai)基。樓(lou)(lou)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重檐歇山(shan)頂(ding),琉璃剪邊,灰瓦(wa)覆蓋。頂(ding)部(bu)正吻題記“昊川雄鎮”四字,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)梁架結構多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)遺構。據大明(ming)嘉靖(jing)二十二年重修(xiu)碑文(wen)記載(zai):“……前(qian)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)葺(qi),形勢壯觀(guan)(guan)(guan),東(dong)(dong)距霍山(shan),西臨汾水,北(bei)(bei)有(you)高崗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)有(you)平川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,喬木(mu)(mu)巍峨,陰(yin)木(mu)(mu)華蓋,雖盛(sheng)暑(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,涼風可(ke)以解吾(wu)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慍(yun),野景可(ke)娛吾(wu)目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歡,誠(cheng)妥神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勝地,即郡(jun)廟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)也。……”此(ci)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)確實具有(you)很高的(de)歷史、藝術和科(ke)學(xue)研究(jiu)價值。明(ming)初,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)建(jian)起一(yi)坐南(nan)向北(bei)(bei)戲臺(tai),前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卷棚頂(ding),用磚(zhuan)做(zuo)基座。戲臺(tai)與(yu)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)緊緊相依,渾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,組成戲臺(tai),名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“賽蜃(shen)樓(lou)(lou)”。此(ci)后(hou),閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)便作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音廟戲臺(tai)的(de)后(hou)臺(tai)而用。從(cong)元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)以后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷代(dai)掌(zhang)管(guan)(guan)水利部(bu)門(men)占用,一(yi)直到(dao)解放初期,解放后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)校所(suo)占,用至1994年,1994年以來,由(you)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音廟義務保護小組管(guan)(guan)理。
解放初(chu),廟(miao)內塑(su)像被(bei)毀,直到1995年(nian),由廣(guang)大信(xin)眾集資(zi)重塑(su)觀(guan)音菩(pu)薩(sa)、眼光菩(pu)薩(sa)、送子(zi)菩(pu)薩(sa)、藥(yao)師佛、關圣帝君、玉皇大帝、利市仙宮、東海龍王、土地翁、婆、文(wen)昌帝君等塑(su)像,1998年(nian)又雕刻漢白玉觀(guan)音菩(pu)薩(sa)像一尊,立于過殿,使觀(guan)音廟(miao)又恢(hui)復了(le)往日的興旺景象(xiang)。