王陵介紹
1995年(nian)(nian)被(bei)公布為(wei)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)市(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)批(pi)重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)英宗朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祁鎮第(di)(di)二(er)子(zi)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見及(ji)其嫡系(xi)長子(zi)孫的(de)封(feng)號。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)史·列(lie)傳第(di)(di)七(qi)》載，天順(shun)元年(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)月(yue)英宗復辟后(hou)(hou)，“同(tong)(tong)日封(feng)德(de)(de)、秀、崇、吉四(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)”。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?“初(chu)國德(de)(de)州，改濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，成化三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))就藩(fan)。”至(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)末(mo)，德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)共(gong)傳七(qi)世(shi)(shi)，封(feng)親王(wang)(wang)(wang)、郡王(wang)(wang)(wang)34個(ge)。崇禎(zhen)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian))，清(qing)兵攻入濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，第(di)(di)七(qi)代德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)由樞被(bei)俘。至(zhi)此，延續(xu)180余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)(shi)系(xi)始告結(jie)(jie)束。清(qing)道光《長清(qing)縣(xian)志》載：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)德(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(子(zi)濟(ji)寧安(an)僖(xi)王(wang)(wang)(wang) )、德(de)(de)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)懷(huai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)恭王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)端王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俱在縣(xian)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)十里(li)青崖山(shan)之(zhi)陽”。 青崖山(shan)，現名青崖寨(zhai)山(shan)，又名青巖山(shan)，海拔554米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)綿延二(er)三(san)(san)千米(mi)(mi)。諸德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)即(ji)分布在青崖寨(zhai)山(shan)以(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、以(yi)東(dong)，各(ge)(ge)倚枕(zhen)一支脈而建。1993年(nian)(nian)春，濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)市(shi)和長清(qing)縣(xian)文物部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)對(dui)德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵進行(xing)了(le)勘查，并搶救性(xing)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)清(qing)理了(le)德(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 由于本世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)代以(yi)來當地(di)村(cun)民取(qu)用(yong)陵墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)石料，各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)刻(ke)、石象生(sheng)均(jun)(jun)已不(bu)存，多數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的(de)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)也已傾圮。因此，除已發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)之(zhi)外，其余(yu)各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主身(shen)份不(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)陵園平(ping)面均(jun)(jun)呈馬蹄形，長303～276米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)286～100米(mi)(mi)。有(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)外兩重垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，陵門(men)(men)(men)、金(jin)水橋(qiao)、院落、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、享殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室封(feng)土(tu)沿山(shan)勢依次向上(shang)對(dui)稱分布。 已發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的(de)德(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)最(zui)(zui)大。與(yu)(yu)其他各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)石垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)，其雙重垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)土(tu)坯墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。現僅于東(dong)北側保(bao)留一段(duan)長約47.5米(mi)(mi)的(de)外垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)金(jin)水橋(qiao)、享殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等地(di)面建筑均(jun)(jun)已不(bu)存，但原址(zhi)處尚(shang)有(you)(you)綠琉璃(li)瓦等遺(yi)跡、遺(yi)物。地(di)宮位(wei)于享殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正后(hou)(hou)方，磚石結(jie)(jie)構，建于距(ju)地(di)表(biao)深(shen)13余(yu)米(mi)(mi)的(de)巖坑(keng)之(zhi)內(nei)(nei)，由墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)、甬道、前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、東(dong)西(xi)兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)、甬道組成，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北總長(內(nei)(nei))17.02米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)總寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(內(nei)(nei))11.90米(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)為(wei)長46.1米(mi)(mi)的(de)斜(xie)坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)外側為(wei)金(jin)剛墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高(gao)6.18米(mi)(mi)，其上(shang)為(wei)磚砌平(ping)臺(tai)，平(ping)臺(tai)后(hou)(hou)建有(you)(you)長18.9米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)3.54米(mi)(mi)的(de)擋土(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。平(ping)臺(tai)以(yi)下為(wei)門(men)(men)(men)樓，額(e)枋(fang)上(shang)刻(ke)二(er)龍戲(xi)珠圖(tu)案。門(men)(men)(men)樓下為(wei)半圓券(quan)頂(ding)門(men)(men)(men)洞，高(gao)4.26米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2.90米(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)洞外側填土(tu)之(zhi)上(shang)放德(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?及(ji)其妃劉(liu)氏的(de)兩合墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志。前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)西(xi)長11.90米(mi)(mi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)5.36米(mi)(mi)，下部(bu)(bu)為(wei)石須彌(mi)座式墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，上(shang)為(wei)磚構。頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北起券(quan)，高(gao)6.58米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)西(xi)兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)(jie)構相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，下部(bu)(bu)為(wei)石構，上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)磚構，頂(ding)為(wei)東(dong)西(xi)起券(quan)。均(jun)(jun)長5.51米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4.14米(mi)(mi)、高(gao)4.80米(mi)(mi)。兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)間有(you)(you)窗隧相(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)。兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正中(zhong)與(yu)(yu)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)側各(ge)(ge)置(zhi)一石須彌(mi)座式棺床。西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)與(yu)(yu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)形制相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，唯不(bu)及(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)大、厚重。該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)三(san)(san)個(ge)盜(dao)洞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)骨架散亂(luan)，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漆棺、槨(guo)板(ban)(ban)及(ji)箱板(ban)(ban)隨處可見，東(dong)西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)砸碎，隨葬(zang)(zang)品已被(bei)盜(dao)掠一空。掘(jue)(jue)出土(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志及(ji)地(di)宮內(nei)(nei)情況可知(zhi)(zhi)，東(dong)、西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)分葬(zang)(zang)德(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?及(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)妃劉(liu)氏，前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)葬(zang)(zang)其子(zi)濟(ji)寧安(an)僖(xi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。 德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵，是(shi)(shi)目前(qian)所知(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模最(zui)(zui)大、保(bao)存最(zui)(zui)為(wei)完整的(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)代親王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)家(jia)族(zu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。對(dui)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)代親王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵葬(zang)(zang)制度的(de)研究(jiu)，具有(you)(you)重要意義。
鐘天地之靈 
