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城址簡介

位(wei)于山(shan)(shan)東巨野縣(xian)城(cheng)南27公(gong)(gong)里的(de)(de)大(da)謝集(ji)鎮昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)集(ji),是西(xi)(xi)漢山(shan)(shan)陽國(guo)(guo)(guo),昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)都城(cheng).1992年(nian)(nian)(nian),被公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)東省省級重點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei). 昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi),春(chun)秋戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)邑(yi)(yi),秦(qin)時設(she)縣(xian),西(xi)(xi)漢時期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡(jun)治(zhi),景(jing)帝(di)(di)(di)中元(yuan)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)144年(nian)(nian)(nian))分梁地(di),置山(shan)(shan)陽國(guo)(guo)(guo),封梁孝王(wang)之子(zi)劉定為(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang),從此(ci)昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)城(cheng)就(jiu)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之都.漢武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)建元(yuan)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前136年(nian)(nian)(nian)).改(gai)山(shan)(shan)劃國(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)陽郡(jun).天漢四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前97年(nian)(nian)(nian)),乞討(tao)山(shan)(shan)陽郡(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo),封期(qi)(qi)子(zi)劉骰為(wei)(wei)(wei)昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)王(wang).劉骰在位(wei)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),死后其子(zi)劉賀繼位(wei).公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前74年(nian)(nian)(nian),漢昭帝(di)(di)(di)駕崩,因無子(zi)嗣,劉賀被征為(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)位(wei),在位(wei)僅27天,昏庸淫亂,被大(da)將軍堆光廢為(wei)(wei)(wei)海昏候.漢宣帝(di)(di)(di)本始元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前73年(nian)(nian)(nian))改(gai)昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)陽郡(jun),至東漢,改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兗州(zhou)刺史(shi)部.1980年(nian)(nian)(nian),1982年(nian)(nian)(nian),菏(he)澤(ze)地(di)區文(wen)物工作隊對該城(cheng)址(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)了兩次調查勘探,探清古(gu)在平面略呈方形,檔城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1215米(mi),西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1377米(mi),北城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1585米(mi),南城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1720米(mi).城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)分段板筑,土(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)摻有(you)(you)石(shi)灰(hui)的(de)(de)粘性黑土(tu),夯層9,10,11厘米(mi)不等.城(cheng)址(zhi)上(shang)現有(you)(you)前昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi),后昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi),侯(hou)花園,城(cheng)角(jiao)劉四個村莊,范圍內(nei)發(fa)現大(da)量漢代(dai)遺物和少量的(de)(de)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)遺物,有(you)(you)瓦,小鼻罐,淺盤細柄(bing)豆,壺(hu),銅(tong)鏃,鐵柱(zhu),弩機(ji).陶(tao)井圈等.還發(fa)現了石(shi)磨(mo),石(shi)槽房屋(wu)基址(zhi),釀造(zao)窯址(zhi).另有(you)(you)部分唐,寧,金元(yuan)時期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)遺物如:鐵釜(fu),研究(jiu)碗,盤等.大(da)量的(de)(de)文(wen)化遺存,為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)們(men)研究(jiu)古(gu)昌(chang)邑(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)與興衰提供了可靠的(de)(de)實物資料。

歷史地位

昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)自古便是兵家(jia)必爭之(zhi)(zhi)地,秦二世(shi)二年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"楚(chu)(chu)漢(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)戰".漢(han)(han)景(jing)帝三(san)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"七國之(zhi)(zhi)乩"平(ping)叛之(zhi)(zhi)戰等都曾發生在這里(li).昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)又是走蛟(jiao)臥(wo)虎之(zhi)(zhi)地,孕育出許多(duo)曠世(shi)梟雄.西漢(han)(han)初,梁王(wang)彭越從這里(li)揭竿,東漢(han)(han)末,費亭(ting)候曹操任兗州牧于此.自戰國至魏晉是昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鼎盛時(shi)期,這一(yi)帶是當時(shi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)要道和(he)冶造貿易(yi)中(zhong)心.西漢(han)(han)時(shi),昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)內已(yi)有(you)了自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冶鐵業和(he)專門管(guan)理(li)冶鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵官,是當時(shi)全(quan)國49處從事鐵器生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官辦工(gong)業之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi).據<<漢(han)(han)書>>記載(zai),當時(shi)昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)從事冶鐵生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)役(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)是280從繁榮(rong)昌(chang)(chang)盛逐漸走向衰落.迨至元末,黃(huang)河幾(ji)次決口,厚厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥沙把這座古城(cheng)(cheng)湮沒在黃(huang)土之(zhi)(zhi)下,僅留下城(cheng)(cheng)廓(kuo)殘桓隱約(yue)可(ke)現.據<<巨野(ye)(ye)縣巨志>>記載(zai),明(ming)清時(shi)期,每當陰(yin)雨天,人(ren)們仍(reng)然隱隱約(yue)約(yue)看到城(cheng)(cheng)闕(que)形.這就(jiu)(jiu)是野(ye)(ye)古八景(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)煙雨".后人(ren)作憶秦娥"昌(chang)(chang)邑(yi)(yi)懷古"贊日(ri):煙雨歇(xie),漠漠故城(cheng)(cheng)雄關(guan)堞(die).雄關(guan)堞(die),殘陽晚照,漢(han)(han)家(jia)陵闕(que).楚(chu)(chu)漢(han)(han)交兵流碧血,酈(li)商(shang)沖鋒泣壯烈(lie).泣壯烈(lie),彭王(wang)略地,千古英(ying)杰。

2013年5月，被國務院核定(ding)公布為第七(qi)批全(quan)國文物保護單位。