輝(hui)河(he)(he)發源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)大興安嶺中部西(xi)(xi)北(bei)側的(de)叢山密林(lin)中,由二十幾條小河(he)(he)匯集(ji)于(yu)(yu)烏(wu)拉(la)(la)吉(ji)呼,折向西(xi)(xi)北(bei)緩緩流(liu)入呼倫貝爾(er)草原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),把大草原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)為兩(liang)部分(fen)。其左側被稱為巴爾(er)虎(hu)草原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),右側則是鄂溫克草原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。輝(hui)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)道開(kai)闊平坦,河(he)(he)水(shui)彎(wan)彎(wan)曲曲流(liu)至(zhi)寶力格東(dong)又折向東(dong)北(bei),匯入伊(yi)敏(min)河(he)(he)。輝(hui)河(he)(he)水(shui)壩距河(he)(he)口14公里(li),屬于(yu)(yu)鄂溫克族自治旗錫尼河(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)蘇木(mu)(鄉)境內。北(bei)距海(hai)拉(la)(la)爾(er)市33公里(li)。
遺(yi)(yi)址位于輝河(he)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba),海(hai)拔高度約(yue)(yue)640米(mi),分布范(fan)圍約(yue)(yue)30多萬平方米(mi),地(di)貌部(bu)位明確,地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)清楚,屬于原地(di)埋藏類型,遺(yi)(yi)物保存新鮮,無分選現象。遺(yi)(yi)址文(wen)化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)為灰黑色細沙層(ceng)(ceng),厚可達1米(mi),石料主要采自遺(yi)(yi)址以東10公里左右的伊敏河(he)岸的砂礫石層(ceng)(ceng)。1975年,黑龍江省(sheng)文(wen)物普(pu)查工作隊曾對輝河(he)右岸做過(guo)文(wen)物調查,先后(hou)發(fa)現細石器遺(yi)(yi)址12處,其中有(you)代表性的即輝河(he)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)北側河(he)岸邊及臺地(di)上遺(yi)(yi)址。
掘(jue)(jue)地(di)(di)點選在輝(hui)河水壩北側320米(mi)(mi)處,靠(kao)河崖開(kai)1×2米(mi)(mi)探方一個,共出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺物(wu)(wu)314件(jian)。這里的土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)單一,均為細沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)壤。只能依(yi)靠(kao)出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺物(wu)(wu)大致區(qu)分(fen)為六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)18厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),為地(di)(di)表土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),不見遺物(wu)(wu)。第二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)18~30厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為黑褐(he)色(se)細沙(sha)(sha),含有炭粒和油跡(ji)。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)細石(shi)器、石(shi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)等27件(jian),骨片(pian)(pian)(pian)8件(jian),鐵片(pian)(pian)(pian)1件(jian)。第三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)30~55厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)與二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)無明顯變化(hua),仍(reng)為黑褐(he)色(se)細沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)。出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺物(wu)(wu)豐富,多達(da)174件(jian)。其(qi)中細石(shi)器、石(shi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、石(shi)核及石(shi)葉共122件(jian),陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)23件(jian),碎(sui)骨器殘片(pian)(pian)(pian)28件(jian),鐵器殘片(pian)(pian)(pian)1件(jian)。第四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)55~90厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)由黑褐(he)色(se)漸變為黃色(se),仍(reng)為細沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)。發掘(jue)(jue)面積縮小為1×1米(mi)(mi),出(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺物(wu)(wu)因此減少到80件(jian)。其(qi)中細石(shi)器41件(jian),陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)13件(jian),骨貝殘片(pian)(pian)(pian)3件(jian)。從陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的紋飾、陶(tao)(tao)質(zhi)、工藝(yi)等分(fen)析,文化(hua)內(nei)涵明顯不同(tong)于第三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),但地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)無明顯界線(xian)。第五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)90~110厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),為黃沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu),出(chu)土(tu)(tu)細石(shi)器12件(jian),碎(sui)骨(魚貝類)殘片(pian)(pian)(pian)12塊。第六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)110厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)以下,為原生土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為純凈黃色(se)細沙(sha)(sha),不見遺物(wu)(wu)。
呼倫貝爾市文物(wu)工作者在多年的試(shi)掘(jue)和文物(wu)普查中發現(xian)輝(hui)河水壩(ba)遺址存有(you)大(da)量細石(shi)器和陶(tao)器片(pian)。此次(ci)挖掘(jue)共挖了四個探方,總面積105平方米(mi),共出土文物(wu)2000多件。有(you)石(shi)葉(xie)、石(shi)片(pian)、陶(tao)片(pian)、石(shi)核(he)等,還(huan)發現(xian)了兩了兩處灰堆(dui)(dui),從灰堆(dui)(dui)中出土了大(da)量的動物(wu)骨骼。