簡介
廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群位于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)(liao)寧省遼(liao)(liao)西走廊錦州市古塔(ta)(ta)區老城。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)2900平方(fang)(fang)米。該(gai)寺(si)(si)(si)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)隋大(da)(da)業七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(611年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),初名普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si),遼(liao)(liao)清(qing)寧年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1055-1064年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷經明清(qing)兩代(dai)多(duo)次維修,現存(cun)大(da)(da)部為(wei)明清(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群以(yi)廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)主體(ti),包(bao)括廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)(gong)、昭(zhao)(zhao)忠祠。寺(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)(liao)清(qing)寧三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1057年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),體(ti)量大(da)(da),工藝(yi)精美,具(ju)遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)風格(ge)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),磚、石、木雕刻精美,是(shi)(shi)北方(fang)(fang)地(di)區最大(da)(da)的天(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)(gong)。昭(zhao)(zhao)忠祠建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒二十(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),為(wei)紀(ji)念甲午(wu)戰爭中(zhong)犧牲將士而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)全(quan)國僅見。主要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)還有(you)廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)王殿、大(da)(da)殿、北庭、配殿等。它們從各方(fang)(fang)面反映了當地(di)歷史文化面貌,具(ju)有(you)豐富(fu)內涵和(he)較高研究價值。 廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群為(wei)全(quan)國重點(dian)文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。它由廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)及塔(ta)(ta)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)(gong)、昭(zhao)(zhao)忠祠和(he)觀音閣組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),占(zhan)地(di)面積(ji)8140平方(fang)(fang)米,共有(you)房(fang)屋(wu)68間,古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)2599平方(fang)(fang)米。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)布局(ju)為(wei)塔(ta)(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)合(he)一(yi),保(bao)存(cun)完(wan)好,國內少(shao)見。以(yi)塔(ta)(ta)為(wei)軸線,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)王殿、關帝殿、大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)西側為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)(gong),是(shi)(shi)我國北方(fang)(fang)最大(da)(da)的媽(ma)祖廟,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。其建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)格(ge)局(ju)集我國南北建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),內外雕刻極其精美,可(ke)謂(wei)是(shi)(shi)鬼斧神工,精美絕(jue)倫。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)東側建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)昭(zhao)(zhao)忠祠及碑亭,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒二十(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。碑亭內存(cun)有(you)國內唯一(yi)一(yi)處記錄中(zhong)日甲午(wu)陸戰的紀(ji)事碑。古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群中(zhong)舉辦有(you)《甲午(wu)忠魂》、《媽(ma)祖文化》、《遼(liao)(liao)西抗(kang)日義勇軍之歌》、《遼(liao)(liao)西地(di)區民間工藝(yi)品(pin)》、《宗教(jiao)藝(yi)術》等展(zhan)覽。 錦州市博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)名勝風景區成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立于(yu)(yu)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是(shi)(shi)地(di)方(fang)(fang)綜合(he)性博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)。館(guan)藏文物(wu)(wu)萬余件,其中(zhong)商代(dai)連(lian)珠紋(wen)青(qing)銅戈和(he)青(qing)銅鈴(ling)俎(zu)為(wei)國內孤品(pin),現已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)鎮(zhen)館(guan)之寶(bao)。
廣濟寺古建筑群保護
濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)是遼寧(ning)省遼西地區最古(gu)老(lao)、完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)(ta)寺(si)(si)合(he)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun),位(wei)(wei)于古(gu)塔(ta)(ta)區老(lao)城北街,占地1 公頃,建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積約2900 平方米。該寺(si)(si)肇建于隋大業辛未七年(611 年)初名(ming)“普濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)”,遼清(qing)寧(ning)年間重(zhong)建,歷經明(ming)清(qing)多(duo)(duo)次維修,現(xian)存大部分為(wei)(wei)明(ming)清(qing)所建。該建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)是以(yi)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)主體,包(bao)括廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)、天后(hou)(hou)宮和(he)(he)昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)。寺(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)建于遼清(qing)寧(ning)三(san)年,天后(hou)(hou)宮建于清(qing)雍(yong)正三(san)年,昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)建于清(qing)光(guang)緒二十四年。主要建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包(bao)括廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)中(zhong)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天王殿、大殿以(yi)及兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北庭、配(pei)殿等。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)體量(liang)碩(shuo)大,工(gong)藝精美,具(ju)(ju)有遼代(dai)風格。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)雖經歷代(dai)重(zhong)修,但基本為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)來規(gui)模(mo),雄偉莊重(zhong)。天后(hou)(hou)宮為(wei)(wei)北方地區最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),磚、石(shi)、木雕刻尤(you)為(wei)(wei)精美。昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)是光(guang)緒為(wei)(wei)甲午戰爭(zheng)中(zhong)犧牲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將士所建,為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)僅見。這些建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)(duo)方面(mian)地反映了當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)、科學和(he)(he)文(wen)化面(mian)貌,具(ju)(ju)有豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵和(he)(he)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)研究價值(zhi)。 2002年1月31日錦(jin)州廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)古(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)始建于遼代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錦(jin)州廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)古(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)日前正式入選第五批(pi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)。據新華社報道,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)古(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)位(wei)(wei)于錦(jin)州市博物(wu)館內(nei)(nei),由國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)(ta)寺(si)(si)合(he)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)剎——廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)及廣(guang)(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)、北方最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)媽祖廟(miao)(miao)——錦(jin)州天后(hou)(hou)宮、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)唯一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紀念中(zhong)日甲午戰爭(zheng)我陸戰將士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祠(ci)堂——昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)、紀事碑亭(ting)等組成(cheng)。
“九五”以來主要保護內容
廣濟寺(si)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群維修(xiu)及天后(hou)宮(gong)彩(cai)繪保護及規(gui)劃。
現存主要問題
油飾嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)脫(tuo)落(luo)。 散水缺失,椽頭糟朽,望板(ban)30%糟朽,椽子毀壞(huai)25%,瓦壟脫(tuo)節(jie),柱(zhu)子表面(mian)油飾龜裂(lie)、局(ju)部脫(tuo)落(luo)。 前檐(yan)(yan)壓(ya)面(mian)石(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)風(feng)(feng)化(hua)。 南面(mian)臺階風(feng)(feng)化(hua)、碎(sui)裂(lie)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong),壓(ya)面(mian)石(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)風(feng)(feng)化(hua)錯位,表面(mian)脫(tuo)落(luo)一層;天花板(ban)彩繪脫(tuo)落(luo),多處粉碎(sui)。 前檐(yan)(yan)壓(ya)面(mian)石(shi)全部酥堿。 欄板(ban)望柱(zhu)全部遺失;兩山墻向內凸,內墻面(mian)凸凹不平;西次(ci)間后坡下金檁(lin)、檐(yan)(yan)檁(lin)劈(pi)裂(lie)長;屋(wu)面(mian)長草(cao)、漏(lou)雨,脫(tuo)節(jie),35%屋(wu)面(mian)毀壞(huai)。
壓(ya)(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)重風化、表面(mian)(mian)脫落,欄(lan)桿風化,散(san)水(shui)遺(yi)失(shi)(shi)(shi)。 拜殿臺基松動、高低不平、地伏(fu)石(shi)(shi)全部毀壞(huai)。 前檐(yan)(yan)踏垛石(shi)(shi)、壓(ya)(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)風化,后檐(yan)(yan)臺明(ming)壓(ya)(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)遺(yi)失(shi)(shi)(shi),散(san)水(shui)無存(cun), 室內墁地方磚凸凹(ao)不平。 由(you)于長年沒有(you)大門對觀音殿的保護十分(fen)(fen)不利,現利用中殿做為(wei)大門對外(wai)開放。中殿散(san)水(shui)遺(yi)失(shi)(shi)(shi),臺明(ming)完整,壓(ya)(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)松動錯(cuo)位(wei),大部分(fen)(fen)風化嚴(yan)重。東西配殿散(san)水(shui)遺(yi)失(shi)(shi)(shi),后檐(yan)(yan)臺明(ming)遺(yi)失(shi)(shi)(shi),東配殿前檐(yan)(yan)壓(ya)(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)毀壞(huai)2 塊。 正(zheng)殿后檐(yan)(yan)臺明(ming)壓(ya)(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)遺(yi)失(shi)(shi)(shi),散(san)水(shui)無存(cun)。
由于年久(jiu)失修,排(pai)水(shui)不暢(chang),整體上缺乏有效的保護措施(shi),造成(cheng)天后宮基礎(chu)下沉(chen),院(yuan)內其他建(jian)筑均有不同(tong)程度的基礎(chu)沉(chen)降。現(xian)院(yuan)內地面低于外部地表(biao)。
“十一五”期間主要保護內容
廣濟(ji)寺拜殿(dian)、關帝殿(dian)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、天后宮(gong)一進院東西(xi)配殿(dian)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、天后宮(gong)大(da)殿(dian)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、天后宮(gong)大(da)殿(dian)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、廣濟(ji)寺圍墻、排水(shui)及(ji)其他(ta)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)、觀音殿(dian)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)。