芒果视频下载

建筑特點

山谷流泉(quan)摩崖石刻(ke),位于潛山縣城(cheng)西北18里(li)的野(ye)寨鄉境內。野(ye)寨，漢代名谷口，是天(tian)柱山的門戶。

后(hou)名(ming)野人寨。相傳有(you)野人居(ju)此。南(nan)宋(song)末年時為義兵(bing)劉(liu)源(yuan)抗元(yuan)的(de)山(shan)(shan)寨。山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)流泉(quan)，指的(de)是位于(yu)谷(gu)寺西(xi)側鳳(feng)凰麓(lu)的(de)一條山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)。它發源(yuan)于(yu)及第庵的(de)左山(shan)(shan)，曲折(zhe)潛流六七(qi)里至鳳(feng)凰山(shan)(shan)下。這里石壁陡峭，松蘿叢覆，泉(quan)流其間，宛轉激(ji)回，終年不絕(jue)。上(shang)游(you)因水聲潺(chan)潺(chan)，名(ming)曰潺(chan)潺(chan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)。中(zhong)(zhong)段因有(you)巨石橫(heng)于(yu)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)間，狀似臥牛飲水，人稱(cheng)石牛溪(xi)(xi)(xi)。下游(you)名(ming)稱(cheng)山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)流泉(quan)，自(zi)北而南(nan)逕(jing)入潛河(he)，在中(zhong)(zhong)下游(you)長達(da)1公里的(de)山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)兩岸摩(mo)崖與溪(xi)(xi)(xi)間巨石上(shang)，有(you)唐、宋(song)、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清、民國歷代游(you)客游(you)覽山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)景物時刊刻的(de)眾多(duo)文(wen)字題刻，書法紛呈，內容豐富，琳瑯滿目，美不勝收。經文(wen)物普查發現，此地雖(sui)迭(die)經自(zi)然風(feng)化和人為的(de)損壞，目前仍尚(shang)有(you)314處石刻清晰可見(jian)，是安徽省現存最集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)、保存也(ye)最為完好(hao)的(de)摩(mo)巖石刻之一。

歷史沿革

山谷流(liu)泉中的3處年(nian)代(dai)最(zui)早(zao)的石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)都是唐代(dai)的，它們(men)均分布在(zai)石(shi)(shi)牛古洞東壁懸崖上(shang)。其中2處是唐代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)散(san)文家，哲學(xue)家李(li)翱(ao)任舒(shu)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)時游覽山谷的題名(ming)(ming)(ming)。李(li)翱(ao)字習之(zhi)，隴西成紀(ji)（今(jin)甘(gan)肅秦(qin)安(an)）人。貞元進士，授(shou)校書(shu)郎，后任國事博士。元和十五年(nian)以后任廬州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)、舒(shu)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)，長慶(qing)二(er)年(nian)（822年(nian)）壬寅(yin)游石(shi)(shi)牛古洞。所刻(ke)題名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)“翱(ao)炅磷盤求壬寅(yin)年(nian)下(xia)元日(ri)習之(zhi)書(shu)”、“挎儲弘運上(shang)卿盤長慶(qing)二(er)年(nian)十月廿六日(ri)馀奉處交口”，均為(wei)真書(shu)，或橫排，或豎書(shu)直排。還(huan)有一(yi)處唐代(dai)13人題名(ming)(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)，系舒(shu)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)李(li)德修(xiu)于寶(bao)歷(li)二(er)年(nian)（826年(nian)）所刻(ke)。此刻(ke)楷書(shu)15行(xing)，上(shang)下(xia)豎書(shu)成行(xing)，字徑7厘米(mi)，書(shu)法遒勁渾厚。據《唐書(shu)》載：李(li)德修(xiu)于寶(bao)歷(li)時出(chu)任舒(shu)州，后任尚書(shu)，為(wei)唐代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的文學(xue)家。

山谷流泉(quan)有(you)兩宋(song)題(ti)刻(ke)100多處，內容也(ye)極為豐富。這里不(bu)僅有(you)安徽現存北宋(song)最早的(de)一塊端拱二年（989年）趙孚、舒雅(ya)、黃(huang)夢錫題(ti)名；還(huan)有(you)著名政(zheng)治(zhi)家(jia)王安石(shi)的(de)詩(shi)(shi)刻(ke)，書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)黃(huang)庭堅(jian)的(de)題(ti)名，李師中(zhong)的(de)記事題(ti)刻(ke)，南宋(song)張同之的(de)詩(shi)(shi)刻(ke)等等。有(you)宋(song)一代，慕(mu)名到山谷流泉(quan)來觀攬(lan)勝的(de)游(you)客一直絡繹不(bu)絕，形(xing)成空前的(de)刻(ke)石(shi)紀游(you)之風。

北(bei)宋(song)皇?三(san)年(nian)（1051年(nian)），時(shi)任舒州通(tong)判的(de)王(wang)安石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與弟王(wang)安國(guo)游(you)(you)覽山谷(gu)，坐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聽泉(quan)，寫(xie)詩(shi)以詠(yong)其(qi)勝(sheng)。現(xian)存題(ti)名刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)字為(wei)“皇?三(san)年(nian)九(jiu)月十六(liu)日(ri)自(zi)泉(quan)州之(zhi)太湖過寺(si)(si)宿，與道人文(wen)(wen)銑、弟安國(guo)擁(yong)火游(you)(you)見李翱習之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)，坐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聽泉(quan)久(jiu)之(zhi)，復(fu)游(you)(you)，刻(ke)習之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)后，臨川王(wang)安石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”所(suo)賦六(liu)言詩(shi)為(wei)：“水無(wu)心而宛轉(zhuan)，山有(you)色而環圍(wei)，窮幽深而不盡，坐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)以忘歸”。這(zhe)位被譽為(wei)中國(guo)11世(shi)紀的(de)改革家(jia)的(de)王(wang)安石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在掀起神宗變法(fa)(fa)大(da)(da)潮之(zhi)前，居(ju)然有(you)閑情逸(yi)致，于(yu)此寧靜聽泉(quan)。這(zhe)上(shang)物證(zheng)的(de)發(fa)現(xian)，當有(you)助于(yu)人們(men)研究(jiu)他的(de)思(si)想(xiang)變化的(de)歷程(cheng)。北(bei)宋(song)無(wu)豐三(san)年(nian)（1080年(nian)），著名書(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)家(jia)黃(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)也(ye)曾(ceng)至山谷(gu)攬(lan)勝(sheng)。他在游(you)(you)覽了(le)山谷(gu)寺(si)(si)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)洞(dong)之(zhi)后，一連寫(xie)了(le)《青牛(niu)(niu)篇(pian)》、《書(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)溪(xi)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)》、《題(ti)靈(ling)龜泉(quan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)》、《題(ti)山谷(gu)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》等(deng)詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)。他酷愛(ai)此地山水，因此自(zi)稱山谷(gu)道人。以曾(ceng)坐在山溪(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)上(shang)，讓大(da)(da)畫家(jia)李公麟為(wei)之(zhi)畫像。在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)洞(dong)東側懸崖頂端，尚存一處由黃(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)手書(shu)(shu)的(de)楷書(shu)(shu)題(ti)名：“李參、李秉(bing)夷、秉(bing)文(wen)(wen)、吳擇賓(bin)、丘揖(yi)觀(guan)余書(shu)(shu)青牛(niu)(niu)篇(pian)，黃(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)庚中小寒”，書(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)工整(zheng)穩健(jian)，筆鋒堅(jian)勁(jing)，波磔分明，是傳世(shi)稀(xi)少的(de)黃(huang)氏(shi)真跡，彌中珍貴(gui)。

在唐代李(li)(li)德(de)(de)修的(de)(de)題(ti)名下(xia)方，有一(yi)處(chu)記(ji)得于北宋熙寧(ning)四年（1701年）的(de)(de)“李(li)(li)師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紀事石刻(ke)”。此刻(ke)作者李(li)(li)師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為李(li)(li)德(de)(de)修的(de)(de)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)孫。似此祖(zu)、孫相距數百年同游一(yi)地，同刻(ke)一(yi)塊(kuai)巖石的(de)(de)石刻(ke)極為罕見。“師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)十(shi)一(yi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)御史(shi)大夫諱棲筠，生丞(cheng)相諱吉(ji)雨。丞(cheng)相生尚(shang)(shang)書諱德(de)(de)修。丞(cheng)相諱德(de)(de)裕(yu)，尚(shang)(shang)書實師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)八(ba)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)也。歷舒、湘、楚三州刺史(shi)，題(ti)名在此巖谷。師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不肖，忝備侍從。坐沮邊議，左遷來守茲土(tu)。永惟世(shi)(shi)業(ye)，未墜于地。后世(shi)(shi)子孫，尚(shang)(shang)有來者。敢廢(fei)篆刻(ke)，式昭前人。熙寧(ning)四年十(shi)月二十(shi)四日，孫尚(shang)(shang)書右(you)司郎中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)，弟純(chun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)從。”這(zhe)篇文(wen)字經與《宋史(shi)·李(li)(li)師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳》對照，所(suo)述家世(shi)(shi)、祖(zu)先完全吻(wen)合，是(shi)研究李(li)(li)氏家譜與有關歷史(shi)人物的(de)(de)珍貴(gui)史(shi)料(liao)。

元(yuan)代(dai)以后，眾多游(you)(you)客蜂擁山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷，也留下大(da)(da)量的(de)文字(zi)石(shi)(shi)刻。除(chu)了(le)(le)式照唐(tang)宋時(shi)的(de)題(ti)名、題(ti)詩(shi)以外，在石(shi)(shi)刻文字(zi)的(de)內容方面出(chu)現一(yi)些(xie)新的(de)變化，比如出(chu)現了(le)(le)大(da)(da)量的(de)用簡短詞語贊嘆山(shan)(shan)(shan)、洞(dong)、泉、石(shi)(shi)景色(se)的(de)特(te)點。同時(shi)，石(shi)(shi)刻文字(zi)的(de)體積增大(da)(da)，字(zi)徑(jing)往往有一(yi)、二尺之多，這都是過去(qu)所(suo)少見(jian)的(de)。明代(dai)詩(shi)人(ren)、安慶知府(fu)胡(hu)纘(zuan)宗(zong)在石(shi)(shi)牛上大(da)(da)書(shu)(shu)“石(shi)(shi)牛”2字(zi)，并刊刻了(le)(le)《山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷寺(si)》詩(shi)：“摩詩(shi)坐山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷，谷水(shui)身邊(bian)流(liu)，篆密龍(long)蛇動，潭(tan)空牛女游(you)(you)”，此詩(shi)十分形象地描繪了(le)(le)石(shi)(shi)牛臨澗的(de)景色(se)，令人(ren)涌不絕口(kou)。胡(hu)纘(zuan)宗(zong)還有“山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷”大(da)(da)字(zi)題(ti)刻，字(zi)徑(jing)2尺。其它像嘉靖時(shi)御史(shi)大(da)(da)夫李元(yuan)陽、成(cheng)化時(shi)書(shu)(shu)法家袁慶祥等(deng)人(ren)的(de)題(ti)名以及大(da)(da)量的(de)“涪(fu)涪(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷”、“流(liu)云上流(liu)”、“天(tian)下奇(qi)觀”、“水(shui)光天(tian)色(se)”、“龍(long)門(men)”、“獨醒處”、“安慶名山(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“幽思(si)”等(deng)，都有一(yi)定的(de)歷史(shi)研究(jiu)與(yu)欣賞價值。從書(shu)(shu)法的(de)角(jiao)度看，這里的(de)石(shi)(shi)刻包括有隸書(shu)(shu)、楷書(shu)(shu)、草(cao)書(shu)(shu)、篆書(shu)(shu)、行書(shu)(shu)等(deng)多種，每種書(shu)(shu)體中又富于變化，各具特(te)色(se)，基本上代(dai)表(biao)了(le)(le)唐(tang)代(dai)以來我國書(shu)(shu)法藝術發展演變的(de)風(feng)貌(mao)，是一(yi)處珍貴的(de)書(shu)(shu)法藝術寶庫。

平度縣天柱山摩崖刻石

天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)崖刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在平(ping)(ping)度(du)縣北(bei)(bei)25公(gong)里處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)除(chu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)外，還有(you)東(dong)漢(han)、東(dong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)、北(bei)(bei)齊以(yi)(yi)及金、元(yuan)(yuan)等歷(li)代(dai)刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，極堪觀賞。立(li)在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽的(de)(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)，亦(yi)稱(cheng)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)上(shang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)，全稱(cheng)“魏(wei)(wei)(wei)左中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)令(ling)秘書(shu)(shu)監鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)乃鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲謚號。該碑(bei)(bei)(bei)傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)一(yi)北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)洲(zhou)（洲(zhou)志在現掖(ye)縣） 刺史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭(zhao)于(yu)水平(ping)(ping)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)511年(nian)(nian)(nian)）所(suo)(suo)書(shu)(shu)鐫(juan)。其(qi)內(nei)容系為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)家(jia)歌(ge)功頌德(de)，并(bing)記述(shu)了(le)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲的(de)(de)生平(ping)(ping)和著述(shu)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)由(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)陽面稍加(jia)琢磨(mo)而(er)成(cheng)， 碑(bei)(bei)(bei)高3、20米，寬、5米，文(wen)19行(xing)，計880余(yu)字(zi)。其(qi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)，結字(zi)寬情，筆(bi)力雄(xiong)健，具篆分遺意，清(qing)包(bao)世臣贊(zan)其(qi)“有(you)海鷗云鶴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致”，并(bing)說：“北(bei)(bei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)體多榜(bang)出，〈〈鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)〉〉字(zi)獨真正，而(er)篆勢(shi)、分韻(yun)、草情畢具......真文(wen)苑(yuan)奇珍(zhen)也”葉昌熾則贊(zan)其(qi)“唐(tang)初(chu)歐、虞、褚(chu)、薛楮家(jia)皆在籠罩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，不獨北(bei)(bei)朝書(shu)(shu)第一(yi)，自有(you)真書(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)來一(yi)人而(er)已”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)，有(you)一(yi)自然(ran)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)高大石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孔，俗稱(cheng)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)”，北(bei)(bei)宋北(bei)(bei)壁亦(yi)鐫(juan)有(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)照所(suo)(suo)撰書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〈〈石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)銘〉 〉，計150字(zi)，此(ci)銘既大有(you)風(feng)采，又書(shu)(shu)寫(xie)得(de)(de) 婉麗飛動(dong)，饒(rao)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)趣，寥寥數語(yu)，把(ba)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)”描繪(hui)得(de)(de)絢麗斑爛，令(ling)人神往(wang)。 由(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)西(xi)行(xing)， 經(jing)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭(zhao)“此(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”5個大字(zi)的(de)(de)又一(yi)題刻(ke)(ke)處，爬上(shang)主(zhu)峰，只見天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、西(xi)云峰兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)西(xi)對峙的(de)(de)峽口西(xi)壁，亦(yi)有(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提刻(ke)(ke)，文(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“滎陽鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭(zhao)上(shang)游天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)下息云峰” ，字(zi)體較(jiao)大，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質又好，雖經(jing)1400余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)風(feng)雨剝蝕，依然(ran)如故(gu)；寥寥十(shi)余(yu)字(zi)，仍可見鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)健之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)意。 《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)殘刻(ke)(ke)》以(yi)(yi)及座落在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓劈石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)門處的(de)(de)《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)銘》，均系隸(li)書(shu)(shu)，傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)------北(bei)(bei)齊光(guang)州(zhou)刺史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)述(shu)祖于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)統元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)565年(nian)(nian)(nian)） 所(suo)(suo)書(shu)(shu)鐫(juan)《殘刻(ke)(ke)》書(shu)(shu)法(fa)工整精(jing)細，端(duan)正而(er)不板(ban)滯；《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)銘》字(zi)體厚重古樸(pu)，有(you)漢(han)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)規范。 《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)銘》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，有(you)一(yi)東(dong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)。窟(ku)內(nei)壁除(chu)有(you)東(dong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)《姚保顯造石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塔記》外，還有(you)數十(shi)尊浮屠造像， 因年(nian)(nian)(nian)久磨(mo)損， 浮屠還算清(qing)晰，《造石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塔記》已多模糊難認(ren)，但(dan)“武(wu)定(ding)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)”（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)548年(nian)(nian)(nian)）等字(zi)，尚清(qing)晰可辯。 新(xin)近發現的(de)(de)東(dong)漢(han)《中(zhong)平(ping)(ping)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢(han)隸(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)品，漢(han)隸(li)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)崖者，為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少見，故(gu)愈(yu)加(jia)珍(zhen)貴，為(wei)(wei)(wei)我國書(shu)(shu)法(fa)刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藝術(shu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)瑰寶，故(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)崖刻(ke)(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國家(jia)級重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)單位(wei)。