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山(shan)谷流泉摩崖石刻,位于潛山(shan)縣城(cheng)西北18里的(de)野寨鄉境(jing)內。野寨，漢代(dai)名谷口(kou)，是(shi)天柱山(shan)的(de)門戶(hu)。

后名(ming)野人寨。相(xiang)傳有(you)野人居此。南宋末年時(shi)為義兵(bing)劉(liu)源(yuan)抗元的(de)山(shan)寨。山(shan)谷(gu)流(liu)(liu)泉(quan)，指的(de)是位于谷(gu)寺西側鳳凰麓的(de)一條山(shan)溪(xi)(xi)。它發源(yuan)于及第庵的(de)左山(shan)，曲折潛流(liu)(liu)六七里(li)至鳳凰山(shan)下(xia)。這里(li)石壁陡(dou)峭，松蘿叢(cong)覆，泉(quan)流(liu)(liu)其間，宛轉激回，終年不絕。上游因水聲潺潺，名(ming)曰潺潺溪(xi)(xi)。中(zhong)段因有(you)巨石橫于溪(xi)(xi)間，狀似臥牛飲(yin)水，人稱(cheng)(cheng)石牛溪(xi)(xi)。下(xia)游名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)谷(gu)流(liu)(liu)泉(quan)，自北而南逕(jing)入潛河(he)，在中(zhong)下(xia)游長達1公里(li)的(de)山(shan)溪(xi)(xi)兩岸摩(mo)崖(ya)與(yu)溪(xi)(xi)間巨石上，有(you)唐、宋、元、明、清、民國歷代(dai)游客游覽山(shan)溪(xi)(xi)景物時(shi)刊刻(ke)的(de)眾多文(wen)字題刻(ke)，書法(fa)紛呈(cheng)，內(nei)容豐富，琳瑯(lang)滿目(mu)(mu)，美不勝(sheng)收。經(jing)文(wen)物普查發現，此地雖迭(die)經(jing)自然風(feng)化和人為的(de)損壞(huai)，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)仍尚有(you)314處石刻(ke)清晰可見，是安徽(hui)省現存(cun)最集(ji)中(zhong)、保存(cun)也(ye)最為完(wan)好的(de)摩(mo)巖石刻(ke)之一。

歷史沿革

山谷流(liu)泉(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)3處年(nian)(nian)(nian)代最(zui)早的(de)(de)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)都是(shi)唐(tang)代的(de)(de)，它們均分(fen)布在(zai)石(shi)牛古(gu)洞(dong)東壁懸崖上。其中(zhong)(zhong)2處是(shi)唐(tang)代著名散文(wen)家，哲學家李翱(ao)任舒(shu)(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史時游覽(lan)山谷的(de)(de)題(ti)(ti)名。李翱(ao)字(zi)習之(zhi)，隴(long)西成(cheng)紀(ji)（今甘肅秦安）人(ren)。貞元(yuan)進(jin)士，授校(xiao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)郎，后任國事博士。元(yuan)和(he)十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)以后任廬州(zhou)刺(ci)史、舒(shu)(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史，長(chang)慶二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（822年(nian)(nian)(nian)）壬寅(yin)游石(shi)牛古(gu)洞(dong)。所(suo)刻(ke)(ke)題(ti)(ti)名為(wei)“翱(ao)炅(gui)磷盤(pan)求壬寅(yin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)元(yuan)日習之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)”、“挎(kua)儲弘(hong)運上卿盤(pan)長(chang)慶二年(nian)(nian)(nian)十月廿(nian)六日馀奉(feng)處交口(kou)”，均為(wei)真書(shu)(shu)(shu)，或(huo)橫排(pai)，或(huo)豎(shu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)直(zhi)排(pai)。還有一處唐(tang)代13人(ren)題(ti)(ti)名石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)，系(xi)舒(shu)(shu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史李德修于寶(bao)歷(li)(li)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（826年(nian)(nian)(nian)）所(suo)刻(ke)(ke)。此刻(ke)(ke)楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)15行(xing)，上下(xia)豎(shu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)行(xing)，字(zi)徑7厘米，書(shu)(shu)(shu)法遒(qiu)勁渾厚。據《唐(tang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》載：李德修于寶(bao)歷(li)(li)時出任舒(shu)(shu)州(zhou)，后任尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)，為(wei)唐(tang)代著名的(de)(de)文(wen)學家。

山谷流泉有(you)兩宋題刻(ke)100多處，內容也極(ji)為豐(feng)富(fu)。這(zhe)里不僅(jin)有(you)安(an)徽現存北宋最(zui)早(zao)的(de)一(yi)塊(kuai)端(duan)拱二年（989年）趙孚、舒雅(ya)、黃夢錫(xi)題名(ming)；還(huan)有(you)著名(ming)政治(zhi)家(jia)王安(an)石(shi)的(de)詩(shi)刻(ke)，書法(fa)家(jia)黃庭堅的(de)題名(ming)，李師中的(de)記(ji)事題刻(ke)，南宋張(zhang)同(tong)之(zhi)的(de)詩(shi)刻(ke)等等。有(you)宋一(yi)代，慕名(ming)到山谷流泉來觀攬(lan)勝的(de)游(you)客(ke)一(yi)直(zhi)絡繹不絕，形成(cheng)空前的(de)刻(ke)石(shi)紀(ji)游(you)之(zhi)風。

北宋皇?三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1051年(nian)(nian)(nian)），時任舒州通(tong)判的(de)(de)(de)(de)王安(an)石(shi)與(yu)弟王安(an)國(guo)游(you)(you)(you)覽山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)，坐石(shi)聽(ting)泉(quan)，寫(xie)詩以詠(yong)其勝(sheng)。現存題(ti)名(ming)(ming)(ming)刻石(shi)文(wen)字為(wei)(wei)“皇?三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)九月十六(liu)日自泉(quan)州之(zhi)(zhi)太湖(hu)過寺宿，與(yu)道(dao)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)銑、弟安(an)國(guo)擁火游(you)(you)(you)見李翱習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)，坐石(shi)聽(ting)泉(quan)久之(zhi)(zhi)，復(fu)游(you)(you)(you)，刻習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)后，臨川王安(an)石(shi)。”所賦六(liu)言詩為(wei)(wei)：“水無心而宛轉，山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)色而環圍(wei)，窮幽深而不(bu)盡，坐石(shi)上以忘歸”。這位被譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)11世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)王安(an)石(shi)，在(zai)掀起(qi)神宗變法(fa)大潮之(zhi)(zhi)前，居(ju)然有(you)閑(xian)情逸致，于(yu)(yu)此寧靜聽(ting)泉(quan)。這上物證的(de)(de)(de)(de)發現，當(dang)有(you)助于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)們(men)研究他的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷程。北宋無豐三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1080年(nian)(nian)(nian)），著名(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家(jia)黃庭堅(jian)(jian)也曾(ceng)至山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)攬(lan)勝(sheng)。他在(zai)游(you)(you)(you)覽了(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)寺、石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)洞之(zhi)(zhi)后，一連寫(xie)了(le)《青(qing)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)篇》、《書(shu)(shu)石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)溪大石(shi)上》、《題(ti)靈龜泉(quan)石(shi)上》、《題(ti)山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)大石(shi)》等詩文(wen)。他酷愛此地山(shan)(shan)(shan)水，因此自稱山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)道(dao)人(ren)(ren)。以曾(ceng)坐在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)溪石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)上，讓(rang)大畫(hua)家(jia)李公麟為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)畫(hua)像(xiang)。在(zai)石(shi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)洞東側懸(xuan)崖頂端，尚(shang)存一處(chu)由黃庭堅(jian)(jian)手書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)楷(kai)書(shu)(shu)題(ti)名(ming)(ming)(ming)：“李參、李秉(bing)夷、秉(bing)文(wen)、吳擇賓(bin)、丘揖觀余書(shu)(shu)青(qing)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)篇，黃庭堅(jian)(jian)庚中小寒”，書(shu)(shu)法(fa)工整(zheng)穩(wen)健，筆鋒(feng)堅(jian)(jian)勁，波磔分明(ming)，是傳(chuan)世(shi)稀少的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃氏真(zhen)跡，彌中珍貴(gui)。

在唐(tang)代李德修的(de)題(ti)名下方(fang)，有(you)一(yi)處(chu)記得于北宋熙(xi)寧四年(nian)(nian)（1701年(nian)(nian)）的(de)“李師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)紀事(shi)石刻(ke)”。此刻(ke)作者李師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，為李德修的(de)八世(shi)(shi)孫(sun)。似此祖(zu)、孫(sun)相(xiang)距(ju)數百年(nian)(nian)同游一(yi)地，同刻(ke)一(yi)塊巖石的(de)石刻(ke)極為罕見。“師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)十一(yi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)御史(shi)(shi)(shi)大夫諱(hui)棲筠(yun)，生丞(cheng)相(xiang)諱(hui)吉雨。丞(cheng)相(xiang)生尚(shang)書(shu)諱(hui)德修。丞(cheng)相(xiang)諱(hui)德裕，尚(shang)書(shu)實師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)八世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)也。歷(li)舒、湘、楚三州刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)，題(ti)名在此巖谷。師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)不肖(xiao)，忝備侍從(cong)。坐沮邊(bian)議，左遷來(lai)守茲土。永惟世(shi)(shi)業，未墜(zhui)于地。后世(shi)(shi)子孫(sun)，尚(shang)有(you)來(lai)者。敢廢篆刻(ke)，式(shi)昭前人(ren)。熙(xi)寧四年(nian)(nian)十月二十四日，孫(sun)尚(shang)書(shu)右司(si)郎中(zhong)(zhong)師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)記，弟純中(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)。”這(zhe)篇文字(zi)經(jing)與(yu)《宋史(shi)(shi)(shi)·李師(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)傳》對照，所(suo)述家(jia)世(shi)(shi)、祖(zu)先完全(quan)吻合，是研究(jiu)李氏家(jia)譜與(yu)有(you)關歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)物的(de)珍貴史(shi)(shi)(shi)料。

元代以后，眾多(duo)游(you)客蜂擁山谷，也留(liu)下大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文字石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)。除了式照唐(tang)宋時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)名、題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)以外，在石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)文字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容方(fang)面出(chu)現(xian)一些新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，比(bi)如出(chu)現(xian)了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)簡短詞(ci)語贊嘆山、洞、泉(quan)、石(shi)(shi)景(jing)(jing)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。同時，石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)文字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積增大(da)，字徑(jing)往(wang)往(wang)有(you)一、二尺之多(duo)，這都是過去(qu)所(suo)少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。明代詩(shi)(shi)人、安慶知府胡(hu)纘宗在石(shi)(shi)牛(niu)上大(da)書(shu)“石(shi)(shi)牛(niu)”2字，并刊(kan)刻(ke)(ke)了《山谷寺(si)》詩(shi)(shi)：“摩詩(shi)(shi)坐(zuo)山谷，谷水身(shen)邊流(liu)，篆密龍蛇動，潭(tan)空牛(niu)女游(you)”，此詩(shi)(shi)十分形象地描繪了石(shi)(shi)牛(niu)臨(lin)澗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)色(se)(se)，令人涌不絕口(kou)。胡(hu)纘宗還有(you)“山谷”大(da)字題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)，字徑(jing)2尺。其它像(xiang)嘉靖時御史大(da)夫李元陽(yang)、成化時書(shu)法(fa)家袁慶祥等人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)名以及(ji)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“涪涪山谷”、“流(liu)云上流(liu)”、“天下奇觀(guan)”、“水光天色(se)(se)”、“龍門”、“獨(du)醒處(chu)”、“安慶名山”、“幽思”等，都有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史研究與欣(xin)賞價值(zhi)。從書(shu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度看，這里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)包括有(you)隸書(shu)、楷(kai)書(shu)、草書(shu)、篆書(shu)、行書(shu)等多(duo)種(zhong)，每種(zhong)書(shu)體(ti)中又(you)富(fu)于變(bian)化，各具特色(se)(se)，基本上代表了唐(tang)代以來我國(guo)書(shu)法(fa)藝術(shu)發展演變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風貌，是一處(chu)珍貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)藝術(shu)寶庫。

平度縣天柱山摩崖刻石

天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)度縣(xian)北25公(gong)(gong)里處(chu)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)除(chu)(chu)魏(wei)(wei)碑(bei)外(wai)，還(huan)有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢、東(dong)(dong)(dong)魏(wei)(wei)、北齊(qi)以(yi)及金(jin)、元(yuan)等歷(li)代刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)，極堪觀賞(shang)。立在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽的(de)(de)(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)碑(bei)，亦稱鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)上(shang)碑(bei)，全(quan)稱“魏(wei)(wei)左中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)令(ling)秘書(shu)(shu)(shu)監鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)”。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)乃鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)謚號。該碑(bei)傳(chuan)(chuan)為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子一北魏(wei)(wei)光洲（洲志在(zai)(zai)(zai)現(xian)掖縣(xian)） 刺(ci)史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭于(yu)水平(ping)四年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)511年(nian)）所書(shu)(shu)(shu)鐫。其(qi)內容(rong)系為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)家歌功(gong)頌德，并(bing)記(ji)述了鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)羲(xi)的(de)(de)(de)生平(ping)和著述。碑(bei)由天(tian)(tian)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)狀石(shi)(shi)于(yu)碑(bei)陽面稍加(jia)(jia)琢磨(mo)而(er)成(cheng)， 碑(bei)高3、20米，寬(kuan)、5米，文(wen)(wen)(wen)19行，計880余(yu)字(zi)(zi)。其(qi)碑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)，結字(zi)(zi)寬(kuan)情(qing)，筆力(li)雄健，具(ju)(ju)篆分遺意(yi)，清包世臣贊其(qi)“有(you)(you)海鷗云鶴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)”，并(bing)說(shuo)：“北碑(bei)體(ti)多榜(bang)出，〈〈鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)碑(bei)〉〉字(zi)(zi)獨(du)真(zhen)(zhen)正，而(er)篆勢、分韻、草情(qing)畢具(ju)(ju)......真(zhen)(zhen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)苑(yuan)奇珍也”葉昌熾則贊其(qi)“唐初歐(ou)、虞、褚、薛楮家皆在(zai)(zai)(zai)籠罩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，不獨(du)北朝書(shu)(shu)(shu)第一，自有(you)(you)真(zhen)(zhen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)來一人(ren)而(er)已”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北，有(you)(you)一自然(ran)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)高大石(shi)(shi)孔，俗稱“石(shi)(shi)室(shi)”，北宋北壁(bi)亦鐫有(you)(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)照所撰(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〈〈石(shi)(shi)室(shi)銘(ming)〉 〉，計150字(zi)(zi)，此銘(ming)既大有(you)(you)風采，又書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫得(de) 婉麗飛動，饒有(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)趣，寥(liao)寥(liao)數(shu)語，把天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“石(shi)(shi)室(shi)”描繪得(de)絢麗斑(ban)爛，令(ling)人(ren)神往(wang)。 由石(shi)(shi)室(shi)西(xi)行， 經(jing)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭“此天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”5個大字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)又一題(ti)刻(ke)處(chu)，爬上(shang)主峰(feng)，只見(jian)天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、西(xi)云峰(feng)兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)對峙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)峽口西(xi)壁(bi)，亦有(you)(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提刻(ke)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)“滎(ying)陽鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭上(shang)游(you)天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)下息云峰(feng)” ，字(zi)(zi)體(ti)較大，石(shi)(shi)質又好，雖經(jing)1400余(yu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)風雨剝蝕(shi)，依然(ran)如故(gu)；寥(liao)寥(liao)十(shi)余(yu)字(zi)(zi)，仍可見(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)健之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆意(yi)。 《天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)石(shi)(shi)殘刻(ke)》以(yi)及座落(luo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓劈石(shi)(shi)門處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)《天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》，均系隸書(shu)(shu)(shu)，傳(chuan)(chuan)為(wei)(wei)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子------北齊(qi)光州刺(ci)史(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)述祖于(yu)天(tian)(tian)統元(yuan)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)565年(nian)） 所書(shu)(shu)(shu)鐫《殘刻(ke)》書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)工整(zheng)精(jing)細，端(duan)正而(er)不板(ban)滯；《天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》字(zi)(zi)體(ti)厚重(zhong)古(gu)樸，有(you)(you)漢魏(wei)(wei)規范(fan)。 《天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)銘(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)，有(you)(you)一東(dong)(dong)(dong)魏(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)窟。窟內壁(bi)除(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)魏(wei)(wei)《姚保顯造石(shi)(shi)塔記(ji)》外(wai)，還(huan)有(you)(you)數(shu)十(shi)尊浮屠造像， 因年(nian)久磨(mo)損， 浮屠還(huan)算清晰(xi)，《造石(shi)(shi)塔記(ji)》已多模糊難認(ren)，但“武定六年(nian)”（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)548年(nian)）等字(zi)(zi)，尚清晰(xi)可辯(bian)。 新近發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢《中(zhong)平(ping)三年(nian)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)》，為(wei)(wei)漢隸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)品，漢隸摩崖(ya)者，為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)見(jian)，故(gu)愈加(jia)(jia)珍貴，為(wei)(wei)我國書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)藝術中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)瑰(gui)寶，故(gu)天(tian)(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)被列為(wei)(wei)國家級重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護單位單位。