大工山銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺址面積(ji)約400平方公里，從公元前11世紀至公元1279年，南陵大工山銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)從西(xi)周(zhou)到南宋，延續(xu)時間長(chang)達兩千余(yu)(yu)年，其采(cai)冶(ye)、煉銅(tong)(tong)十萬余(yu)(yu)噸，可供打造百萬件的(de)青銅(tong)(tong)器。銅(tong)(tong)在戰(zhan)國時期是戰(zhan)略意義的(de)物資，南陵銅(tong)(tong)質(zhi)優量大。據(ju)史料記載，楚國在消滅越國之后，旋(xuan)即在皖南設置“陵陽郡”，所產銅(tong)(tong)材被(bei)譽為“陵陽之金”。
1984年開(kai)始，南(nan)陵縣文(wen)管部門在(zai)第二次(ci)全國(guo)文(wen)物普(pu)查中，發現(xian)(xian)在(zai)大(da)工山一帶(dai)的(de)(de)地(di)表存(cun)有(you)大(da)量(liang)陶片，甚至連農民(min)的(de)(de)菜園地(di)里都有(you)，還發現(xian)(xian)多處(chu)(chu)疑為人工開(kai)鑿的(de)(de)坑道以及多處(chu)(chu)古人生活及燒烤的(de)(de)痕(hen)跡。南(nan)陵縣文(wen)管所(suo)將這一發現(xian)(xian)逐級上報，引起了蕪湖市(shi)、安(an)徽省(sheng)文(wen)物部門的(de)(de)高(gao)度重視。1986年，安(an)徽省(sheng)文(wen)物考(kao)古研究所(suo)的(de)(de)專家們根(gen)據南(nan)陵縣文(wen)物普(pu)查情況對南(nan)陵境內這些發現(xian)(xian)進行了專題(ti)調查和復查，終確定(ding)了它就(jiu)是湮沒在(zai)地(di)下(xia)、沉睡了千年的(de)(de)古銅冶遺址(zhi)。
1987年開始，安(an)徽省銅陵市文物部門先后多次對鳳凰山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址進(jin)行(xing)搶救(jiu)性(xing)清(qing)理(li)發掘(jue)，清(qing)理(li)出多處(chu)古代采(cai)礦(kuang)井巷和(he)一(yi)批(pi)采(cai)掘(jue)生(sheng)產工具，并(bing)在附近相繼發現了不少(shao)采(cai)礦(kuang)和(he)冶煉遺(yi)址。
大工山(shan)銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)包括塌(ta)里(li)牧(mu)銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、江(jiang)木(mu)(mu)沖(chong)冶(ye)煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶(ye)煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、破(po)頭(tou)山(shan)采礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)等。塌(ta)里(li)牧(mu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位于大工山(shan)西(xi)北部，距縣(xian)城(cheng)18公(gong)里(li)，與另一處(chu)古銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)木(mu)(mu)沖(chong)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)隔山(shan)相守。塌(ta)里(li)牧(mu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)面(mian)毗(pi)鄰銅(tong)陵市，占地面(mian)積22萬平方米。是一處(chu)集采礦(kuang)(kuang)、冶(ye)煉為一體的(de)自漢(han)至宋代時(shi)期的(de)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。發源于大工山(shan)的(de)江(jiang)木(mu)(mu)沖(chong)河流經遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)東側，匯(hui)入(ru)繁昌(chang)黃滸河，由荻港入(ru)長江(jiang)。
1991年10月至12月，安(an)徽省文物考古研究(jiu)所和(he)南(nan)陵縣文物管理所組(zu)成的考古工作隊，對南(nan)陵縣大(da)工山(shan)區西(xi)邊沖古銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦遺址進行發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘揭露(lu)面積400平方米，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)春(chun)秋時期煉銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)爐(lu)(lu)5座(zuo)，其(qi)中1號爐(lu)(lu)的爐(lu)(lu)基結構清(qing)楚，爐(lu)(lu)缸、風溝、渣(zha)(zha)坑保存完(wan)好(hao)。爐(lu)(lu)西(xi)側(ce)有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)用(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘筑的房基，長(chang)3米，寬4米，是(shi)當年用(yong)以休息(xi)和(he)堆放冶(ye)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)材的工棚(peng)，爐(lu)(lu)前(qian)有(you)一(yi)片開(kai)闊地，是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)前(qian)工的操(cao)作臺，操(cao)作臺下是(shi)一(yi)個深3米的大(da)渣(zha)(zha)坑，用(yong)以存放煉銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的棄渣(zha)(zha)。在操(cao)作臺的東側(ce)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)一(yi)塊(kuai)用(yong)于鑄造青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工具的石(shi)范(fan),其(qi)型腔清(qing)晰光滑、澆口明顯(xian)。在2號爐(lu)(lu)東側(ce)的灰坑里，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)大(da)量陶器(qi)殘片，可辨認的器(qi)形有(you)夾(jia)砂陶盆(pen)形鼎、高足鬲、印(yin)紋(wen)陶雙耳罐、泥(ni)質陶高柄豆(dou)、原始青瓷碗(wan)等春(chun)秋時期的生活(huo)用(yong)具。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘過程中還發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦石(shi)、小(xiao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)塊(kuai)、小(xiao)鉛(qian)塊(kuai)、小(xiao)件銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)和(he)石(shi)球、礪石(shi)、石(shi)臼、塔形銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha)(zha)、木炭等冶(ye)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)生產的原料、燃(ran)料和(he)工具。
銅(tong)(tong)陵(ling)市的木魚(yu)山、金牛洞(dong)，南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)的江木沖、塌里牧四處，發(fa)現一批西周、春秋煉(lian)鋼豎爐，唐宋礦石焙燒窯、圓形煉(lian)銅(tong)(tong)地爐，漢唐地下采礦場等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)要遺跡(ji)，出(chu)土銅(tong)(tong)錠、銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)、鐵器(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)物。
大工山——鳳凰山銅礦(kuang)遺址的(de)(de)發現，具有(you)極其重要的(de)(de)學(xue)術價值。它不(bu)僅為尋找(zhao)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)“丹陽(yang)銅”產地(di)提(ti)供了(le)重要線索(suo)和物證，而且為探索(suo)中(zhong)國(guo)長江中(zhong)下游地(di)區青銅文明的(de)(de)起源與發展(zhan)，研究中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代采礦(kuang)、冶金技術的(de)(de)歷史進步，以(yi)及當時(shi)的(de)(de)社會經濟史等方面，提(ti)供了(le)豐富的(de)(de)資料。
銅(tong)(tong)礦的(de)大規模開發(fa)(fa)，是皖南地(di)區(qu)青銅(tong)(tong)文(wen)化(hua)得以(yi)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重要的(de)動力(li)。20世(shi)紀80年代(dai)以(yi)來(lai)，在以(yi)大工山、鳳(feng)凰山為中心的(de)南陵、銅(tong)(tong)陵、繁昌等地(di)先后發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)周(zhou)(zhou)代(dai)采(cai)銅(tong)(tong)礦井遺址(zhi)和銅(tong)(tong)冶煉遺址(zhi)數十處，時代(dai)早(zao)可達西周(zhou)(zhou)。這一(yi)區(qu)域(yu)內還分布著眾多西周(zhou)(zhou)至春(chun)秋時期的(de)遺址(zhi)，同時這里也是土墩墓分布密集的(de)區(qu)域(yu)，如此繁盛景象的(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)，說明(ming)皖南地(di)區(qu)在周(zhou)(zhou)代(dai)江南文(wen)化(hua)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展過程中，應占有一(yi)個(ge)相當重要的(de)地(di)位(wei)。
1996年11月，南陵縣大工山銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址和毗(pi)鄰的(de)銅陵鳳(feng)凰山銅礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址一起被國務院批準為第四批全國文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
2012年，為加(jia)強遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，銅陵市(shi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局委托安徽(hui)省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)中(zhong)心編制了鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)山銅礦遺(yi)址(zhi)總體保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃工(gong)作(zuo)計劃，并正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)向國家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局申(shen)請保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃編制立(li)項(xiang)。2013年10月，國家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)批復同意(yi)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)山銅礦遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃編制立(li)項(xiang)。同時(shi)，銅陵市(shi)委托專業規(gui)(gui)劃編制單位，聯合安徽(hui)省考古(gu)研究所(suo)，做好(hao)鳳(feng)(feng)凰(huang)山銅礦遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃的編制工(gong)作(zuo)。
2018年(nian)，銅陵(ling)市啟動第三批(pi)市級(ji)文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)標志(zhi)碑、界樁制作以(yi)及環境整治項目招標工(gong)作。對文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位(wei)、歷(li)史建筑與工(gong)業遺(yi)產規(gui)劃(hua)編制項目。推進國保(bao)單位(wei)大(da)工(gong)山(shan)—鳳凰山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址(zhi)和浮(fu)山(shan)摩崖(ya)石刻的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)劃(hua)編制；積極開展(zhan)《銅陵(ling)市歷(li)史建筑與工(gong)業遺(yi)產保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)劃(hua)》編制工(gong)作。
據(ju)史書記載，漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)產銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)地不少，相對于全國各(ge)地設(she)置的(de)(de)(de)37處鹽官(guan)、48處鐵官(guan)而言，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)政權只在(zai)丹(dan)陽(yang)設(she)了一處銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)，丹(dan)陽(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)代(dai)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文明、青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工業上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)地位由(you)此可見。丹(dan)陽(yang)有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山在(zai)繁昌(chang)區(qu)(qu)東南(nan)五十里，出(chu)(chu)好銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古所謂(wei)丹(dan)陽(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據(ju)《史記》、《漢(han)(han)(han)書》記載西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)政權曾設(she)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)于今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)山下，鳳凰山地區(qu)(qu)發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦采冶(ye)遺址，很可能就是屬(shu)于當時(shi)(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官(guan)管轄下的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)地區(qu)(qu)性(xing)采冶(ye)場(chang)所。還有(you)(you)(you)一些刻有(you)(you)(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽(yang)”的(de)(de)(de)銘文鏡(jing)。“漢(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)善銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)丹(dan)陽(yang)”，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)丹(dan)陽(yang)。丹(dan)陽(yang)曾是古地區(qu)(qu)名，又稱“丹(dan)陽(yang)郡”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵地區(qu)(qu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)隸屬(shu)于“丹(dan)陽(yang)郡”，以(yi)今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)行政區(qu)(qu)劃看，其轄區(qu)(qu)包(bao)括安徽(hui)池州以(yi)東，江蘇(su)句容(rong)以(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)，北至長(chang)江南(nan)岸，南(nan)抵(di)浙(zhe)江安吉一帶，大致(zhi)包(bao)括了今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)宣城地區(qu)(qu)。皖(wan)南(nan)古代(dai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料大致(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)三個(ge)去向(xiang)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料外(wai)運、就地加工、在(zai)礦區(qu)(qu)附(fu)近鑄錢。從《六安出(chu)(chu)土(tu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)》、《皖(wan)江漢(han)(han)(han)魏銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)選(xuan)粹》等公開發(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)資料看，皖(wan)南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)可能是戰國漢(han)(han)(han)魏時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)鑄造中心(xin)。
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