水庫簡介
大(da)(da)壩在鄖(yun)西(xi)(xi)縣夾河鎮陡嶺(ling)子(zi)村,東距(ju)十堰市區120千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南距(ju)河口夾河鎮約10千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),控制(zhi)流域(yu)面積5611平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)所在流域(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)秦嶺(ling)南部,武(wu)當山以北(bei),屬于(yu)山區。地(di)形總(zong)(zong)趨勢西(xi)(xi)北(bei)高、東南低,一(yi)般高程500~700米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),河床最(zui)(zui)低高程190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),河谷深切,邊(bian)坡(po)陡峭,多(duo)(duo)呈V形或U形峽谷,兩(liang)岸溝(gou)壑縱(zong)橫(heng),地(di)表水(shui)系發育,坡(po)岸植被(bei)稀疏(shu)、巖石裸(luo)露,庫(ku)(ku)段內河流發育有(you)三級階地(di),屬秦嶺(ling)褶皺(zhou)系的二級構(gou)造(zao),以東西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)和北(bei)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)構(gou)造(zao)體系為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。壩區處于(yu)鄖(yun)西(xi)(xi)帚(zhou)狀構(gou)造(zao)帶發散端,地(di)質構(gou)造(zao)比較(jiao)簡單,以斷裂構(gou)造(zao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,褶皺(zhou)主要表現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巖層次(ci)一(yi)級柔(rou)皺(zhou)。庫(ku)(ku)區位于(yu)鄂西(xi)(xi)北(bei)大(da)(da)山區,水(shui)汽入流受阻,不(bu)受臺風(feng)影響(xiang)。雨(yu)量(liang)偏少,多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)849毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)919.6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)41.9攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度,最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)-11.9攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度;多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速1.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒,最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)風(feng)速16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)水(shui)量(liang)16.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)流量(liang)52.5立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒,實測最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流量(liang)4720立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒(1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月17日),歷史最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流量(liang)7410立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒;多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)含沙量(liang)4.18千(qian)(qian)克每(mei)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)輸沙量(liang)693萬噸。陡嶺(ling)子(zi)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)屬年(nian)(nian)(nian)調節(jie)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)位264米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),死(si)水(shui)位242米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),設計洪水(shui)位266.41米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),校核洪水(shui)位274.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);總(zong)(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容4.842億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其中調洪庫(ku)(ku)容1.352億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),興利庫(ku)(ku)容2.09億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),死(si)庫(ku)(ku)容1.4億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)河道型水(shui)庫(ku)(ku),水(shui)面面積13.04平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),回水(shui)長44.5千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。?
水庫樞紐工程
水庫樞(shu)紐工程由大壩、溢洪道(dao)、泄(xie)洪洞、發(fa)(fa)電(dian)引(yin)水隧洞、電(dian)廠和升(sheng)壓站組成。大壩為鋼筋混凝土面板砂礫堆(dui)石(shi)壩-壩頂(ding)高程275米(mi)(mi),最(zui)大壩高85.5米(mi)(mi),壩軸線(xian)長(chang)(chang)338.5米(mi)(mi);溢洪道(dao)為河岸(an)開(kai)敞式,堰頂(ding)高程250米(mi)(mi),孔(kong)數3孔(kong),單(dan)寬(kuan)流量132.7立方米(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒;泄(xie)洪洞為深(shen)式進水孔(kong);引(yin)水發(fa)(fa)電(dian)隧洞為豎井(jing)進口閘門式,隧洞洞徑(jing)5.9米(mi)(mi),隧洞長(chang)(chang)242.53米(mi)(mi),引(yin)水流量133.41立方米(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒;廠房(fang)為引(yin)水地面式,安裝3臺單(dan)機容量為2萬千瓦的水輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機組,布置有110千伏(fu)和35千伏(fu)兩個電(dian)壓等(deng)級的升(sheng)壓站。
水庫效益
水庫(ku)(ku)以發(fa)電(dian)為主,兼有(you)灌溉、水產養(yang)殖(zhi)等功能(neng)。電(dian)站(zhan)裝機(ji)容量7.05萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,保證出力1.23萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,多年平均發(fa)電(dian)量2.12億千(qian)瓦時;設計灌溉面(mian)積12.9萬(wan)畝,解決3萬(wan)人飲用(yong)水;可(ke)養(yang)殖(zhi)水面(mian)13.04平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi);可(ke)通(tong)航40千(qian)米(mi)(mi):另外,水庫(ku)(ku)距襄渝(yu)鐵路、漢江航道10千(qian)米(mi)(mi),為其(qi)下游防(fang)洪起到了保護作用(yong)。水庫(ku)(ku)移民5074人,淹沒耕地412.5公頃。