簡介
三(san)(san)(san)板(ban)溪(xi)(xi)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)位(wei)于沅水(shui)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)上(shang)游河段(duan)的清(qing)水(shui)江下(xia)(xia)游貴(gui)州省黔東(dong)南苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自治州錦(jin)屏縣內,是黔東(dong)南州有史以(yi)來投資最多(duo)、規(gui)(gui)模最大(da)的建(jian)設項目(mu),是沅水(shui)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)繼五強溪(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后的第(di)二(er)個百(bai)萬級水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),它雖建(jian)在貴(gui)州境內卻主(zhu)供湖南電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)壩型為混凝面板(ban)堆石壩,最大(da)壩高(gao)185.5米,僅次于湖北水(shui)布埡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),屬200米級高(gao)壩,該(gai)壩高(gao)位(wei)居全國第(di)二(er)、世界第(di)三(san)(san)(san)。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總裝機(ji)容量100萬千瓦,安(an)裝4臺25萬千瓦混流(liu)(liu)式水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組,年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量24.28億(yi)千瓦時(shi),工程總投資61.5億(yi)元,總工期5年(nian),主(zhu)體工程于2002年(nian)7月正式開(kai)工。 同時(shi),該(gai)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的建(jian)設將極大(da)提(ti)高(gao)沅水(shui)中(zhong)游安(an)江河段(duan)和(he)下(xia)(xia)游常(chang)德、益陽、桃源(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及洞庭(ting)湖區的防洪(hong)能力,使防洪(hong)標準由目(mu)前的5年(nian)一遇提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)20年(nian)一遇。 作為國家“十五”重(zhong)點能源(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設項目(mu)、西部大(da)開(kai)發(fa)重(zhong)點工程,三(san)(san)(san)板(ban)溪(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是沅水(shui)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)上(shang)唯一具有多(duo)年(nian)調節(jie)能力的龍頭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),也是沅水(shui)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)15個梯級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠中(zhong)的第(di)二(er)級,洪(hong)江、五強溪(xi)(xi)、凌津(jin)灘等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)都在其下(xia)(xia)游。三(san)(san)(san)板(ban)溪(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全部建(jian)成(cheng)之后,將使下(xia)(xia)游電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)增(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量14.7億(yi)千瓦時(shi)。
三(san)板(ban)溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)電站壩址以上控(kong)制流域(yu)面積11051k㎡,在水(shui)(shui)庫達到(dao)正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)位475米后,水(shui)(shui)庫庫容40.94億(yi)m3,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)深度(du)將有(you)55層樓房高,形成(cheng)79.56 k㎡的遼闊水(shui)(shui)域(yu)面積·中電投集(ji)團三(san)板(ban)溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)電站首臺機(ji)組發電
7月19日,國(guo)家“十(shi)五”重(zhong)點(dian)能(neng)源建設項(xiang)目、西(xi)部大開發重(zhong)點(dian)工程(cheng)——三板溪(xi)水電(dian)(dian)站首(shou)臺機組的電(dian)(dian)力正式從貴州輸入湖南(nan)電(dian)(dian)網。
蓄水情況
三(san)板溪(xi)水電站壩址以上控制流域面(mian)積11051km2,在(zai)水庫達到正常蓄水水位475米后(hou),水庫庫容(rong)40.94億m3,蓄水深度將有(you)55層樓(lou)房高,形成79.56km2的遼闊水域面(mian)積
蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)情況三板溪水(shui)(shui)電站壩址以上(shang)控制流域面積11051km2,在水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)達(da)到(dao)正常(chang)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)位475米(mi)后,水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)容40.94億(yi)m3,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)深度將有55層樓房高(gao),形成79.56km2的遼闊水(shui)(shui)域面積。
風景
三板溪(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)大壩(ba)高(gao)(gao)185.5米,為(wei)國(guo)內第(di)二、世界第(di)三高(gao)(gao)壩(ba)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)主航道(dao)達(da)(da)130公(gong)里(li),支(zhi)航道(dao)120公(gong)里(li),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面面積近85平方公(gong)里(li)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)回水(shui)后形(xing)成了一個山(shan)中有(you)(you)水(shui)、水(shui)中有(you)(you)山(shan)、千(qian)奇百怪、美不(bu)勝收的(de)“山(shan)水(shui)生物公(gong)園”。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)沿岸有(you)(you)文斗、裕和、韶藹、瑤白、河口、固本等民(min)族村寨(zhai);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)烏(wu)(wu)下(xia)江風光(guang)、烏(wu)(wu)斗溪(xi)多級瀑(pu)布群、五溪(xi)原(yuan)始森(sen)林及豐富的(de)野生動物等;湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)西南(nan)面是高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)臺地青山(shan)界,青山(shan)界有(you)(you)五萬畝天然草(cao)場(chang),點綴著(zhu)許多高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊,俗(su)稱“九十(shi)九眼天池”,蘊藏著(zhu)許多美麗動人的(de)民(min)間傳說(shuo)。按(an)照旅游(you)專家的(de)考察(cha),青山(shan)界可開發成為(wei)旅游(you)避(bi)(bi)暑的(de)勝地,可建(jian)成國(guo)際性(xing)的(de)高(gao)(gao)爾夫球場(chang)及山(shan)地自(zi)行車(che)場(chang),還(huan)可開發滑草(cao)運動。這個由大型水(shui)利工程造就而成的(de)特殊旅游(you)區(qu),人為(wei)形(xing)成的(de)水(shui)體使居于深山(shan)上部的(de)原(yuan)生苗侗(dong)村寨(zhai)、罕見原(yuan)始植(zhi)被(bei)和涼爽氣候(hou)由遙不(bu)能及變為(wei)輕(qing)松(song)可達(da)(da),是集民(min)族歷史文化村寨(zhai)、避(bi)(bi)暑、探險、水(shui)上運動、航渡、生態觀(guan)光(guang)為(wei)一體的(de)綜合性(xing)景區(qu)。
氣候
清水(shui)江流(liu)域屬副(fu)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)候區,溫濕(shi)多雨(yu),四季(ji)分明。壩址多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫16.4℃。壩址控制(zhi)集水(shui)面積11051萬平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里,多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)1279mm,多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)流(liu)量(liang)240立方(fang)米/秒(miao),多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)徑流(liu)量(liang)75.69億立方(fang)米,洪水(shui)由暴雨(yu)形成。
設計
壩址為不對稱“V”型(xing)峽(xia)谷,兩岸(an)(an)基巖多裸露,河床復(fu)蓋層薄。右岸(an)(an)山體雄厚,右岸(an)(an)岸(an)(an)坡45~60°;左岸(an)(an)岸(an)(an)坡40~45°,高程(cheng)478m以上較單薄,為條形山脊,巖石風化較深。壩址巖性(xing)主要(yao)為元(yuan)古界板溪群清水(shui)江組變余凝灰(hui)巖、變余凝灰(hui)質(zhi)砂巖等。工程(cheng)地(di)質(zhi)條件較好,地(di)震基本(ben)烈度(du)為6度(du)。
樞紐(niu)布(bu)置為(wei):河(he)床布(bu)置主壩(ba),左岸(an)條形(xing)山脊上布(bu)置副(fu)壩(ba);溢洪(hong)(hong)道布(bu)置在左岸(an),位于主、副(fu)壩(ba)之間;泄洪(hong)(hong)洞布(bu)置在溢洪(hong)(hong)道左側山體(ti)中;地(di)下引水發(fa)電(dian)廠房(fang)布(bu)置在右(you)岸(an)。
攔河壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba):主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)均(jun)為混凝(ning)土面板堆石壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程482.50m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬10.00m,主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長423.75m,最(zui)(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)185.50m,副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長233.78m,最(zui)(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)50.50m,主(zhu)(zhu)、副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)上下游壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)坡均(jun)為1:1.4。
溢洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)(dao):溢洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)岸邊(bian)開敞式溢洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。長(chang)686m,溢流堰(yan)為(wei)WES實用堰(yan),堰(yan)頂高程456.00m,設3孔溢流表孔,孔口閘門尺寸20m×19m(寬(kuan)×高),采用挑流消能(neng)。設計洪(hong)水位和校核洪(hong)水位時(shi)的下泄(xie)流量分(fen)別為(wei)10306m3/s和13100m3/s,最大流速為(wei)45.6m/s。
泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)洞:泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)洞位于溢洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道左側,塔式進水(shui)口(kou)底板高程400.00m,進水(shui)口(kou)設(she)2孔5m×9m(寬×高)的(de)深孔,其后接13m×13.5m(寬×高)的(de)城門洞型無(wu)壓隧洞,總(zong)長(chang)約816m,其中隧洞長(chang)約745m,采用挑(tiao)流(liu)消能。設(she)計洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)位和校(xiao)核洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)位時下泄流(liu)量分別為(wei)2880m3/s和2940m3/s,洞內最大流(liu)速為(wei)42.1m/s。
發(fa)電引(yin)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong):右(you)岸地下廠房裝有4臺(tai)單機(ji)容量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)25萬(wan)kW的混(hun)流式水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電機(ji)組,電站進水(shui)(shui)口(kou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)岸塔式,引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞洞徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)7.0m,單機(ji)單洞引(yin)水(shui)(shui)。主廠房尺寸為(wei)(wei)(wei)147.5m×22.7m×60.0m(長(chang)×寬×高),主變壓器開關室位(wei)于主廠房下游,尺寸為(wei)(wei)(wei)111.0m×23.0m×31.8m(長(chang)×寬×高)。尾水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)采用“2機(ji)1井1洞”的布置方式。尾水(shui)(shui)設2個阻抗式調壓井,內(nei)徑(jing)24m,高度約61.8m。2條尾水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞的內(nei)徑(jing)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)12.0m。
施(shi)工導流(liu):采(cai)用(yong)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)導流(liu),一(yi)次攔斷(duan)(duan)河床的(de)導流(liu)方式。導流(liu)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)布(bu)置在左岸,過水斷(duan)(duan)面尺寸為(wei)(wei)16.0m×18.0m(寬×高),隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)斷(duan)(duan)面為(wei)(wei)城門洞(dong)型,隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)長734m。上、下游圍(wei)堰均為(wei)(wei)土(tu)石圍(wei)堰。截(jie)流(liu)后采(cai)取“枯(ku)搶(qiang)攔洪”渡汛方案。
建設意義
三板溪水電(dian)站壩(ba)址所在(zai)地(di)平(ping)略鎮,2002年財政收入126.5萬(wan)元,是上(shang)年的(de)(de)兩(liang)倍多。該鎮2001年前暫住人(ren)口(kou)只有(you)25人(ren),現在(zai)已有(you)4100多人(ren)。僅平(ping)略村(cun)和(he)八洋村(cun)的(de)(de)飲食、服務(wu)業就有(you)143戶,是電(dian)站開工(gong)前的(de)(de)13倍。鎮內的(de)(de)客運、貨(huo)運車船(chuan)也由原(yuan)來的(de)(de)10多輛(liang)(艘(sou))增加(jia)到96輛(liang)(艘(sou))。
三板溪水電(dian)站開工建設(she),使錦屏縣具(ju)備了由(you)漸進式發展(zhan)向跨越式發展(zhan)的有利條件(jian),電(dian)站工程(cheng)今年計劃投資(zi)11億元,將進一(yi)步拉動錦屏縣的經濟社(she)會發展(zhan)。